近年來無人飛行載具系統(Unmanned Aerial System, UAS)經常使用在航測相關應用與研究，但受到載重與空間的限制，通常僅能搭載單台小像幅相機，而由於小像幅相機的視場角較小，因此須透過多條航帶來涵蓋測試區，與大像幅的專業型量測相機相比，小像幅相機的資料蒐集效率較差、影像數量較多而造成空三平差複雜度提高，更會因為FOV小而導致高程定位精度較差，除此之外，由於小像幅相機的影像尺寸較小，在立製過程中需要經常性的更換立體對才能進行測繪。為了能夠快速取得大面積地面範圍的資料蒐集，本研究中提出利用高酬載定翼型無人機搭載五相機攝影系統，五相機攝影系統包含了五台小像幅相機，並有分別有-50、-30、0、30、50的相對傾斜視角，整體FOV能提高至約120度。接著利用本研究中所提出的影像拼接流程，首先以室內率定得到相機內方位與相對方位參數，並以模擬單一透視中心進行透視投影轉換至一虛擬平面上，並分析相鄰相機重疊區的殘差，接著消除該誤差以達到更好的拼接影像成果。接著透過空三平差程序分析拼接成果，觀察其控制點與檢核點的RMSE，在平面方向約小於10公分，高程方向小於20公分。另外為了不同用途的應用，在影像外方位的求解不僅可透過空三平差程序，直接地理定位亦是一種方法，因此在無人機上搭載POS系統並進行系統率定後，進行直接地理定位解算。最後利用影像工作站檢測經過空三平差的影像拼接成果於製圖的精度，其成果顯示平面方向誤差小於10公分，而高程方向則小於15公分，此成果應能滿足千分之一航測地形圖繪製規範。另一方面以前方交會分析透過直接地理定位求得的影像外方位之定位能力，最後顯示影像拼接成果於直接地理定位於平面方向誤差小於2.5公尺，高程方向誤差則小於4公尺，此成果應能滿足災害調查等應用。

Generally, UAS only can carry one format camera for mapping application due to the limitation of the payload and space. In this study, a multi-camera imaging system including five DSLR cameras with different view angles was proposed for the mapping application, and it was mounted on a high payload fix-wing UAS. Whereas for topographic mapping purpose, the images acquired in a single shot need to be mosaicked as one virtual image, thus the total number of images and unknowns in aerial triangulation can be reduced. An image mosaicking method proposed in the study is a modified projective transformation (MPT) model, where the initial transformation coefficients were estimated from an indoor calibration procedure and were further improved by a series of systematic error correction. In the experiment, the accuracy analyses were estimated through the misregistration residuals, rigorous aerial triangulation, and stereo plotting 3D positioning. Preliminary experimental result shows that the internal accuracy (average length of misregistration residuals) of the mosaicked images is better than 1 pixels. Comparisons among different cameras combinations, five cameras mosaicked image were conducted through rigorous aerial triangulation. It shows the three cameras mosaicked images could reach the mapping accuracy of 1/1000 topographic standard where the five cameras mosaicked image is more suitable for collecting larger ground coverage area for rapidly disaster investigation.

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