在現今快節奏的數位化世界中，設計思考已然成為企業和組織實現創新和創意的 方法。設計思考包含以下特徵:以人為本、使用工具、迭代、原型設計、注重設計心 態和跨領域團隊。研究人員相信一個具有各式性格及背景的跨域團隊，即使觀察到相 同場景，也會產生不同的觀點。人格特質代表一個人的思考模式和行為方式，而大五 人格的五因子模型是學術界普遍被認可的性格分類系統。在大五人格分類中外向性較 低者，本研究稱之為內向人格。由於偏好安靜及其他因素，內向者在團隊中常被誤認 位處劣勢。事實上內向性格的的人具備許多優點，這也讓他們在很多領域表現出色。 然而，極少數文獻對內向者及其在設計思考領域的表現有專項研究。本研究使用了問 卷以及深度訪談法，分別施測內向程度及從設計思考心態的角度解讀設計思考團隊中 的內向者特徵。
這項研究的結果呈現一個由三個階段組成的金字塔，而金字塔囊括了三個研究目 標及其相關問題。第一階段是團隊建設中內向者的特徵。從與內向者相關的文獻和研 究中總結出 11 種特徵。第二階段是探索內向者在雙鑽石設計思考工作坊中的作用。 第三階段則呈現對設計思考團隊有貢獻的內向者的變化，主要有三個優勢:創造力、 批判性以及傾聽和回應。團隊中的三個相應角色是 「智多星」(Plants)、「審議員」 (Monitor Evaluators) 和 「附和者」(Echoers)。內向者是較為內斂的智多星，他們有去 意地思考，但需要較長的思考時間。內向者審議員在判斷之前會觀察和考慮許多因素， 他們幫助團隊明確目標並更加團結。最後，如果一個小組中有傾聽者或附和者，成員 可以製定更具體的目標並有更好的團隊氛圍，顯示內向者的重要性。總而言之，這項 研究代表了在設計思維工作坊中，研究特定類型的人的新觀點。此外也對工作坊教練、 促進者和組織者提供了一個新的視角，以更好地設計包含內向的人在內的活動。至於內向者，此研究希望他們不僅在設計思維工作坊中，也能在其他共創型活動中了解到 自己的獨特性和優勢所在。

In the fast-paced, digitalized world, Design Thinking has become a problem-solving approach for enterprises and organizations from various fields to achieve innovation and creativity. Design Thinking consists of certain features such as human center, use of tools, iteration, prototyping, mindsets, and multidisciplinary. The researchers believe an interdisciplinary team of different personality traits and backgrounds generates various perspectives even if they observe the same scene. Personality traits are consistent patterns of how individuals think and behave, and the Five Factor Model from the Big Five is the most widely recognized system by scholars. An individual with a low Extraversion scale is called Introverts in this research. Introverts are often mistaken as a disadvantage in a team due to their preference for quiet environments and many other reasons. Introverts hold some merits that allow them to excel in many ways. However, few kinds of literature study particularly about Introverts and their performance in the Design Thinking field. This research takes perspectives of the Design Thinking Mindset to interpret Introversion in a Design Thinking team, involving pre-questionnaire and in-depth interviews to examine one’s Introversion degree and explore the contribution of Introverts’ Design Thinking Mindset.
The result of this research presents a pyramid of three phases that includes three research objectives and their related questions. Phase 1 is the characteristics of Introverts in Team Building. Eleven kinds of features are summarized from literature and research related to Introverts. Phase 2 of the finding is to explore the role of Introverts in the Design Thinking Workshop by applying the method of Double Diamond. Phase 3 represents the changes in Introverts that contribute to the Design Thinking team. Three main strengths are explained and presented: creativity, critical questioning, and listening and echoing. Three corresponding roles in the group are Plants, Monitor Evaluators, and Echoers. Introverts are “introverted” plants who think creatively but laterally. Introverts of Monitor Evaluators observe and consider many factors before judging, and they help the team to clarify the goals and be more collaborative. Finally, with a listener or echoer in the group, members can create more concrete plans and have a better team atmosphere, showing the importance of an Introvert.
To conclude, this research represents a new point of examining specific kinds of people in the Design Thinking Workshop. Moreover, it provides a unique perspective to workshop coaches, facilitators, and organizers, to better include introverted people. As for Introverts, it is hoped they realize their uniqueness and their strengths not only in the Design Thinking Workshop but also in other co-creating events.

Al-Dujaily, A., Kim, J., & Ryu, H. (2013). Am i extravert or introvert? Considering the personality effect toward e-learning system. Educational Technology and Society, 16(3), 14–27.
