研究背景： 預計到2050 年，全球人口將超過90 億。人類對食物的需求，尤其是優質食物，也由於飲食的變化而增長。但是，由於城市擴張和過度開發，用於農作物的耕地面積減少了。砍伐森林以創造更多耕地與全球應對氣候變化的需求沒辦法兼容。食品的長途運輸會導致可觀的能源消耗和污染，同時還會降低食品的質量。環境控制農業（CEA）是解決方案之一，因為它可以減少水，肥料和農藥的使用，從而實現垂直農業。CEA 的規模可大可小，能在城市中進行大規模生產，或是在家中進行小量種植。物聯網（IoT）技術包含傳感器與致動器的使用可以將食品生產的數據化，藉由網路來傳輸食品其中不但能減少浪費且可以提高品量。但我們發現，大部分家用環境控制農業的原型都沒有完整的溫度及濕度控制或是使用昂貴的控制方法。

研究目標： 我們的目標在設計，建造和測試適用於家用CEA 的新設備，他能用於冷卻，加熱，除濕和通風。

研究方法： 我們使用致冷晶片作為執行器。它可以同時冷卻和加熱，因此通過在其周圍設計可變的氣流通道，我們既可以控制溫度又可以去除濕度。我們使用三種不同尺寸的保麗龍箱來量化設備的性能。

研究結果： 我們證明了我們的設備可以根據需要在受控環境裡實現冷卻，加熱，除濕和通風。我們的設備可實現在最小的盒子尺寸（0.0525 m3），相對於周圍環境的7°C 冷卻，28.8°C 加熱和3.47g / kg 的除濕量。對於最大尺寸的盒子（0.1575 m3），我們的設備可以實現4.3°C 的冷卻，18.7°C 的加熱和3.6g / kg 的除濕。從極端條件通風到室溫需要10 到20 分鐘。溫度可以控制在 2°C 之內。

研究結論： 我們的設備是家用CEA 可行的低成本選擇，因為致冷片的價格很便宜。缺點是冷卻太弱，沒辦法在各種室外環境下達到想要的冷卻量，因此性能仍有改進的空間。

Background:
The global population is predicted to exceed 9 billion by 2050.
Human demand for food, in particular, quality food is growing also due to changes in diet.
However, the area of agricultural land for crops has been reduced because of urban expansion and over exploitation.
Clearing of forest to create more arable land is not compatible with the global need to fight climate change.
Long-distance transportation of food cause considerable energy consumption and pollution while degrading the quality of the food.
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is one of the solutions, since it enable vertical farming with heavily reduced water, fertilizer, and pesticide usage.
CEA enable local production at scale in cities and small scale domestic production in the home.
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with sensors and actuators enables digitalisation of food production where transmission of data can reduce waste and improve the quality.
However, we found that existing domestic controlled environment agriculture prototypes do not have complete temperature and humidity control or expensive control solutions.

Aim:
We aim to design, build, and test a new device for cooling, heating, dehumidification, and ventilation suitable for domestic CEA.

Method:
We used a Peltier chip as our actuator.
It can cool and heat at the same time, so by designing changeable airflow channels around it we can both control the temperature and remove humidity.
We quantified the performance of our device using three different sizes of closed styrofoam boxes.

Results:
We demonstrated that our device can implement cooling, heating, dehumidification, and ventilation as needed to achieve a controlled environment suitable for farming when the surrounding environment is at roughly 25°C and 55\% relative humidity.
Our device can achieve 7°C of cooling, 29°C of heating, and a 3.5g/kg dehumidification relative to the surrounding environment for the smallest box (0.05 $m^3$).
Our device can achieve 4°C of cooling, 19°C of heating, and a 3.6g/kg dehumidification relative to the surrounding room for the largest box (0.16 $m^3$) .
It took 10 to 20 minutes to ventilate to room condition from the extreme conditions.
Temperature can be controlled within $pm$2°C.

Conclusion:
Our device is a viable low cost option for domestic CEA, because the Peltier chip is cheap.
The cooling is too weak to simulate every climates in the world, so room for improvement in performance still exists.

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