現代城市中的人類生活主場景已從開放的戶外空間轉往受到建築物構件約制的室內，加上電腦運算科技日益進步與普及，使得傳統以二維圖像呈現的空間資訊得以由更接近真實場景的三維模型表示，也讓三維室內相關應用成為未來發展的趨勢。國內的地理資訊領域多年以來關注於分析城市規模的地理現象，並常以測繪觀點從室外獲取建物外觀資料，或由地籍產權目的管理建物空間權利歸屬，至於同屬建物資訊的室內環境組成則較少被討論。實際上，近年在建築營建領域有賴於建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, 簡稱BIM)的快速發展，已可提供帶有語意的三維室內建物細節構件模型，不論幾何或屬性皆具備豐富資訊。在考量資料建置成本與重複利用效益的情況下，本研究認為若能將BIM適當提取、轉換至地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System，簡稱GIS)中運作，則有助於打造國內完整的建物模型基礎環境。過往研究對於不同領域間的資料互操作性問題亦提出多樣化的解決方法，而本研究為了提供國內GIS使用者清楚、完整且可依循的資料來源與轉換過程，基礎於ISO 19166的BIM至GIS概念對應框架設計標準化流程，包含其三大轉換機制Perspective Definition(PD)、Element Mapping (EM)及LOD Mapping (LM)，分別探討資料的使用者需求定義、模型元件對應與幾何細緻度層級。首先PD部分，透過分析國內建物相關法規作為基本資料需求，整理條文中對於建物一般、防火設計與消防設備的規範。在EM階段，結合BIM代表性資料交換標準IFC(Industrial Foundation Classes)與廣被使用的三維語意城市模型格式CityGML(City Geographic Markup Language)，比較與分析兩者和法規所列語意物件之間的定義差異且提出對應方法。而LM機制內容則參考CityGML 3.0版本對LOD(Levels of Detail)的規劃，將精度限制作為主要依據，判斷BIM模型幾何可轉換至的細緻度層級。總結以上，本研究架構是由BIM轉換至GIS課題中牽涉到的三項重要國際標準所組成，使轉換過程與成果皆能符合國際發展趨勢。此外，因應國內在資料使用與檢核上常具有特殊指稱或語彙描述需求，本研究整合建物法規條文所定義的在地用語與國際資料格式，設計出適合國內採用的室內建物資料架構，以滿足國內使用者以熟悉的術語進行建物資料之記錄、交換及管理，支援未來發展多來源模型於三維地理資訊領域的整合應用。

Indoor space has become the main scene of people’s daily life especially in modern societies, and 3D indoor spatial information would apparently play an important role for the upcoming smart city application. Nevertheless, most of the development of geographic information system (GIS) in Taiwan has been focusing on the analysis of geographical phenomena in city scale from the perspective of exterior surveying rather than indoor environment. Thanks to the rapid progress of building information modeling (BIM) in recent years, BIM provides semantic 3D building interior model with rich construction details, and thus, brings up the possibility to serve as a useful resource for building the indoor environment in GIS. Previous studies have proposed various approach to solve data interoperability problems between BIM and GIS. ISO 19166 proposed a set of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping mechanisms that formally defines transformation of object information based on user requirements. This research aims to establish 3D building indoor data transformation strategies based on ISO 19166 and Taiwan building specifications, providing Taiwan GIS users with a clear, complete and followable data conversion process when retrieving information from BIM. Following the three major mechanisms in ISO 19166, namely, Perspective Definition (PD), Element Mapping (EM) and LOD Mapping (LM), the definition of user data needs, mapping between elements, and the level of geometric detail were discussed respectively. Firstly, in PD, Taiwan specifications about building general design and fire protection were chosen as the major analysis target with a need of 118 semantic objects and 80 properties. In EM section, study considered the definition from IFC and CityGML and compared with professional terms occurs in Taiwan specifications by their definition in order to suggest proper mapping rules. 40 IFC classes were regarded as possible data sources, while 28 CityGML ADE feature types were designed as output format. Finally, for LM, the latest level of detail (LOD) concepts in CityGML 3.0 were adopted and its accuracy restrictions determines the available LOD from BIM model geometry. To sum up, the research successfully integrates three important international standards and demonstrates the conversion of BIM to GIS, so that the process and results can conform to the international development trend. In addition, in response to the need for special designations or vocabulary descriptions in the use and verification of data in Taiwan, study integrates local terminologies and international data formats defined by building specifications to design an indoor building data structure suitable for GIS use. The transformation result under such scope could help Taiwan GIS model users to record, exchange and manage 3D building data for the support of developing integrated indoor environment applications.

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