In the rapidly evolving landscape of entrepreneurship and technological advancements, the right mindset and response to face both the benefit and challenges of these technologies presents a compelling area of inquiry. With the unexpected rise of generative AI, which has unforeseen implications, understanding how entrepreneurs navigate and respond to such transformative events becomes increasingly significant. The unique beliefs and values inherent in Christian religion can shape entrepreneurial product development and their overall well-being in the midst of AI emergence. Investigating the interplay between Christian religion and the disruptive force of AI sheds light on the complex dynamic that influence product development, subjective well-being, and the ability to thrive amidst unforeseen challenges.
This study seeks to shed light on the intricate dynamics that shape entrepreneur’s new product development and subjective well-being within the context of Christian values while faced with the rise of generative AI. Through a rigorous examination of this complex relationship, we aim to enhance our understanding of how Christian entrepreneurs can effectively harness their beliefs to thrive amidst unexpected technological disruptions. Thus, the moderating effects of religious commitment and event strength are investigated. In addition, as understanding the nuances of stress tolerance among entrepreneurs from different religious backgrounds is of utmost significance in today’s diverse business landscape, we investigate the variations in stress tolerance between Christian and Buddhist entrepreneurs. The conceptual framework includes three theories: theory of basic human values, self-determination theory, and event system theory. Our study collected a sample of 208 SME entrepreneurs from Indonesia and Taiwan, where Christianity and entrepreneurship has a rapid development. PROCESS Macro was used for testing the hypothesis. The findings clarify that (I) Christian entrepreneurs have higher levels of subjective well-being compared to non-Christian entrepreneurs (II) Christian entrepreneurs have lower levels of new product novelty compared to non-Christian entrepreneurs (III) event strength diminishes the positive relationship between Christian entrepreneurs and subjective well-being (IV) event strength strengthens the negative relationship between Christian entrepreneurs and new product novelty (V) religious commitment strengthens the positive relationship between Christian entrepreneurs and subjective well-being (VI) religious commitment diminishes the negative relationship between Christian entrepreneurs and new product novelty (VII) The stress tolerance of Buddhist entrepreneurs is significantly higher than Christian entrepreneurs. Limitations and future research suggestions will be explained in the last part of research.

Aldrich, H. E., & Martinez, M. A. (2001). Many are called, but few are chosen: An evolutionary perspective for the study of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(4), 41-56.
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357.
Amit, R., MacCrimmon, K. R., Zietsma, C., & Oesch, J. M. (2001). Does money matter?: Wealth attainment as the motive for initiating growth-oriented technology ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 119-143.
Audretsch, Bönte, W., & Tamvada, J. P. (2007). Religion and entrepreneurship. Jena Economic Research Paper 1-28. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1025968
Audretsch, Bönte, W., & Tamvada, J. P. (2013). Religion, social class, and entrepreneurial choice. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 774-789.
Badcock, G. D. (1998). The way of life: A theology of Christian vocation. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
Bakke, D. W. (2010). Joy at work: A revolutionary approach to fun on the job. Seattle: PVG.
Balog, A. M., Baker, L. T., & Walker, A. G. (2014). Religiosity and spirituality in entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 11(2), 159-186.
Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage? Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665.
Baron, R. A. (2010). Job design and entrepreneurship: Why closer connections= mutual gains. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2/3), 370-378.
Beard, A., & Neubert, M. J. (2013). Entrepreneurs feel closer to god than the rest of us do, 91, 32-33.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588.
Bernard-Fisher, J. (2000). Religious commitment as a correlate of mental health and life satisfaction among Black American families. (Doctoral Thesis), Andrews University, USA.
Birenbaum, M., Alhija, F. N.-A., Shilton, H., Kimron, H., Rosanski, R., & Shahor, N. (2019). A further look at the five-dimensional curiosity construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 149(0), 57-65.
Bock, D. E., Wolter, J. S., & Ferrell, O. (2020). Artificial intelligence: disrupting what we know about services. Journal of Services Marketing, 34(3), 317-334.
Bornstein, B. H., & Miller, M. K. (2009). Does a judge’s religion influence decision making? Court Review: The Journal of the American Judges Association, 45(3), 112-115.