Ammeter, A. P., & Dukerich, J. M. (2002). Leadership, team building, and team member characteristics in high performance project teams. EMJ - Engineering Management Journal, 14(4), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2002.11415178
Barone, T. L., & Ammons, S. K. (2021). ‘Ultimate Introvert’to the ‘Touchy-Chummy’: Using Simulations to Teach Interviewing Skills. Teaching Anthropology, 10(3), 21–28.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26.
Beckman, S. L., & Barry, M. (2007). Innovation as a learning process: Embedding design thinking. California Management Review, 50(1), 25–56.
Bevan, H., Robert, G., Bate, P., Maher, L., & Wells, J. (2007). Using a Design Approach to Assist Large-Scale Organizational Change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(1), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886306297062
Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. Psychological Bulletin, 117(2), 187.
Bond, M. H. (1979). Dimensions used in perceiving peers: Cross‐cultural comparisons of Hong Kong, Japanese, American and Filipino university students. International Journal of Psychology, 14(1–4), 47–56.
Bond, M. H., Nakazato, H., & Shiraishi, D. (1975). Universality and distinctiveness in dimensions of Japanese person perception. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 6(3), 346–357.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis.
Brenner, W., & Uebernickel, F. (2016). Design Thinking as Mindset, Process, and Toolbox. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, February, 1–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26100-3
Brown, T. (2008). Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1145/3347709.3347775
Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked Problems in Design Thinking Author ( s ): Richard Buchanan Published by : The MIT Press. Design Issues, 8(2), 5–21.
Cain, S. (2013). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. Broadway Books.
Carlgren, L. (2013). Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. In Dissertation Abstracts International (Vol. 54, Issue 1). Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola (Sweden). http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/185362/185362.pdf
Carlgren, L., Elmquist, M., & Rauth, I. (2014). Design thinking: Exploring values and effects from an innovation capability perspective. The Design Journal, 17(3), 403–423.
Carlgren, L., Rauth, I., & Elmquist, M. (2016). Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(1), 38–57.
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2015). Personality: Theory and research. John Wiley & Sons.
Chasanidou, D., Gasparini, A. A., & Lee, E. (2015). Design Thinking Methods and Tools for Innovation. In A. Marcus (Ed.), Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse (pp. 12–23). Springer International Publishing.
Chesson, D. (2017). The Design Thinker Profile: Creating and Validating a Scale for Measuring Design Thinking Capabilities (Issue December) [Antioch University]. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2018.8436281
Condon, M., & Ruth-Sahd, L. (2013). Responding to introverted and shy students: Best practice guidelines for educators and advisors. Open Journal of Nursing, 03(07), 503–515. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2013.37069
Costa, A. C. (2003). Work team trust and effectiveness. Personnel Review.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5.
Culp, G., & Smith, A. (2005). Leadership effectiveness and behavior. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 5(2), 39–48.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741.
Dew, N. (2007). Abduction: A pre-condition for the intelligent design of strategy. Journal of Business Strategy, 28(4), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660710760935
Dosi, C., Rosati, F., & Vignoli, M. (2018). Measuring design thinking mindset. Proceedings of International Design Conference, DESIGN, 5, 1991–2002. https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0493
Dossey, L. (2016). Introverts: A Defense. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 12(3), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2016.02.007
Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Sage.
Eysenck, H. J. (1991). Dimensions of personality: 16, 5 or 3?—Criteria for a taxonomic paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(8), 773–790.
Farrell, M. (2017). Leadership reflections: Extrovert and introvert leaders. Journal of Library Administration, 57(4), 436–443.
Finkle, J. (2019). Unique Problems Introverts Face in the Workplace. Leadership Excellence, 36(7).
Fisher, S. G., Hunter, T. A., & Macrosson, W. D. K. (1998). The structure of Belbin’s team roles. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71(3), 283–288.
Flanagan, K., & Addy, H. (2019). Introverts Are Not Disadvantaged in Group-Based Active Learning Classrooms. Bioscene: Journal of College Biology Teaching, 45(1), 33–41.
Godsey, M. (2015). When schools overlook introverts. The Atlantic, 1–5.
Gold, R. L. (1957). Roles in sociological field observations. Soc. F., 36, 217.
Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual differences: The search for universals in personality lexicons. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(1), 141–165.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. Personality Psychology in Europe, 7(1), 7–28.
Goncalo, J. A., & Staw, B. M. (2006). Individualism–collectivism and group creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100(1), 96–109.
Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. (2010). The hidden advantages of quiet bosses. Harvard Business Review, 88(12), 28.
