由於自1950年以後溫室效應之氣體明顯增加，使得全球與區域性之氣候改變之可能性大幅提高，如降雨與乾旱現象。由於台灣近年來隨著工商業發展且人口多集中於西半部地區，使得農工業與民生用水需求急速增加，因此，氣候變遷之影響因而更受重視。本文主要的目的在探討氣候變遷對於台灣西半部地區降雨之影響，並進一步評估在降雨變化造成之乾旱現象。
本文採近一百年降雨資料之31個雨量站利用Cumulative Deviations檢定法、Kruskal-Wallis檢定法與Mann-Whitney-Pettitt檢定法，來進行台灣西半部地區長期降雨的變化趨勢檢驗，分析項目包括：年一日最大降雨量、年不降雨日數、年降雨量、月降雨量等降雨特性與增減趨勢。分析結果顯示：降雨量發生顯著變化之改變點大約為1960年左右，因此將資料自改變點分成前後兩樣本，發現平均月降雨量在前後兩樣本有顯著之改變，且年降雨量部分有北部增加、中南部地區減少之現象。
最後將平均月降雨量變化之影響利用標準化降雨量指標(SPI)評估台灣西半部地區的乾旱現象。結果顯示：發現約1960年以後的氣象乾旱次數於北部地區有減少之現象，中南部地區有次數增加之現象。

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have recorded continual increase since the 1950s, a phenomenon that may significantly alter global and local climate characteristics, such as rainfall and drought. The theme aims at investigating rainfall variations in recent decades and its impacts on drought characteristic in western Taiwan, in where more population is living. That causes more agricultural, industrial and municipal water are required and the impact of climate change on there is more concerned.
Thirty-one raingages with near hundred year historical rainfall records provide the data base for this study. The Cumulative Deviations test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney-Pettitt test were adopted to detect whether these long-term historical rainfall series exist significant variation and tendency. The characteristics of rainfall series investigated in this work include the annual maximum daily rainfall depth, non-rainy days, rainfall depth and monthly rainfall depth. The tests found that these hundred year historical rainfall series have significant change point about 1960s, from where historical series can be divided into two samples. The average monthly rainfall from these two samples has also significant variation. The study results also reveal that annual rainfall depth in northern Taiwan has increased tendency. But the tendency is decreased in middle and southern Taiwan.
The impacts of variations of average monthly rainfall on drought characteristics were further investigated by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The study found that the period and occurrences of drought has been decreased in northern Taiwan, but increased in middle and southern Taiwan since 1960.

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