Brach, T. (2004). Radical acceptance: Embracing your life with the heart of a Buddha: Bantam.
Brambilla, M., Assor, A., Manzi, C., & Regalia, C. (2015). Autonomous versus controlled religiosity: Family and group antecedents. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 25(3), 193-210.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.
Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.-A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165-180.
Bughin, J., Chui, M., & McCarthy, B. (2017). What every CEO needs to know to succeed with AI. Retrieved 4 August, from https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-blog/what-every-ceo-needs-to-know-to-succeed-with-ai
Bylund, P. L., & Packard, M. D. (2022). Subjective value in entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 58(3), 1243-1260.
Byrne, Morton, D. M., & Dahling, J. J. (2011). Spirituality, religion, and emotional labor in the workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(4), 299-315. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2011.630169
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International Journal of Testing, 1(1), 55-86.
Canhoto, A. I., & Clear, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence and machine learning as business tools: A framework for diagnosing value destruction potential. Business Horizons, 63(2), 183-193.
Carson, J. B., Tesluk, P. E., & Marrone, J. A. (2007). Shared leadership in teams: An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance. Academy of management Journal, 50(5), 1217-1234.
Cash, K. C., & Gray, G. R. (2000). A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(3), 124-133.
Casson, M. (1982). The entrepreneur: An economic theory: Rowman & Littlefield.
Castelli, M., Manzoni, L., & Popovič, A. (2016). An artificial intelligence system to predict quality of service in banking organizations. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2016.
Chakrabarti, A., & Khadilkar, P. (2003). A measure for assessing product novelty. Paper presented at the DS 31: Proceedings of ICED 03, the 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, Stockholm.
Chalmers, D., MacKenzie, N. G., & Carter, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship: Implications for venture creation in the fourth industrial revolution. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 1028-1053.
Chamberlain, G. L. (2012). The evolution of business as a Christian calling. In B. C. Okonkwo (Ed.), Finding meaning in business: Theology, ethics, and vocation. New York: Springer.
Chen, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-L., & Chu, P.-Y. (2013). Facilitators of national innovation policy in a SME-dominated country: A case study of Taiwan. Innovation, 15(4), 405-415.
Chidester, D. (2001). Christianity: A global history: Penguin UK.
Choi. (2010). Religious institutions and ethnic entrepreneurship: The Korean ethnic church as a small business incubator. Economic Development Quarterly, 24(4), 372-383.
Choi, & Gray, E. (2010). Values-centered entrepreneurs and their companies. New York: Routledge.
Chow, J. C., Sanders, L., & Li, K. (2023). Impact of ChatGPT on medical chatbots as a disruptive technology. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6(0), 1-4.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
Conze, E. (2003). Buddhist meditation. New York: Courier Corporation.
Cooper, R. G. (2011). Winning at new products: Creating value through innovation: Basic Books.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Dana. (1995). Entrepreneurship in a remote sub-Arctic community. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 20(1), 57-72.
Dana. (2009). Religion as an explanatory variable for entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 10(2), 87-99.
Dasgupta, S. (1994). Creativity in invention and design. Australia: Cambridge university press.
Davenport, T. H. (2018). The AI advantage: How to put the artificial intelligence revolution to work. England: mit Press.
Decharms, R. (1981). 10 – PERSONAL CAUSATION AND LOCUS OF CONTROL: Two Different Traditions and Two Uncorrelated Measures.
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(0), 19-43.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182.
Delbecq, A. L. (1999). Christian spirituality and contemporary business leadership. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4), 345-354.
Deller, S. C., Conroy, T., & Markeson, B. (2018). Social capital, religion and small business activity. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 155(0), 365-381.
Deng, & Lin, Y. (2022). The benefits and challenges of ChatGPT: An overview. Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2(2), 81-83.
Deng, C., Yang, J., Su, Z., & Zhang, S. (2021). The double-edged sword impact of effectuation on new product creativity: The moderating role of competitive intensity and firm size. Journal of Business Research, 137(0), 1-12.
Diaz, J. D. (2000). Religion and gambling in sin-city: A statistical analysis of the relationship between religion and gambling patterns in Las Vegas residents. The Social Science Journal, 37(3), 453-458.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin, 95(3), 542.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253-260.
