簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳昌珉
Wu, Chang-Min
論文名稱: 電容響應表徵有機鹵化鉛鈣鈦礦發光二極體之離子遷移效應
Characterize the ion-migration of organic-based lead bromide perovskite light-emitting diode via capacitance response
指導教授: 郭宗枋
Guo, Tzung-Fang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系
Department of Photonics
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 84
中文關鍵詞: 鈣鈦礦發光二極體 、離子遷移效應 、兩性離子摻雜 、啟動能
外文關鍵詞: perovskite light-emitting diode, ion migration, activation energy, additive passivation
相關次數: 點閱:155  下載:0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 鈣鈦礦發光二極體有著優秀的發光效率,然而其中卻存在著嚴重的遲滯現象阻礙元件發展。本實驗室由實驗成果推測遲滯由元件中的離子移動所造成,而摻雜兩性離子氯化膽鹼能有效消除元件的遲滯,並大幅提升元件的發光效率。本論文目的為量化元件中的離子遷移現象,透過電容量測探討離子在元件內的分布,並由電容與溫度的相依關係計算出元件的啟動能,啟動能計算結果與理論計算數值相符,顯示溴離子是造成元件遲滯的主因,並證實氯化膽鹼能夠有效抑制離子遷移現象。

    In our previous researches, we observed the unusual radiative phenomenon and hysteresis in perovskite devices which mainly were caused by ion migration. To proving that, we incorporated a small amount of choline chloride into perovskite precursor solution for passivating the defect on surface of the active layer. By this simple method, we are significantly improved the devices performance as well as inhibited the hysteresis phenomenon.
    Furthermore, we used the transient ion drift measurement to calculate the activation energy of ion migration in perovskite LEDs via tau and capacitate variation. The activation energy value of our MAPbBr3 perovskite devices without choline chloride additive is around 90 meV which is very close to the reported activation energy for halide migration in MAPbBr3 published in elsewhere. Therefore, we definitely concluded that the abnormal behavior was observed in our MAPbBr3 LEDs is related to the migration of Br- anion. In additional, by incorporating the choline chloride, the activation energy is significantly increase which supporting for the suppressing of ion migration.

    目錄 摘要 I Extended Abstract II 致謝 VI 目錄 VII 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1-1前言 1 1-2有機電激發光元件之發展 3 1-3鈣鈦礦光伏元件之發展 6 1-4研究動機與大綱 8 1-4-1研究動機 8 1-4-2論文大綱 10 第二章 鈣鈦礦發光二極體之發展 11 2-1前言 11 2-2有機電激發光元件運作原理 13 2-3鈣鈦礦發光二極體重要發展文獻 15 2-4鈣鈦礦光伏元件的遲滯現象 21 2-5計算鈣鈦礦離子啟動能 23 2-6添加劑抑制離子遷移效應 25 2-7本章結論 28 第三章 元件製程與實驗步驟 29 3-1前言 29 3-2 鈣鈦礦發光二極體製程 30 3-2-1 ITO陽極圖案化方法 30 3-2-2 ITO基板清洗 33 3-2-3電洞傳輸層製作 33 3-2-4 鈣鈦礦主動層製作 34 3-2-5 電子傳輸層製作 35 3-2-6 電極製作 35 3-3 元件特性量測 36 3-3-1 電流-亮度-電壓量測系統 36 3-3-2 低溫系統 36 3-3-3 電容量測系統 37 3-4 本章結論 39 第四章 鈣鈦礦發光二極體之研究 40 4-1前言 40 4-2摻入氯化膽鹼對鈣鈦礦發光二極體之影響 42 4-2-1摻入氯化膽鹼有效抑制遲滯現象 42 4-2-2摻入氯化膽鹼後鈣鈦礦發光二極體電性表現 43 4-3建立離子遷移效應模型 45 4-3-1鈣鈦礦發光二極體離子遷移模型與驗證 45 4-3-2 氯化膽鹼抑制離子遷移效應 49 4-4量化離子遷移效應 52 4-4-1偏壓電容-時間變化與溫度之關係 54 4-4-2時間常數與擴散係數量化理論 58 4-4-3偏壓電容-時間變化量化啟動能 60 4-4-4電容差量量化理論 65 4-4-5 電容差量量化啟動能 68 4-4-6 啟動能量化結論 73 4-5本章結論 75 第五章 總結與未來工作 76 5-1總結 76 5-2未來工作展望 77 參考文獻 80

