現有追日感測器大多採比較對應兩側感光元件感測值的方式，判斷入射光偏移方向，但每一個感光元件電氣特性無法完全一致，故安裝追日感測器時，需使對應兩邊電氣特性盡可能一致之特殊製程光敏二極體與模組呈電氣特性平行，調校程序相當冗長。本文所提追日感測系統使用支持向量機(Support vector machines, SVM)來判斷太陽光入射方位，僅以回授信號相對大小來判斷光入射方向，不準確比較感測值大小，故不需考慮光敏二極體電氣特性匹配問題。
由於當日照強烈時，周圍太陽散射光(非太陽直射光)會影響感測值，故無法準確判斷入射光方向。因此本文將收集的資料依太陽入射光偏移方位分為「正對」、「向東」、「向西」、「向南」與「向北」五個類別，並以支持向量機理論將其訓練分類，求出最佳超平面，以判斷追日感測器所回傳數值為何種類別，而得知入射光方向以驅動雙軸馬達。
由實驗數據結果得知，運用本文所提架構，即使在追日感測器與模組未達電性平衡的情況下，以支持向量機的訓練結果來判斷光入射方向，依然能有高準確率，故可有效簡化感測器安裝程序，亦可選用一般感光元件而不需考慮其電氣特性匹配的問題。

The method of estimating the direction of incident sun light using existing sun tracking sensors involves comparing the sensed values of corresponding photosensitive devices. When installing the sun-tracking sensor in the high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system, the photodiodes used in the sensor system should be made via special manufacturing and tuning processes to have electrical balanced properties for the opposite directions sensing with HCPV modules. However, the tuning process may be tedious and time consuming. Therefore, the sun sensor system proposed in this thesis comprises four general photodiodes, and uses support vector machine (SVM) theory to estimate the direction of the incident sun light. Because this sensor does not need to compare sensed values accurately, it is less influenced by the electrically unbalanced photo devices.
Because the output signal of sun sensor is strongly affected by sun light radiation, it is not possible to accurately estimate the direction of the incident light. To solve the problem, this thesis classifies the input data as “Aim,” “Deflect East,” “Deflect West,” “Deflect South,” and “Deflect North,” and then train the SVM theory by using the training data collected to find Optimal separating hyperplane (OSH). Finally, the sun tracking sensor system can determine the direction of the incident sun light and provide a suitable command to drive dual-axis actuators for the HCPV system.
The practical testing results show that the method proposed in this thesis achieves a high rate of accurate tracking, even the photodiodes used are not electrical balanced. This, in turn, makes it possible to simplify the process of installing the sun sensor with cheaper photo devices employed. The electrical unbalance property of the photo device used is thus not much concerned in the proposed sun-tracking system.

[1]郭博堯，「京都議定書的爭議與妥協」，2001。
http://www.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/SD/090/SD-R-090-024.htm
[2]鄭名山，「太陽能發電簡介」，物理雙月刊(廿九卷三期)，2007年6月。
[3]S. Abdallah, “The effect of using sun tracking systems on the voltage–current characteristics and power generation of flat plate photovoltaics”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45 pp.1671–1679, Jul. 2004.
[4]M. J. Clifford and D. Eastwood, “Design of a novel passive solar tracker”, Solar Energy, vol. 77, pp. 269-280, Sep. 2004.
[5]卓胡誼與黃文川，「轉動的太陽」，能源報導，2007年9月。
[6]A. A. Khalil and M. El–Singaby, “Position Control of Sun Tracking System”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 3 pp.1134-1137, Dec. 2003.
[7]A. Georgiev, P. Roth, and A. Olivare, “Sun following system adjustment at the UTFSM”, Energy Conversion and Management ,vol. 45 pp. 1795–1806, Jul. 2004.
[8]吳敏光與蔡宗諭，「太陽能雙軸追日系統研究成果報告」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫，中華民國96年9月。
[9]Z. G. Piao, J. M. Park, J. H. Kim, G. B. Cho, and H. L. Baek, “A Study on the Tracking Photovoltaic System by Program Type” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 2 pp.971-973, Sep. 2005.