Dodd, S. D., & Gotsis, G. (2007). The interrelationships between entrepreneurship and religion. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 8(2), 93-104.
Dodd, S. D., & Seaman, P. T. (1998). Religion and enterprise: An introductory exploration. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 23(1), 71-86.
Drucker, P., & Maciariello, J. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Routledge.
Durkheim, E., & Swain, J. W. (2008). The elementary forms of the religious life. New York: Courier Corporation.
Ellison. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32(1), 80-99.
Ellison, Gay, D. A., & Glass, T. A. (1989). Does religious commitment contribute to individual life satisfaction? Social Forces, 68(1), 100-123.
Emmett, R. B. (2010). Frank H. Knight on the Entrepreneur Function in Modern Enterprise. Seattle UL rev., 34(4), 1139.
Ettlie, J. E., & Pavlou, P. A. (2006). Technology‐based new product development partnerships. Decision Sciences, 37(2), 117-147.
Fang, E. (2008). Customer participation and the trade-off between new product innovativeness and speed to market. Journal of Marketing, 72(4), 90-104.
Fayolle, A. (2007). Entrepreneurship and new value creation: The dynamic of the entrepreneurial process: Cambridge university press.
Feijóo, C., Kwon, Y., Bauer, J. M., Bohlin, E., Howell, B., Jain, R., . . . Xia, J. (2020). Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6), 101988.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi: 10.2307/3151312
Fowler, J. W. (1996). Faithful change: The personal and public challenges of postmodern life: Abingdon Press.
Freeman, R. B. (1986). Who escapes? The relation of churchgoing and other background factors to the socioeconomic performance of black male youths from inner-city tracts. In H. J. Holzer (Ed.), The Black youth employment crisis (pp. 353-376): University of Chicago Press.
Gadgil, D. R., & Namjoshi, M. (1959). Origins of the modern Indian business class: An interim report.
Galbraith, C. S., & Galbraith, D. M. (2007). An empirical note on entrepreneurial activity, intrinsic religiosity and economic growth. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 1(2), 188-201.
Geertz, C., & Banton, M. (1966). Religion as a cultural system.
Gelderen, M. V. (2016). Entrepreneurial autonomy and its dynamics. Applied psychology, 65(3), 541-567.
Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2012). Focus on opportunities as a mediator of the relationship between business owners' age and venture growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 127-142.
Girasa, R. (2020). Artificial intelligence as a disruptive technology: Economic transformation and government regulation: Springer Nature.
Goldstein, J. (2002). One dharma: The emerging western Buddhism.
Goldstein, J., & Kornfield, J. (2001). Seeking the heart of wisdom: The path of insight meditation: Shambhala Publications.
Goossen, R. J. (2006). The Christian entrepreneur: Worthy of his calling. Journal of Faith in Business Quarterly, 10(3), 5-10.
Grabovac, A. D., Lau, M. A., & Willett, B. R. (2011). Mechanisms of mindfulness: A Buddhist psychological model. Mindfulness, 2(0), 154-166.
Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 54(1), 73-96.
Griebel, J. M., Park, J. Z., & Neubert, M. J. (2014). Faith and work: An exploratory study of religious entrepreneurs. Religions, 5(3), 780-800.
Gursoy, D., Altinay, L., & Kenebayeva, A. (2017). Religiosity and entrepreneurship behaviours. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 67, 87-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.08.005
Gursoy, D., Li, Y., & Song, H. (2023). ChatGPT and the hospitality and tourism industry: An overview of current trends and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(5), 579-592.
Hahn, V. C., Frese, M., Binnewies, C., & Schmitt, A. (2012). Happy and proactive? The role of hedonic and eudaimonic well–being in business owners’ personal initiative. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 97-114.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., & Babin, B. J. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective: Pearson Education.
Hanh, T. N. (2002). Teachings on love: Parallax Press.
Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern factor analysis: University of Chicago press.
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford publications.
Henley, A. (2016). Does religion influence entrepreneurial behaviour? International Small Business Journal, 35(5). doi: 10.1177/0266242616656748
Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2010). ‘A very complicated version of freedom’: Conditions and experiences of creative labour in three cultural industries. Poetics, 38(1), 4-20.
