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研究生: 陳威智
Chen, Wei-Chih
論文名稱: 直流無刷馬達驅動控制晶片研製
Design and Implementation of a Drive IC for Brushless DC Motors
指導教授: 鄭銘揚
Cheng, Ming-Yang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 135
中文關鍵詞: 直流無刷馬達馬達驅動與控制FPGA馬達驅動晶片設計
外文關鍵詞: Brushless DC Motor(BLDC), Motor Drive and Control, Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), Design of Motor drive IC
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  • 直流無刷馬達由於其高功率密度、壽命長及高效率等特性,在節能減碳的潮流下,逐漸取代有刷馬達而被廣泛使用。本論文針對直流無刷馬達控制與驅動端設計了一顆專用晶片,包含驅動控制中所需之控制迴路方塊、換相邏輯與其他周邊模組,並透過現場可程式邏輯陣列(FPGA)驗證此IP功能。本論文使用之驗證方法有二,一為使用MATLAB/Simulink與FPGA做軟硬體混合模擬驗證,二為實際燒錄至FPGA中,並搭配功率後級變頻器電路與無刷直流馬達進行實作驗證。於驗證結果無誤後,進行晶片設計中的後段工程,實際製作成專用積體電路(ASIC) 。若能大量使用,與傳統使用微控制器之解決方案相比,ASIC可減少馬達驅動成本與開發複雜度。
    本論文結合了馬達驅動、伺服控制及IC設計技術,自系統層次理論分析到晶片電路實作,完成晶片佈局與馬達控制驅動之各項相關硬體電路設計。實作與模擬結果皆顯示本論文所設計之IC具有良好性能,可實際應用於直流無刷馬達驅動器實作。

    Due to its attractive features such as high power density, long duration and high efficiency, the Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) has gradually replaced the conventional brush DC motor and has been widely used in home appliances, office equipment, industrial applications and vehicles, and more. This thesis designs an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that can be used in motor control and drive application. The ASIC designed in this thesis includes all the necessary circuit blocks such as switching algorithm, controllers, and peripheral modules. In addition, all the functionalities are verified by using the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Moreover, two methods are used in this thesis to verify the designed IP. One is to perform MATLAB/Simulink and FPGA Co-Simulation, the other is to download the IP into an FPGA and conduct the experimental verification on a BLDCM and its inverter circuit. After the verifications are completed, one can focus on the back-end engineering in IC design flow, and then proceed to make a real chip. If the demand of ASICs reaches a certain level, compared with traditional microcontroller based solutions, the ASIC based solution can reduce the cost and complexity when implementing a BLDC motor drive.
    In summary, this thesis focuses on combining the techniques related to BLDC motor drive, servo control and IC design. In particular, all necessary works for the implementation of a BLDC motor drive ASIC such as system-level simulation, theoretical analysis, circuit design, and chip layout have been completed. Both simulation and experimental results show that the ASIC developed in this thesis exhibits satisfactory performance. It suggests the ASIC developed in this thesis is a suitable solution for utilizing the BLDC motor drive.

    第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與發展概況 1 1.2 研究目的與方法 2 1.2.1 研究目的: 2 1.2.2 文獻回顧: 2 1.2.3 研究方法: 3 1.3 論文架構 4 第二章 直流無刷馬達與IC設計流程介紹 6 2.1 電動機的種類與比較 6 2.2 直流無刷馬達介紹 13 2.2.1 直流無刷馬達數學模型 13 2.2.2 無刷馬達機械構造 16 2.2.3 直流無刷馬達與有刷馬達、感應馬達之比較 18 2.2.4 直流無刷馬達整體架構 20 2.3 永磁同步馬達驅動方法 21 2.3.1 六步方波120度導通 22 2.3.2 六步方波180度導通 25 2.3.3 弦波電流驅動 27 2.4 積體電路設計流程 29 2.4.1 積體電路設計與製造流程 29 2.4.2 硬體描述語言 32 2.4.3 應用導向晶片設計 33 2.4.4 現場可程式邏輯陣列(FPGA)介紹 34 2.5 應用於馬達驅動之控制元件比較 35 2.5.1 各種控制元件介紹 35 2.5.2 控制元件比較 38 第三章 馬達控制晶片設計 39 3.1 伺服控制系統 40 3.1.1 控制系統模型 41 3.1.2 電流迴路 42 3.1.3 速度迴路 43 3.1.4 位置迴路 44 3.2 電腦模擬建立 45 3.2.1 直流無刷馬達模型 45 3.2.2 電壓源變頻器 46 3.2.3 開迴路控制模擬 47 3.3馬達驅動數位電路設計 52 3.3.1 整體架構與腳位規劃 52 3.3.2 PWM模組 54 3.3.3 切換策略模組 56 3.3.4 前饋控制模組 60 3.3.5 速度估測模組 61 3.3.6 數位濾波器 63 3.3.7 Deadband模組 64 3.4 控制器電路設計 65 3.4.1 PID控制基本原理 65 3.4.2 增量式PID控制 67 3.5 MATLAB-FPGA軟硬體混合模擬 71 3.5.1 SMIMS VeriLink平台介紹 72 3.5.2 直流無刷馬達開迴路混合模擬 73 3.5.3 直流無刷馬達閉迴路混合模擬 78 3.5.4 控制器設計之討論 81 第四章 系統架構與實驗結果 84 4.1 實驗系統架構 84 4.2 FPGA IP驗證平台介紹 84 4.2.1 友晶DE2-70 FPGA開發板簡介 85 4.2.2 北瀚科技VLA-1C12簡介 86 4.3馬達功率驅動級設計 88 4.3.1 功率開關元件 89 4.3.2開關驅動電路 91 4.3.3靴帶電路設計 93 4.3.4類比與數位轉換介面設計 94 4.4 FPGA IP測試結果 94 4.5 無刷直流馬達驅動實驗結果 99 第五章 電路合成與晶片實現 104 5.1 晶片設計流程與軟體介紹 104 5.1.1 電路合成 105 5.1.2 可測試電路設計 106 5.1.3 電路自動佈局與繞線 107 5.1.4 晶片實現流程 108 5.2 馬達驅動控制晶片之電路合成 109 5.2.1 下線版本之馬達驅動晶片 109 5.2.2 馬達驅動晶片合成結果 110 5.3 馬達驅動控制晶片佈局 116 5.3.1 晶片腳位規劃與PAD選用 116 5.3.2 馬達驅動IC佈局 118 5.4馬達驅動IC功能比較 121 第六章 結論與未來研究建議 123 6.1 結論 123 6.2 未來研究建議 123 參考文獻 125 附錄 132

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