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研究生： 溫煌華
Wen, Huang-Hua
論文名稱： 微衛星遙測、追蹤及命令次系統之設計與實現
Design and Implementation of Microsatellite Telemetry,Tracking and Command (TT&C) Subsystem
指導教授： 莊智清
Juang, Jyh-Ching
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 107
中文關鍵詞： 衛星通訊 、鎖相迴路 、調解 、解調
外文關鍵詞： satellite communication, phase-locked loop, modulation, demodulation
相關次數： 點閱：86  下載：11 
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    • 本論文主要敘述低軌道微衛星遙測、追蹤及命令次系統之設計、實現與測試。為了大學自主微衛星之發展，吾人嘗試從通訊系統電路設計、 測試到軟體開發以期許發展出符合CKUTEX(Cheng Kung University Technology EXperimental satellite)通訊規格之次系統。
    本次系統硬體設計架構主要分為三個部份: 信標廣播 (beacon broadcasting)、遙測下傳(telemetry downlink)及遙控指令上傳(telecommand uplink)等電路。其中，信標是以摩斯碼(Morse code)方式廣播，遙測資料使用AX.25協議下傳及遙控指令資料協議是由CKUTEX團隊自訂。在軟體部分則利用可程式微控制器晶片實現操作模式轉換、頻率合成、資料處理及與其他次系統溝通的介面。
    最後，藉由端對端(end-to-end)測試，針對整顆衛星通訊實測情形衡量遙測追蹤及命令次系統效能，並提出適當的解決方案。

    The thesis mainly describes the design, implementation, and test of a low earth orbit microsatellite telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C) subsystem. The research is motivated to design a communication subsystem indigenously for the application to self-reliant microsatellite. In this thesis, circuit design, test as well as software development are performed to comply with the CKUTEX (Cheng Kung University Technology EXperimental satellite) communication requirements.
    The architecture of TT&C subsystem is divided into three parts: beacon broadcasting circuit, telemetry downlink circuit, and telecommand uplink circuit. Beacon broadcasts through Morse code, telemetry data downlinks according to AX.25 protocol, and telecommand data uplinks via self-made protocol by CKUTEX team. In software, a programmable chip is utilized to implement the operations such as mode transition, frequency synthesis, data process as well as communication interface with other subsystems.

    At last, through the end-to-end test, the performance of the whole satellite communication in actual situation is evaluated, and some appropriate solutions are discussed.

    摘 要 I Abstract II Acknowledgement IV Table of Contents V List of Figures VIII List of Tables XII List of abbreviations XIII 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Overview 1 1.2. Motivation 2 1.3. Background 3 1.3.1. Satellite Payloads 5 1.3.2. Satellite Bus 6 1.4. TT&C Subsystem 9 1.4.1 Introduction to TT&C Subsystem 9 1.4.2 TT&C Architecture 10 1.4.3 TT&C Software 12 1.4.4 TT&C Ground Station 14 1.5. Contributions 15 1.6. Organization 15 2. Beacon Circuit 17 2.1. Introduction to Beacon 17 2.2. Beacon Circuit Architecture 17 2.2.1. Phase-locked Loop Circuit 18 2.2.2. PLL Circuit Design 23 2.2.3. Switch Circuit 28 2.2.4. Wilkinsin Power Divider/Combiner Circuit 29 2.3. Beacon Data Format 34 2.4. Beacon Software Process 37 3. Telemetry Circuit 39 3.1. Introduction to Telemetry Downlink 39 3.2. Telemetry Circuit Architecture 39 3.2.1. Modulation Circuit 40 3.2.2. PLL with VCO Circuit 42 3.2.3. PLL with VCO Circuit Design 43 3.2.4. PLL LPF Design 46 3.2.5. Frequency Mixer Circuit 50 3.3. Telemetry Downlink Format 53 3.3.1. Flag Field 53 3.3.2. Address Field 53 3.3.3.Control Field 54 3.3.4.PID Field 54 3.3.5.Information Field 54 3.3.6.FCS Field 55 3.4. Telemetry Downlink Encoding 57 3.4.1. NRZI Encoding 57 3.4.2. Bit Stuffing 58 3.4.3. Frame Delimiting 58 3.5. Telemetry Software Process 59 4. Telecommand Circuit 62 4.1. Introduction to Telecommand Uplink 62 4.2. Telecommand Circuit Architecture 62 4.2.1. Low Noise Amplifier 63 4.2.2. Local Oscillator Circuit 64 4.2.3. Frequency Mixer 66 4.2.4. Demoulation Circuit 67 4.2.4.1. PLL Demodulation Circuit 68 4.2.4.2. PLL Demodulation Design 69 4.2.4.3. FSK Demodulation and Integrated Circuit 72 4.2.5. Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier 74 4.3. Telecommand Uplink Format 76 4.3.1. Flag Field 76 4.3.2. Address Field 76 4.3.3. Control Field 76 4.3.4. Information Field 77 4.3.5. FCS Field 78 4.4. Telecommand Uplink Decoding 79 4.4.1. NRZI Decoding 79 4.4.2. Bit Un-stuffing 79 4.4.3. KISS mode 80 4.5. Telecommand Software Process 82 5. Experiments and Results 84 5.1. End-to-end Communication Test 84 5.2. Test Facilities and Settings 86 5.2.1. CKUTEX Satellite 86 5.2.2. Ground Station 89 5.2.3. Data Center 90 5.3. Test Results 92 6. Conclusions and Future Works 96 6.1. Conclusions 96 6.2. Future Works 97 Reference 99 Appendix A. TT&C subsystem 102 A.1. Hardware 102 A.2. PCB Layout 103 A.3. Pin Assignment 104

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