Higginson, R., & Robertshaw, K. (2019). A Voice to Be Heard: Christian Entrepreneurs Living Out Their Faith. UK: IVP.
Hilary, G., & Hui, K. W. (2009). Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America? Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3), 455-473.
Hirschman, E. C. (1980). Innovativeness, novelty seeking, and consumer creativity. Journal of Consumer Research, 7(3), 283-295.
Hoffman, A. J., & Ocasio, W. (2001). Not all events are attended equally: Toward a middle-range theory of industry attention to external events. Organization Science, 12(4), 414-434.
Hoon, C.-Y. (2013). Between evangelism and multiculturalism: The dynamics of Protestant Christianity in Indonesia. Social Compass, 60(4), 457-470.
Hu, L. t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Ibrahim, N. A., Rue, L. W., McDougall, P. P., & Greene, G. R. (1991). Characteristics and practices of “Christian-based” companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 123-132.
Im, S., & Workman Jr, J. P. (2004). Market orientation, creativity, and new product performance in high-technology firms. Journal of Marketing, 68(2), 114-132.
Inie, N., Falk, J., & Tanimoto, S. (2023). Designing Participatory AI: Creative Professionals’ Worries and Expectations about Generative AI. Paper presented at the Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., Kim, K. A., & Zhang, M. (2015). Family-firm risk-taking: Does religion matter? Journal of Corporate Finance, 33(0), 260-278.
Joyner, B. E., Payne, D., & Raiborn, C. A. (2002). Building values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility into the developing organization. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 113.
Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356.
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(38), 16489-16493.
Kapstein, M. T. (2005). The Buddhist refusal of theism. Diogenes, 52(1), 61-65.
Kashdan, T. B., Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., & Naughton, C. (2018). The five dimensions of curiosity. Harvard Business Review, 96(5), 58-60.
Kashdan, T. B., & Silvia, P. J. (2009). Curiosity and interest: The benefits of thriving on novelty and challenge. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology.
Katz, J. A. (1992). A psychosocial cognitive model of employment status choice. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 29-37.
Kauanui, S. K., Thomas, K. D., Rubens, A., & Sherman, C. L. (2010). Entrepreneurship and spirituality: A comparative analysis of entrepreneurs’ motivation. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 23(4), 621-635. doi: 10.1080/08276331.2010.10593505
Kautonen, T., Kibler, E., & Minniti, M. (2017). Late-career entrepreneurship, income and quality of life. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), 318-333.
Khamis, R., Hamdan, A. M., & Elali, W. (2015). The relationship between ownership structure dimensions and corporate performance: Evidence from Bahrain. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 9(4), 38-56.
Kim, A. E. (2003). Religious influences on personal and societal well-being. Social Indicators Research, 62(0), 149-170.
King Kauanui, S., Thomas, K. D., Sherman, C. L., Ross Waters, G., & Gilea, M. (2010). An exploration of entrepreneurship and play. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 23(1), 51-70.
Kinjerski, V. M., & Skrypnek, B. J. (2004). Defining spirit at work: Finding common ground. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(1), 26-42. doi: 10.1108/09534810410511288
Kluckhohn, C. (1951). Values and value-orientations in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification Toward a general theory of action: Harvard university press.
Knight, F. (2013). Risk, uncertainty and profit: Martino Fine Books.
Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning: A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religions. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 771-806.
Lam, L. W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople's commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(9), 1328-1334. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.026
Lasry, J. C. (1982). Une diaspora francophone au Quebec: les Juifs sépharades. Questions de culture, 2(0), 113-138.
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. (1995). The need to belong. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (1994). An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19(1), 51-89.
Leonard‐Barton, D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S1), 111-125.
Levesque, M., & Minniti, M. (2006). The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of business venturing, 21(2), 177-194.
Levin, S., & Wong, J. C. (2018). Self-driving Uber kills Arizona woman in first fatal crash involving pedestrian. Retrieved 4 August, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/19/uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe
Lin, W., Shao, Y., Li, G., Guo, Y., & Zhan, X. (2021). The psychological implications of COVID-19 on employee job insecurity and its consequences: The mitigating role of organization adaptive practices. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(3), 317.
