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研究生: 張瑞譽
Chang, Jui-YU
論文名稱: 使用多重取樣的高動態範圍CMOS影像感測器
Wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with multiple sampling
指導教授: 賴源泰
Lai, Yen-Tai
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 62
中文關鍵詞: 數位畫素感測器CMOS 影像感測高動態範圍
外文關鍵詞: digital pixel sensor, high dynamic range, CMOS image sensor
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  • 近年來,許多文獻提出對數響應較符合人眼的特性,而影像感測器的動態範圍是為最大未飽和訊號和最小可偵測訊號的比值,在影像感測器中是一個重要的參數。因此具有高動態範圍並且具有對數響應的影像感測器是許多人研究的目標,然而為了完成以上的目標,往往須增加硬體複雜度。
    在本篇論文中,我們在數位畫素感測器的架構中,提出新的多重取樣方法。其畫素的輸出為數位的格式,所以使得畫素具有較高的讀取速度。因此這個新的多重取樣方式具有高動態範圍、具有近似對數響應、降低硬體複雜度和高速取樣的能力的優點。

    Recently, many papers proposed the characteristic of the logarithmic output response was suitable to human eye’s sensitivity. Dynamic range is the ratio of the largest
    non-saturating signal to the smallest detectable signal, which is a critical figure of merit for image sensor. Hence the CMOS image sensor which has high dynamic range and logarithmic output response are many people’s objectives. But in order to complete the above objectives, the complex of the hardware often increase.
    In this thesis, we proposed a novel multiple sampling scheme based on the architecture of the digital pixel sensor (DPS). The output from the pixel is digital format.
    This will lead to very high readout speed. This novel sampling scheme has the advantages of high dynamic range, logarithmic output response, lower complexity of the hardware and high speed capturing simultaneously.

    Chapter 1.................................................1 1.1 Background............................................1 1.2 The Motivation .......................................3 1.3 Organization of The Thesis ...........................4 Chapter 2.................................................5 2.1 Brief History of Image Sensors .......................5 2.2 Imaging System .......................................7 2.3 Pixel Structures......................................9 2.3.1 Passive Pixel Sensor(PPS) .......................10 2.3.2 Active Pixel Sensor(APS).........................11 2.3.3 Digital Pixel Sensor(DPS) .......................12 2.4 Parameters and Non-ideality of CMOS Image Sensor ....14 Chapter 3................................................17 3.1 Nonlinear Characteristic ............................17 3.1.1 The Gamma Output Response..........................18 3.1.2 The Logarithmic Output Response ...................19 3.2 Digital Pixel Sensor’s Architecture ................20 3.3 Summary..............................................33 Chapter 4................................................34 4.1 Design Concepts......................................34 4.1.1 Dynamic Range Estimation...........................40 4.2 Implementation...................................... 42 4.2.1 Pixel..............................................44 4.2.2 Digital Control Circuit ...........................46 4.3 Experimental Results ................................54 Chapter 5................................................59 References...............................................60

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