[10]F. R. Rubio, M. G. Ortega, F. Gordillo, and M. Lo´pez-Martı´nez, “Application of new control strategy for sun tracking”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol.48 pp.2174–2184, Jul. 2007.
[11]V. D. Rumyantsev, V. M. Andreev, N. A. Sadchikov, A. W. Bett, F. Dimroth, and G. Lange, “Experimental installations with high-concentration PV modules using III-V solar cells”, Presented at the Conference “PV in Europe – from PV Technology to Energy Solutions”, Rome, Italy, 7-11 Oct. 2002.
[12]A. Al-Mohamad, “Efficiency improvements of photo-voltaic panels using a Sun-tracking system”, Applied Energy, vol. 79 pp.345–354, Nov. 2004.
[13]黃文震、周伯丞、馬榮華與李佳言，「一種可偵測空間中光源方向之新式偵測器」，中國機械工程學會第二十二屆全國學術研討會論文集，中華民國94年11月。
[14]楊金付與王建平，「全自動跟蹤太陽光伏發電設備控制器的設計」，國外電子元器件2007年第四期。
[15]P. Roth, A. Georgiev, and H. Boudinov, “Design and construction of a system for sun-tracking”, Renewable Energy, vol. 29 pp.393–402, Mar. 2004.
[16]M. H. Litchfield, D. Delude, and J. McCormack, “System and method for determining orientation based on solar positioning”, United States Patent patent No. 7315781, Feb. 2005.
[17]M. A. Panait and T. Tudorache, “A Simple Neural Network Solar Tracker for Optimizing Conversion Efficiency in Off-Grid Solar Generators”
[18]S. Mobasser, C. C. Liebe, and A. Howard, “Fuzzy Image Processing in Sun Sensor”, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 3, pp.1337–1342, Dec. 2001.
[19]H. A. Yousef, “Design and Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Computer-Controlled Sun Tracking System”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 3 pp.1030-1034, Jul. 1999.
[20]M. Alata, M. A. Al-Nimr, and Y. Qaroush, “Developing a multipurpose sun tracking system using fuzzy control”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 46 pp.1229–1245, May 2005.
[21]S. M. Sze, “Semiconductor Device Physics and Technology, 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1981.
[22]莊嘉琛，「太陽能工程-太陽電池篇」，全華，民國86年。
[23]吳財福、張健軒與陳裕愷，「太陽能供電與照明系統綜論」，全華，民國89年1月。
[24]賴耿陽，「太陽能基礎與應用」，復漢，民國85年。
[25]陳銘杰，「結合風力發電機與太陽能電池模組之混合式充電系統之研製」，國立東華大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十五年。
[26]A. Royne, C. J. Dey, and D. R. Mills, “Cooling of PV Cells Under Concentrated Illumination:a Critical Review,” Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, vol. 86, pp.451-483, 2005.
[27]施圳豪,「單接面與雙接面III-V族太陽能電池之研究」,中原大學電子工程學系碩士論文, 2005。
[28]葉上平,「用於III-V族太陽能電池之高效率且均勻化聚光鏡之研究」,國立中央大學光電科學與工程學研究所碩論, 2007。
[29]C. Sierra and A. J. Vazquez, “High Solar Energy Concentration with a Fresnel Lens”, J. Materials Science, vol. 20, p.1339-1343, 2005.
[30]D. Y. Goswami, F. Kreith, and J. F. Kreider, “Principle of Solar Engineering” , Taylor & Francis,2nd Ed., 1999.
[31]李明博、黃聖澤、劉宏益、林文德與卓胡誼，「太陽能追日系統之研究：第一篇：公式的準確性」，中華民國第25屆電力研討會, pp. 2148-2153, 2004.
[32]M. Cucuno, D. Kaliakatsos, and V. Marinelli, “General calculation methods for solar trajectories”, Renewable Energy, vol.11, pp. 223-234, 1997.
