隨著測繪技術、軟硬體、三維資料標準之發展，三維空間資訊之應用已於日常生活中處處可見，然而在三維空間資訊能被普及建立之時代裡，其背後也延伸出許多課題尚待探討，如以不同測繪技術所產製之三維圖徵常具有不同程度之品質及尺度差異，因此當人類須將不同測繪技術下之三維圖徵進行整合應用時，各圖徵若不具有完整之品質及尺度描述，將可能造成使用者誤用不符應用需求之三維圖徵，降低應用分析成果之精度。以不同軟體之角度來說，各軟體所支援之三維資料格式常有所不一，故為整合不同格式下之三維圖徵，必要的資料轉換策略與對應轉換風險是應明確提出討論之課題，並非完全相信指定轉換軟體所轉換出之成果。以不同三維資料標準來說，各資料標準往往因應不同應用導向設計對應描述架構，故不同標準實際訂定之描述類別、屬性及關係描述策略等將具有一定之異質性，導致三維圖資流通與重複利用之阻礙。針對前述之問題，本研究將以空間觀點重新釐清各類物件之核心描述概念，進而基於此核心描述概念探討三維建物空間描述之基本特性，以歸納一共同三維建物描述架構，其除了將藉以提升三維建物圖徵之自我描述能力，並促進異質來源之三維建物圖徵整合，還仍能依不同應用之發展持續擴充，創造三維建物圖徵延伸應用之可能。

本文首先將重新釐清空間之定義、特性，以建立一空間物件描述之核心概念，再依據此核心概念延伸以十大空間描述之特性分析三維建物空間描述所需之圖徵類別、對應屬性及關係描述，藉以歸納出主要的三維建物描述架構。然而為促進此三維建物描述架構與台灣在地法規、管理機制及建物特性之結合，故在細項設計各類別之描述屬性前，將先整合分析台灣目前所具有之建物相關法規、管理機制及建物特性，釐清其與三維建物描述架構之融合策略，最終產出適用於台灣之三維建物空間模式化規則。此三維建物空間模式化規則實務上將與指定國際三維資料交換標準(CityGML及IFC)進行實際類別對應與差異分析，以說明此模式化策略是否能有效施行於指定國際標準，並實際套用於關聯式資料庫之建立，證明其對於我國建物描述與資料管理之效益。若以本研究所完成之成果來說，其不僅重新釐清空間物件描述之核心概念，且基於十大類特性提出三維建物空間描述架構，以提供資料建置單位有共同規則可循，同時，透過此模式化概念也延伸探討許多建物空間之實際描述案例，如典型台灣建物空間、戶空間及產權空間，藉以當作未來發展之參考方針，促進我國三維空間資訊之概念革新。

With the rapid technology evolution, 3D GIS has been successfully applied in various applications in recent years, such as urban planning, facility management or solar analysis. Although the creation of 3D geospatial data becomes increasingly easier, there remains many challenges before the benefits of 3D GIS can be fully demonstrated. For example, due to the lack of agreement on how 3D phenomena are modelled, the heterogeneity of vendor-based 3D data formats remains a big obstacle to the development of 3D GIS. Meanwhile, the diversity of 3D modeling approaches for creating geospatial data also makes the specification, data quality and applications of 3D geospatial data rather different, hence also tremendously impedes the sharing and interoperable use of 3D data collected by different stakeholders. By arguing the real world can be seen as the aggregation of an indefinite number of “space”, this research proposes a “space-based” approach for modelling the 3D earth phenomena and choose 3D building as the examples to validate the feasibility of the proposed model. This model must have built-in capability to ensure the distinguished characteristics of geospatial data can be formally presented and recorded in a standardized way, such that 3D geospatial data can be easily exchanged and shared among domain stakeholders. We start by examining the essential and necessary information for modelling a primitive space. A common 3D building description model is then extended from this primitive space, where each extended class is further enriched with semantics and thematic attributes according to the described targets. This space-based framework provides the flexibility of extended design and a hierarchical framework to group a number of lower-level spaces into a more complex space. Based on the chosen perspectives, we further compare the proposed 3D building model to two international 3D data standards, namely, CityGML & IFC. The comparative results indicate despite these two standards area widely used, both of them have their respective limitations, such that certain aspects may not be appropriately modeled or information is lost during data exchange. By using the space-based approach on the modelling of various types of buildings in Taiwan, this research further demonstrates the proposed model will not only improve the self-description ability of each classes of 3D building data, but also facilitate the possibility of sharing heterogeneous 3D building data in the SDI environment.

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