Liu, Z., Xu, Z., Zhou, Z., & Li, Y. (2019). Buddhist entrepreneurs and new venture performance: The mediating role of entrepreneurial risk-taking. Small Business Economics, 52, 713-727.
Longenecker, J. G., McKinney, J. A., & Moore, C. W. (2004). Religious intensity, evangelical Christianity, and business ethics: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 55(0), 371-384.
Longenecker, J. G., & Schoen, J. E. (1975). The essence of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management 13(3), 26.
Malloch, T. R. (2008). Spiritual enterprise: Doing virtuous business: Encounter Books New York.
Mandapuram, M., Gutlapalli, S. S., Bodepudi, A., & Reddy, M. (2018). Investigating the prospects of generative artificial intelligence. Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 5(2), 167-174.
Mathras, D., Cohen, A. B., Mandel, N., & Mick, D. G. (2016). The effects of religion on consumer behavior: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(2), 298-311.
McCleary, R. M., & Barro, R. J. (2006). Religion and economy. Journal of Economic perspectives, 20(2), 49-72.
Miller. (2000). Going to hell in Asia: The relationship between risk and religion in a cross cultural setting. Review of Religious Research, 42(1), 5-18.
Miller, & Ewest, T. (2013). Rethinking the impact of religion on business values: Understanding Its reemergence and measuring Its manifestations. In S. Rothlin & P. Haghirian (Eds.), Dimensions of Teaching Business Ethics in Asia.
Miller, & Hoffmann, J. P. (1995). Risk and religion: An explanation of gender differences in religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34(1), 63-75.
Mishra, P., Singh, U., Pandey, C. M., Mishra, P., & Pandey, G. (2019). Application of student's t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia, 22(4), 407.
Moorman, C. (1995). Organizational market information processes: Cultural antecedents and new product outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(3), 318-335.
Moreira-Almeida, A., Lotufo Neto, F., & Koenig, H. G. (2006). Religiousness and mental health: A review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 28(3), 242-250.
Morgeson, F. P. (2005). The external leadership of self-managing teams: intervening in the context of novel and disruptive events. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 497.
Morgeson, F. P., & DeRue, D. S. (2006). Event criticality, urgency, and duration: Understanding how events disrupt teams and influence team leader intervention. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 271-287.
Morgeson, F. P., Mitchell, T. R., & Liu, D. (2015). Event system theory: An event-oriented approach to the organizational sciences. Academy of Management Review, 40(4), 515-537.
Morris. (2023). Scientists' Perspectives on the Potential for Generative AI in their Fields. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.01420.
Morris, & Schindehutte, M. (2005). Entrepreneurial values and the ethnic enterprise: An examination of six subcultures. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(4), 453-479. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2005.00147.x
Murnieks, C. Y., Arthurs, J. D., Cardon, M. S., Farah, N., Stornelli, J., & Haynie, J. M. (2020). Close your eyes or open your mind: Effects of sleep and mindfulness exercises on entrepreneurs' exhaustion. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(2), 105918.
Naldi, L., Nordqvist, M., Sjöberg, K., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation, risk taking, and performance in family firms. Family business review, 20(1), 33-47.
Nash, L. L. (2005). Believers in Business: Campus Crusade Asia Limited.
Niebuhr, H. R. (1999). The responsible self: An essay in Christian moral philosophy: Westminster John Knox Press.
Noble, D. F. (2013). The religion of technology: The divinity of man and the spirit of invention. New York: Alfred A. Konpf.
Nwankwo, S., Gbadamosi, A., & Ojo, S. (2012). Religion, spirituality and entrepreneurship: The church as entrepreneurial space among British Africans. Society and Business Review, 7(2), 149-167.
Obschonka, M., & Audretsch, D. B. (2020). Artificial intelligence and big data in entrepreneurship: A new era has begun. Small Business Economics, 55(3), 529-539.
Olga, A., Saini, A., Zapata, G., Searsmith, D., Cope, B., Kalantzis, M., . . . da Silva, R. A. (2023). Generative AI: Implications and Applications for Education. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.07605.
Palmer, M. (1971). The application of psychological testing to entrepreneurial potential. California Management Review, 13(3), 32-38.