[33]C. Aracil, J. M. Quero, L. Castañer, R. Osuna, and L. G. Franquelo, “Tracking system for solar power plants”. IEEE Transactions on Electronics, Nov. 2006.
[34]J. M. Quero, C. Aracil, L. G. Franquelo, J. Ricart, P. R. Ortega, M. Domínguez, L.M. Castañer, and R. Osuna, “Tracking Control System Using an Incident Radiation Angle Microsensor”, IEEE Transactions on Industrlal Electronics, vol. 54, Apr. 2007.
[35]D. J. O`connor, “Solar Direction Sensor”, United States Patent, Patent No. 4424801, Jan.10, 1984.
[36]Young-Keun Chang, Mi-Yeon Yun, and Byung-Hoon Lee, “A new modeling and validation of two-axis miniature fine sun sensor”, Sensors and Actuators, vol. 134, pp. 357-365 , Mar. 15, 2007.
[37]A. Zerouala, M. Raoufi, M. Ankrim, and A. J. Wilkinson, “Design and construction of a closed loop sun-tracker with microprocessor management”, International journal of solar energy, vol. 19, pp. 263-274, 1998.
[38]J. C. Yeung and D. O`connor, “Solar Tracking Apparatus”, United States Patent, Patent No. 4225781, Sep. 1980.
[39]M. Taherbaneh, H. G. fard, A. H. Rezaie, and S. Karbasian, “Combination of Fuzzy-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker and Sun Tracker for Deployable Solar Panels in Photovoltaic Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 1-6 Jul. 2007.
[40]H. A. Yousef, “Design and Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Computer-Controlled Sun Tracking System”, IEEE Transactions on on Industrial Electronics, vol. 3, pp. 1030-1034, Jul. 1999.
[41]G. C. Bakos, “Design and construction of a two-axis Sun tracking system for parabolic trough collector (PTC) efficiency improvement”, Renewable Energy, vol. 31, pp. 2411-2421 Jan. 2006.
[42]葉益男, 「集光式太陽光發電追控系統研製」，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文, 中華民國92年6月
[43]L. He and Y. Hu, “A Fast Algorithm of Attitude Measurement for APS-Based Digital Sun Sensors”, 1st International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics , Jan. 2006.
[44]Y. K. Chang, B. H. Lee, and S. J. Kang, “High-Accuracy Image Centroiding Algorithm for CMOS-Based Digital Sun Sensors”, Sensors, 2007 IEEE, pp.329 – 336, Oct. 2007.
[45]C. C. Liebe, “Solar Compass Chip”, Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 4, pp. 779-786, Dec. 2004.
[46]李修至與錢理華，「光二極體在光伏模式下的線性操作方式」，台北海洋技術學院。
[47]Photodiode Technical Information, HAMAMATSU
[48]A. Marincic, “Modeling of Photodiode and Measurements of Device Parameters”, 7th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, vol. 1 pp.291 – 294, Sep. 2005.
[49]鄭慶一，「光無線通訊之電路與系統」，中原大學電子工程學系碩士學位論文，中華民國九十一年。
[50]M. Kaper and H. Ritter, “Generalizing to new subjects in brain-computer interfacing”, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 2, pp. 4363-4366, Sep. 2004.
[51]C. J. C. Burges, “A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition”, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 2, pp. 121-167, 1998.
[52]G. Cauwenberghs and T. Poggio, “Incremental and Decremental Support Vector Machine Learning” Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS*2000), Cambridge MA: MIT Press, vol. 13, 2001.
[53]張志丞，「多元分類之平滑式支撐向量法」，國立台灣科技大學資訊工程系碩士論文，中華民國97年。
[54]陳煒燁，「利用SVM分類演算法於EEG - P300的偵測與分析」，逢甲大學自動控制工程學系碩士班碩士論文，中華民國九十七年。
[55]李裕仁，「應用進化演算法輔助之支撐向量機於電力運轉資料之鑑別」，國立成功大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十四年。