Guion, L. A., Diehl, D. C., & McDonald, D. (2011). Conducting an in-depth interview. EDIS, 2011(8).
Guldmann, E., Bocken, N. M. P., & Brezet, H. (2019). A Design Thinking Framework for Circular Business Model Innovation. Journal of Business Models, 7(1), 39–70. https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jbm.v7i1.2122
Harvey, S. (2014). Creative synthesis: Exploring the process of extraordinary group creativity. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 324–343.
Hassi, L., & Laakso, M. (2011). Design thinking in the management discourse: Defining the elements of the concept.
Hastie, M. (2019). Design team performance: A comparison between self-formed teams and teams with diverse cognitive modes. Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA).
Hawthorne, G., Saggar, M., Quintin, E.-M., Keinitz, N. B., Liu, N., Chien, Y.-H., Hong, D., Royalty, A., & Reiss, A. L. (2016). Designing a Creativity Assessment Tool for the Twenty-First Century: Preliminary Results and Insights from Developing a Design-Thinking Based Assessment of Creative Capacity. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, 1–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19641-1
Holloway, M. (2009). How tangible is your strategy? How design thinking can turn your strategy into reality. Journal of Business Strategy.
Hunt, S. J. (2018). Communication and change: A qualitative study of law enforcement team disc personality traits. Grand Canyon University.
Hurmerinta-Peltomäki, L., & Nummela, N. (2006). Mixed methods in international business research: A value-added perspective. Management International Review, 46(4), 439–459.
John, O. P. (1990). The “Big Five” factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In Handbook of personality: Theory and research. (pp. 66–100). The Guilford Press.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives (Vol. 2).
Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the Five Factor Model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78–89.
Kankaraš, M. (2017). Personality matters: Relevance and assessment of personality characteristics.
Kasriel, S. (2016). Upwork’s ceo on how an introverted engineer learned to lead. Harvard Business Review, 94(5), 35–38.
Kawulich, B. B. (2005). Participant observation as a data collection method. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(2).
Kienitz, E., Quintin, E.-M., Saggar, M., Bott, N. T., Royalty, A., Hong, D. W.-C., Liu, N., Chien, Y., Hawthorne, G., & Reiss, A. L. (2014). Targeted intervention to increase creative capacity and performance: A randomized controlled pilot study. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 13, 57–66.
Klein, C., DiazGranados, D., Salas, E., Le, H., Burke, C. S., Lyons, R., & Goodwin, G. F. (2009). Does team building work? Small Group Research, 40(2), 181–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496408328821
Korn, J. B. (2016). The dean as introvert. U. Tol. L. Rev., 48, 297.
Laney, M. O. (2002). The introvert advantage: How to thrive in an extrovert world. Workman Publishing.
Longhurst, R. (2003). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Key Methods in Geography, 3(2), 143–156.
Mansoori, Y., & Lackéus, M. (2020). Comparing effectuation to discovery-driven planning, prescriptive entrepreneurship, business planning, lean startup, and design thinking. Small Business Economics, 54(3), 791–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00153-w
Mao, R., Washida, Y., & Furue, N. (2020). Relationship between design thinking and personality traits. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Design Creativity, ICDC 2020, 311–318. https://doi.org/10.35199/ICDC.2020.39
Marcus, A., Abromowitz, S., & Abulkhair, M. F. (2013). Design, user experience, and usability. Springer.
Martelaro, N., Ganguly, S., Steinert, M., & Jung, M. (2015). The personal trait myth: a comparative analysis of the innovation impact of design thinking tools and personal traits. In Design Thinking Research (pp. 41–57). Springer.
Märtin, D. (2016). 內向者的成功密碼. 平安文化. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jPoHkAEACAAJ
McAdams, D. P. (1992). The five‐factor model in personality: A critical appraisal. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 329–361.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (n.d.). An Introduction to the Five-Factor Model and Its Applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175–216.
Micheli, P., Wilner, S. J. S., Bhatti, S. H., Mura, M., & Beverland, M. B. (2019). Doing Design Thinking: Conceptual Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 36(2), 124–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12466
Morgan, D. L., & Krueger, R. A. (1998). The focus group guidebook. Sage.
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). Five-factor model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance, 11(2–3), 145–165.
Musante, K., & DeWalt, B. R. (2010). Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers. Rowman Altamira.
Ndolo, S. (2021). Perceptions of Graduate Introvert Students Towards Problem-Based Group Work Activities in the Classroom. 277–291. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6960-3.ch014
Nguyen, N. T., Seer, A., & Hartman, N. S. (2008). Putting a good face on impression management: Team citizenship and team satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(2), 148–168.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(6), 574.