Pannu, A. (2015). Artificial intelligence and its application in different areas. Artificial Intelligence, 4(10), 79-84.
Pargament, K. I., Magyar‐Russell, G. M., & Murray‐Swank, N. A. (2005). The sacred and the search for significance: Religion as a unique process. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 665-687.
Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2005). Discovering and conserving the sacred. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 646-659.
Pargament, K. I., & Raiya, H. A. (2007). A decade of research on the psychology of religion and coping: Things we assumed and lessons we learned. Psyke & Logos, 28(2), 25-25.
Parsons, T. (2013). The social system: Routledge.
Păvăloaia, V.-D., & Necula, S.-C. (2023). Artificial intelligence as a disruptive technology—A systematic literature review. Electronics, 12(5), 1102.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137-152.
Pearce, D. W. (1981). The Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics. London: Macmillan Press.
Piper, J., & James, L. (2003). Don't waste your life: Crossway Books.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544.
Rauch, A., Fink, M., & Hatak, I. (2018). Stress Processes: An Essential Ingredient in the Entrepreneurial Process. Academy of Management Executive, 32(3), 340-357. doi: 10.5465/amp.2016.0184
Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of work and organizational psychology, 16(4), 353-385.
Rego, A., Sousa, F., Pina e Cunha, M., Correia, A., & Saur‐Amaral, I. (2007). Leader self‐reported emotional intelligence and perceived employee creativity: An exploratory study. Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(3), 250-264.
Rietveld, C. A., & Hoogendoorn, B. (2022). The mediating role of values in the relationship between religion and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 58(0), 1-27.
Rietveld, C. A., & Van Burg, E. (2014). Religious beliefs and entrepreneurship among Dutch protestants. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 23(3), 279-295.
Rindova, V., Barry, D., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2009). Entrepreneuring as emancipation. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 477-491.
Roels, S. J. (1997). The business ethics of evangelicals. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7(2), 109-122.
Roels, S. J. (2003). The Christian calling to business life. Theology Today, 60(3), 357-369.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values: Free press.
Rubinstein, M. A. (1991). The Protestant community on modern Taiwan: mission, seminary, and church: ME Sharpe.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(5), 749.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2, 3-33.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 61, 101860.
Sayigh, Y. A. (1962). Entrepreneurs of Lebanon: The role of the business leader in a developing economy: Harvard University Press.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. The journal of economic history, 7(2), 149-159.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25(0), 1-65.
Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Basic human values: Theory, measurement, and applications. Revue française de sociologie, 47(4), 929.
Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., Harris, M., & Owens, V. (2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 519-542.
Scroope, C. (2016). Buddhism in Taiwan. Retrieved 4 August, from https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/taiwanese-culture/taiwanese-culture-religion
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: a meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 96(5), 981.
Sethi, R., Smith, D. C., & Park, C. W. (2001). Cross-functional product development teams, creativity, and the innovativeness of new consumer products. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 73-85.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
Shen, X., Chen, Z., Backes, M., & Zhang, Y. (2023). In chatgpt we trust? Measuring and characterizing the reliability of chatgpt. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.08979.
Shepherd, D. A., Wiklund, J., & Haynie, J. M. (2009). Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(2), 134-148.
Shir, N., Nikolaev, B. N., & Wincent, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship and well-being: The role of psychological autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(5), 105875.
Short, C. E., & Short, J. C. (2023). The artificially intelligent entrepreneur: ChatGPT, prompt engineering, and entrepreneurial rhetoric creation. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 19, e00388.
Smith, B. R., McMullen, J. S., & Cardon, M. S. (2021). Toward a theological turn in entrepreneurship: How religion could enable transformative research in our field. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106139.
Soydemir, G. A., Bastida, E., & Gonzalez, G. (2004). The impact of religiosity on self-assessments of health and happiness: Evidence from the US Southwest. Applied Economics, 36(7), 665-672.
Stark, R. (1971). Psychopathology and religious commitment. Review of Religious Research, 12(3), 165-176.
Statista. (2018). Share of Indonesian population in 2018, by religion. Retrieved 4 August, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1113891/indonesia-share-of-population-by-religion/
Stephan, U. (2018). Entrepreneurs’ mental health and well-being: A review and research agenda. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(3), 290-322.
