首先，本碩論提出以球型介電共振器(Spherical dielectric resonator, SDR)作為設計量測生理訊號之微波感測器。相較於傳統的平面共振器，SDR之電場分布是垂直輻射出球面、直接與待測物接觸的。其不僅具有球體增加感測面積的優勢，更因其特殊的場型分布，使得其能夠靈敏地感測到待測物與共振腔間的空氣間隙，進而造成能量損耗的消長。有鑑於生理訊號如指尖上微幅振動的心搏，差不多落在幾毫米的量級，本研究便將SDR感測器設計於毫米波之頻段。設計過程中，也將對其如何饋入能量、所激發之模態等進行探討。觀察實作結果可知，與一般的開口共振環(Split-ring resonator, SRR)相比，SDR於頻率偏移、振幅變化、品質因素變異量上都有顯著的增長。在有無放置待測物之實驗中，SDR之頻偏量較SRR多了6.6倍，而振福變化也至少多了2 dB的差異。當實際量測手腕與指尖之心律訊號時，本研究更歸納出SDR與SRR之適用時機。由兩者量測不同待測物時之訊雜比(Signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)可知，SDR適合量測以整個平面為振動源之脈搏，而SRR則適合量測如指尖上的點源訊號，並歸結至兩種感測器的場型分布對感測器的影響，進而造成不同應用時的差異。
再者，為了將微波感測器整合至系統架構中，本論文亦提出微擾共振振盪器(Perturbation Resonant Oscillator, PRO)的設計，其顧名思義是個能夠感受微擾變化的振盪器。其不僅具有主動電路的高Q特性，為幾百倍增長，亦具有非線性的特徵能使頻偏有所倍增。因此，相較於被動SRR感測的振幅變化量，PRO在固定基頻下，則有至少8倍的放大。然而，本論文同樣也提出並驗證了碩論中使用之量測手法的限制條件與使用時機。

To begin with, this article presents a novel microwave sensor using SDR for monitoring heart rate. In comparison with traditional planar resonators, the proposed SDR sensor is introduced for its increased sensing region. Unlike planar resonators that usually concentrate electric field to a single point, the field distribution of SDR radiates in a direction normal to the surface of the sphere. It contributes to wider frequency shifts, larger fixed-frequency amplitude changes, and more attenuations as test subjects approach. During the research, the measurements of detecting heartbeat signals from fingertips and wrist pulse are performed using both SDR and SRR. The frequency shift of SDR is 6.6 times wider than SRR, and has at least 2 dB more of amplitude changes. Additionally, according to the calculated SNR, it is summarized that the SDR sensor is suitable for surface-like signal sources such as the wrist pulse, whereas the SRR is better for point-source applications like the fingertip pulse.
To integrate microwave sensors into systematic circuitry, PRO sensor is being proposed. It is an oscillator that reacts to the perturbation of the test subject. Not only does it have a quality factor of hundreds of times higher than passive ones, but the frequency shifts can be multiplied accordingly. For example, the fixed-frequency amplitude changes at the fundamental frequency of PRO is enhanced by about 8 times the value of passive sensors. However, the limitations and when to apply the measurements are also discussed and proven in the thesis.

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