O’Cathain, A., Murphy, E., & Nicholl, J. (2007). Why, and how, mixed methods research is undertaken in health services research in England: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research, 7(1), 1–11.
Omar S. Itani, Haddad, R. El, & Ashish Kalra. (2019). Exploring the role of extrovert-introvert customers’ personality prototype as a driver of customer engagement: Does relationship duration matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.
Opt, S. K., & Loffredo, D. A. (2003). Communicator image and myers—briggs type indicator extraversion—introversion. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 137(6), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980309600635
Paulus, P. B., & Nijstad, B. A. (2003). Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration. Oxford University Press.
Pirola-Merlo, A., & Mann, L. (2004). The relationship between individual creativity and team creativity: Aggregating across people and time. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 235–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.240
Rabiee, F. (2004). Focus-group interview and data analysis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63(4), 655–660.
Rauch, J. (2003). Caring for your introvert. The Atlantic, March.
Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. (2012). What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important? Review of Educational Research, 82(3), 330–348. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457429
Roopa, S., & Rani, M. S. (2012). Questionnaire designing for a survey. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, 46(4_suppl1), 273–277.
Royalty, A., Ladenheim, K., & Roth, B. (2015). Assessing the Development of Design Thinking: From Training to Organizational Application. In H. Plattner, C. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators (pp. 73–86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06823-7_6
S.Itania, O., Rania El Haddadb, & Ashish Kalra. (2019). The effect of personality type on team performance. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 5, 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174525
Saggar, M., Hawthorne, G., Quintin, E.-M., Kienitz, E., Bott, N. T., Hong, D., Chien, Y.-H., Liu, N., Royalty, A., & Reiss, A. L. (2015). Developing novel methods to assess long-term sustainability of creative capacity building and applied creativity. In Design thinking research (pp. 29–39). Springer.
Salas, E., Rozell, D., Mullen, B., & Driskell, J. E. (1999). The effect of team building on performance. Small Group Research, 30(3), 302–329.
Santos, H., Martins, R. S., Brito, C. R., & Ciampi, M. M. (2019). Promoting Creativity in Final Year Engineering Students’ Project: a case study in the Smart Cities context. 2019 IEEE World Conference on Engineering Education (EDUNINE), 1–6.
Sauder, J., & Jin, Y. (2016). A qualitative study of collaborative stimulation in group design thinking. Design Science, 2, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2016.1
Schmidt, S. J. (2016). Personality diversity: extrovert and introvert temperaments. Journal of Food Science Education, 15(3), 73–74.
Schweitzer, J., Groeger, L., & Sobel, L. (2016). The design thinking mindset: An assessment of what we know and what we see in practice. Journal of Design, Business & Society, 2(1), 71–94.
Seidel, V. P., & Fixson, S. K. (2013). Adopting design thinking in novice multidisciplinary teams: The application and limits of design methods and reflexive practices. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(SUPPL 1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12061
Showkat, N., & Parveen, H. (2017). In-depth interview. Quadrant-I (e-Text).
Sims, D. E., & Burke, C. S. (2005). IS THERE A “ BIG FIVE ” IN TEAMWORK ? 36(5), 555–599. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496405277134
Smith, P. C. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes.
Sonalkar, N., Mabogunje, A., Hoster, H., & Roth, B. (2016). Developing Instrumentation for Design Thinking Team Performance. 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40382-3_15
Sonalkar, N., Mabogunje, A., Leifer, L., Hoster, H., & Roth, B. (2013). Developing a visual representation to characterize moment-to-moment concept generation in design teams. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 1(2), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2013.773117
Standifer, R. L., Raes, A. M. L., Peus, C., Passos, A. M., Santos, C. M., & Weisweiler, S. (2015). Time in teams: cognitions, conflict and team satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Stanford University d.school. (2011). Bootcamp Bootleg. Institute of Design at Stanford.
Suri, F., & Hendrix, R. M. (2010). Developing Design Sensibilities methods . To produce the best outcomes , organizations need to. Rotman Magazine, Spring, 59–63.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research (August 10, 2016).
