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研究生：	呂心惟 Lu, Hsin-Wei
論文名稱：	超薄陽極緩衝層與不同發光層製作於有機發光二極體之探討 Investigation of the effects of Ultra-Thin Anode Buffer Layer and Emission Layer on Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
指導教授：	朱聖緣 Chu, Sheng-Yuan
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	81
中文關鍵詞：	陽極緩衝層、有機發光二極體
外文關鍵詞：	anode buffer layers, OLEDs
相關次數：	點閱：59 下載：5
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有機發光二極體近年來備受關注應用於固態照明、平面顯示器...等，相較於LCD和LED，其具有低操作電壓、廣視角、高對比、輕薄、高應答速度、全彩、可撓式以及成本低等優點。因此，許多研究探討改善其元件結構以及了解其操作機制。本研究利用增加載子注入效率以及使用不同元件結構調整載子的特性來改進整體元件之效率。
首先利用各種不同濃度和厚度的摻雜金屬氧化物和稀土氟化物之超薄緩衝層熱蒸鍍於ITO基板上並利用紫外光臭氧處理，藉此來探討其對於元件載子注入特性的影響。當緩衝層濃度和厚度達最佳化時，元件的驅動電壓降低、亮度和電流效率增加且同時可消除共振穿隧效應。利用X射線和紫外線光電子光譜儀來測定其表面能量化來研究其接面特性以及功函數；利用接觸角量測表面薄膜，計算其表面能和表面極性；利用原子力顯示器量測表面粗糙度；利用阻抗分析量測出電容及電導，接著計算出串聯電阻。由以上的量測結果可以知道加入一層紫外光臭氧處理過之緩衝層可以大幅提升元件之表現。
接著我們利用不同緩衝層的最佳參數製作於熱活化型延遲螢光(TADF) OLEDs，由於發光層的不同，其中一種為單一發光層，另一種為主客體發光層，因此我們探討其緩衝層對不同OLEDs造成的影響和結果。

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention for application in solid-state lighting and ﬂat-panel displays. In contrast to liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), OLEDs have advantages such as low-voltage operation, wide viewing angles, high contrast, lower weigh, fast response, full color, flexibility, and low cost. Therefore, many researches were discussed to improve performance and to understand the operating mechanisms. In this thesis, we focus on improving the device performance by modifying anode and inserting anode buffer layers, and applications on WOLEDs and TADF OLEDs.
At first part, we used various concentrations and thicknesses anode buffer layers of the metal-doped metal oxide and rare earth fluoride deposited on the ITO substrates and then subjected to the UV-ozone treatment, and to discuss the effect on the hole injection properties of OLEDs. The optimal concentration and thickness of anode buffer layer which the performance such as turn-on voltage, luminance and current efficiency were significantly improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer were measured binding energy spectra of molecules and work function, respectively. Contact angle measurement was measured the surface energy and polarity; AFM was measured the surface roughness; admittance spectroscopy measurement was measured the capacitance and conductance, then to calculate the sheet resistance. Above measurements results, we can know inserting anode buffer layer after the UV-ozone treatment between ITO and hole transporting layer was significantly improved performance of OLEDs.
Lastly, we used above the optimal anode buffer layers application on TADF OLEDs. We discussed the different affect and performance about the emission mechanism.

Abstract	III
中文摘要	IV
誌謝	V
List of Journal Paper Publications	VI
Table of Contents	VIII
List of Figures	XII
List of Tables	XVII
Chapter 1：Introduction	1
1 Interface between electrode and organic material	1
2 Carriers balance and confine in OLEDs	3
Chapter 2：Theory and literature review	5
1 Basic concepts of OLEDs	5
1.1 Structures of OLEDs	5
1.2 Principles of OLED Operation	6
2. Energy transfer [54, 55]	11
2.1 Radiative energy transfer	11
2.2 Förster energy transfer	11
2.3 Dexter energy transfer	12
2.4 Annihilation	12
3 The charge injection mechanism in buffer layer	15
4 Fundamental of Thermal Active Delay Fluorescence [46-52, 58]	16
5 Fundamental of surface energy [59]	17
6 Fundamental of admittance spectroscopy	20
Chapter 3：Experimental procedure	22
1 Device fabrication of organic light-emitting devices	22
1.1 Substrate cleaning procedures	22
1.2 MnO-doped ZnO, Li2CO3-doped NiO and Al2O3-doped ZnO powders  preparation	22
1.3 OLEDs configuration	23
1.4 OLEDs fabrication	23
2 Thermal evaporating system	24
3 Measurement of OLEDs properties	25
3.1 Measurement of OLEDs characteristics	25
3.2 Measurement metal oxide and rare earth fluoride film characteristics	26
Chapter 4：Improve the hole-injection and power efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes using an ultra-thin anode buffer layer	27
1 The effects of UV-ozone-treated ultra-thin MnO-doped ZnO film as anode buffer layer on the electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes	27
1.1 Electro-optical characteristics analysis	27
1.2 XPS analysis	28
1.3 Work function analysis	29
1.4 Contact angle measurement and surface energy analysis	30
1.5 AFM analysis	31
1.6 Admittance spectroscopy	31
2 The effects of UV-ozone treated ultra-thin Li2CO3-doped NiO film as the anode buffer layer on the electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes	38
2.1 Electro-optical characteristics analysis	38
2.2 XPS analysis	39
2.3 Work function analysis	40
2.4 Contact angle measurement and surface energy analysis	40
2.5 AFM analysis	41
2.6 Admittance spectroscopy analysis	41
3 The effects of ultra-thin cerium ﬂuoride film as the anode buffer layer on the electrical characteristics of organic light emitting diodes	47
3.1 Electro-optical characteristics analysis	47
3.2 XPS analysis	47
3.3 Work function analysis	48
3.4 Contact angle measurement and surface energy analysis	48
3.5 AFM analysis	49
3.6 Admittance spectroscopy analysis	49
4 Effects of Ultra-Thin Al2O3-Doped ZnO Film as Anode Buffer Layer Grown by Thermal Evaporation for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes	54
4.1 Electro-optical characteristics analysis	54
4.2 XPS analysis	55
4.3 Work function analysis	57
4.4 Contact angle measurement and surface energy analysis	57
4.5 AFM analysis	58
4.6 Transmittance	59
4.7 Admittance spectroscopy analysis	59
5 Summary of OLEDs with various UV-ozone treated ultra-thin anode buffer layer	66
Chapter 5：UV-ozone treated ultra-thin anode buffer layer application on TADF organic light-emitting diodes	79
1 The effects of UV-ozone treated ultra-thin anode buffer layer on the electrical characteristics of TADF organic light-emitting diodes	79
1.1 Electro-optical characteristics analysis	79
1.2 Admittance spectroscopy analysis	80
1.3 Previous measurement	80
2 Summary of ultra-thin anode buffer layer application on TADF OLEDs	85
Chapter 6：Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Work	86
1 Conclusions	86
1.1 Ultra-thin anode buffer layer on OLEDs	86
1.2 Ultra-thin anode buffer layer on TADF OLEDs	86
2 Suggestions for Future Work	87
References	88

                                    

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