Stephan, U., Rauch, A., & Hatak, I. (2022). Happy Entrepreneurs? Everywhere? A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship and wellbeing. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(2), 553-593.
Stephan, U., Tavares, S. M., Carvalho, H., Ramalho, J. J., Santos, S. C., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2020). Self-employment and eudaimonic well-being: Energized by meaning, enabled by societal legitimacy. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(6), 106047.
Sumner, W. G. (2020). Folkways: BoD–Books on Demand.
Szabo, Z. K., & Herman, E. (2012). Innovative entrepreneurship for economic development in EU. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3(0), 268-275.
Tambunan, T. (2007). Entrepreneurship development: SMES in Indonesia. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(01), 95-118.
Thoits, P. A. (2012). Role-identity salience, purpose and meaning in life, and well-being among volunteers. Social Psychology Quarterly, 75(4), 360 - 384.
Thompson, R. F., Valdes, G., Fuller, C. D., Carpenter, C. M., Morin, O., Aneja, S., . . . Deville Jr, C. (2018). Artificial intelligence in radiation oncology: A specialty-wide disruptive transformation? Radiotherapy and Oncology, 129(3), 421-426.
Trautmann, S., Rehm, J., & Wittchen, H. U. (2016). The economic costs of mental disorders: Do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO Reports, 17(9), 1245-1249.
Vaara, E. (2003). Post‐acquisition integration as sensemaking: Glimpses of ambiguity, confusion, hypocrisy, and politicization. Journal of Management Studies, 40(4), 859-894.
Varol, O., Ferrara, E., Davis, C., Menczer, F., & Flammini, A. (2017). Online human-bot interactions: Detection, estimation, and characterization. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media.
Vishal, G., Niranjan, S., Goktan, A., & Erickson, J. (2016). Individual entrepreneurial orientation role in shaping reactions to new technologies. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 935-961. doi: 10.1007/s11365-015-0373-4
Wach, D., Stephan, U., & Gorgievski, M. (2016). More than money: Developing an integrative multi-factorial measure of entrepreneurial success. International Small Business Journal, 34(8), 1098-1121.
Wach, D., Stephan, U., Weinberger, E., & Wegge, J. (2021). Entrepreneurs' stressors and well-being: A recovery perspective and diary study. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106016.
Weber, M. (1905). 1958, The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Weinstein, N., & Stone, D. N. (2018). Need depriving effects of financial insecurity: Implications for well-being and financial behaviors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(10), 1503.
Werner, A. (2008). The influence of Christian identity on SME owner–managers’ conceptualisations of business practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 449-462.
White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: the concept of competence. Psychological review, 66(5), 297.
Wiklund, J., Hatak, I., Lerner, D. A., Verheul, I., Thurik, R., & Antshel, K. (2020). Entrepreneurship, clinical psychology, and mental health: An exciting and promising new field of research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(2), 291-295.
Williams Jr, R. M. (1968). International encyclopedia of the social sciences (Vol. 16). New York Macmillan.
Wong, D. B. (2006). The meaning of detachment in daoism, buddhism, and stoicism. Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 5(2), 207-219.
Woodhead, L. (2004). Christianity: A very short introduction: OUP Oxford.
WorldPopulationReview. (2023). Religion by Country 2023. Retrieved 22 July, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/religion-by-country
Worthington Jr, E. L., Wade, N. G., Hight, T. L., Ripley, J. S., McCullough, M. E., Berry, J. W., . . . O'Connor, L. (2003). The religious commitment inventory--10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84.
Xu, Liu, X., Cao, X., Huang, C., Liu, E., Qian, S., . . . Qiu, C.-W. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. The Innovation, 2(4), 1-20.
Xu, Tang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2023). Buddhist entrepreneurs, managerial attention allocation, and new ventures' access to external resources. Journal of Management Studies, 60(2), 454-494.
Zhao, E. Y., & Lounsbury, M. (2016). An institutional logics approach to social entrepreneurship: Market logic, religious diversity, and resource acquisition by microfinance organizations. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 643-662.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2007). Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 18(2), 181-199.