Tannenbaum, S. I., Beard, R. L., & Salas, E. (1992). Team Building and its Influence on Team Effectiveness: An Examination of Conceptual and Empirical Developments. Advances in Psychology, 82(C), 117–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62601-1
Taylor, M. (2020). Personality Styles: Why They Matter in the Workplace. Economic Alternatives, 1, 148–163. https://doi.org/10.37075/ea.2020.1.08
Thakur, A., Soklaridis, S., Crawford, A., Mulsant, B., & Sockalingam, S. (2021). Using Rapid Design Thinking to Overcome COVID-19 Challenges in Medical Education. Academic Medicine, XX(X), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003718
Thienen, J. von, Meinel, C., & Nicolai, C. (2014). How Design Thinking Tools Help To Solve Wicked Problems. Design Thinking Research: Building Innovation Eco-Systems, 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01303-9
Van der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & Van De Vliert, E. (2001). Patterns of interdependence in work teams: A two‐level investigation of the relations with job and team satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 51–69.
Visser, W. (2011). Simon : Design as a Problem-Solving Activity Willemien Visser To cite this version : Collection, Parsons Paris School of Art and Design, 2010, Art + Design & Psychology, 2, 11–16. https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/565886/filename/SimonDesignAsAProblemSolving.pdf
Von Thienen, J., Noweski, C., Meinel, C., & Rauth, I. (2011). The co-evolution of theory and practice in design thinking–or–“mind the oddness trap!” In Design thinking (pp. 81–99). Springer.
Woodman, R. W., & Sherwood, J. J. (1989). Effect of team development intervention.pdf. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 211–227.
Yang, K., & Bond, M. H. (1990). Exploring implicit personality theories with indigenous or imported constructs: The Chinese case. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1087.
Adi Ignatius. (2015, September). How Indra Nooyi Turned Design Thinking Into Strategy:
An Interview with PepsiCo’s CEO. Retrieved November 27, 2021, from https://hbr.org/2015/09/how-indra-nooyi-turned-design-thinking-into-strategy
Belle Beth Cooper. (2013, August 21) Are You An Introvert Or An Extrovert? What It
Means For Your Career. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://www.fastcompany.com/3016031/are-you-an-introvert-or-an-extrovert-and-what-it-means-for-your-career.
Design Council. (n.d.). What is the framework for innovation? Design Council's evolved
Double Diamond. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/what-framework-innovation-design-
councils-evolved-double-diamond.design-thinking-workshops-c416706cd3e2.
Doris Martin. (n.d.). Die IntroDNA©. Denn Introversion hat viele Gesichter. Retrieved December 7, 2021, from http://www.dorismaertin.de/IntroDNA.
Forrester’s Customer Experience research group. (2016, October). Design-led firms win
the business advantage. A focus on CX strategy and execution reaps rewards. Retrieved November 27, 2021, from https://landing.adobe.com/en/na/products/marketing-cloud/350450-forrester-design-led-business.html.
IDEO Design Thinking. (n.d.). Design Thinking Defined. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://designthinking.ideo.com.
Jan Schmiedgen. (2019, July 9) What is “Design Thinking”?. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://thisisdesignthinking.net/on-design-thinking/discourse/.
Kate Morgan. (2021, July 16) Why introverts excelled at working from home. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210713-why-introverts-excelled-at-working-from-home.
Konrad. (2021) How to Run a Design Thinking Workshop. Retrieved December 12, 2021,
from https://www.konrad.com/research/how-to-run-a-design-thinking-workshop.
Rikke Friis Dam, and Teo Yu Siang. (2020). 5 Stages in the Design Thinking Process. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/5-stages-in-the-design-thinking-process.
Rikke Friis Dam, and Teo Yu Siang. (2020). Design Thinking: Select the Right Team Members and Start Facilitating. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/design-thinking-select-the-right-team-members-and-start-facilitating.
Slava Shestopalov. (2021, April 15) Comprehensive Anatomy of All Design Thinking
Workshops: An attempt to figure out the workshop nature once and for all. Retrieved December 2, 2021, https://uxdesign.cc/comprehensive-anatomy-of-all-ux-design-
thinking-workshops-c416706cd3e2
Stanford d.school. (n.d.). Here’s what that looks like at the d.school. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://dschool.stanford.edu/about.
The Myers-Briggs Company. (2019, January 2) Video Games, Executives, Brainstorming and Introversion: The Myers-Briggs Company Shares Six Lesser Known Facts for World Introvert Day. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://www.themyersbriggs.com/en-US/Company/Press/Press/2019/January/World-Introvert-Day%20.
UXPin. (2021) Tips for Running A Design Thinking Workshop with Your Team.
Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.uxpin.com/studio/blog/design-thinking-workshop/.
ZeraTech. (2019, September 19) Inspire, Ideate, Implement the “3I” model. Retrieved November 27, 2021, from https://www.zeratech.com/en/inspire-ideate-implement-the-3i-model/.