    [1] J. Kido, M. Kimura, K. Nagai, “Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device”, Science 267, 1332 (1995).
    [2] S. R. Forrest, “The road to high efficiency organic light emitting devices”, Org. Electron. 4, 45 (2003).
    [3] E. Kinne-Saffran, R. K. H. Kinne, “Vitalism and synthesis of urea”, Am. J. Nephrol. 19, 290 (1999).
    [4] M. Pope, H. P. Kallmann, P. Magnante, “Electroluminescence in organic crystals”, J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2042 (1963).
    [5] C.-W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, “Organic electroluminescent diodes”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 913 (1987).
    [6] J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, A. B. Holmes, “Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers”, Nature 347, 539 (1990).
    [7] A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai, T. Miyasaka, “Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6050 (2009).
    [8] R. F. Service, “Perovskite solar cells keep on surging”, Science 344, 458 (2014).
    [9] J. C. Frankel, “Newcomer juices up the race to harness sunlight”, Science 342, 1438 (2013).
    [10] Best research-cell efficiency chart, National renewable energy laboratory, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html, accessed 19 July 2021.
    [11] Q. Chen, N. D. Marco, Y. Yang, T.-B. Song, C.-C. Chen, H. Zhao, Z. Hong, H. Zhou, Y. Yang, “Under the spotlight: the organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite for optoelectronic applications”, Nano Today 10, 355 (2015).
    [12] Y.-H. Kim, H. Cho, T.-W. Lee, “Metal halide perovskite light emitters”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 11694 (2016).
    [13] N. Liu, Q. Du, G. Yin, P. Liu, L. Li, H. Xie, C. Zhu, Y. Li, H. Zhou, W.-B. Zhang, Q. Chen, “Extremely low trap-state energy level perovskite solar cells passivated using NH2-POSS with improved efficiency and stability”, J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 6806 (2018).
    [14] S. A. Veldhuis, P. P. Boix, N. Yantara, M. Li, T. C. Sum, N. Mathews, S. G. Mhaisalkar, “Perovskite materials for light-emitting diodes and lasers”, Adv. Mater. 28, 6804 (2016).
    [15] Q. Dong, L. Lei, J. Mendes, F. So, “Operational stability of perovskite light emitting diodes”, J. Phys. Mater. 3, 012002 (2020).
    [16] X. Zheng, B. Chen, J. Dai, Y. Fang, Y. Bai, Y. Lin, H. Wei, X. C. Zeng, J. Huang, “Defect passivation in hybrid perovskite solar cells using quaternary ammonium halide anions and cations”, Nat. Energy 2, 17102 (2017).
    [17] S. Bai, Y. Jin, F. Gao, “Organometal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications”, Adv. Funct. Mater. (eds A. Tiwari and L. Uzun), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA, 535 (2015).
    [18] M. K. Assadi, S. Bakhoda, R. Saidur, H. Hanaei, “Recent progress in perovskite solar cells”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 81, 2812 (2018).
    [19] M. Era, S. Morimoto, T. Tsutsui, S. Saito, “Organic‐inorganic heterostructure electroluminescent device using a layered perovskite semiconductor (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 676 (1994).
    [20] C. Li, H. Wang, F. Wang, T. Li, M. Xu, H. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Zhan, W. Hu, L. Shen, “Ultrafast and broadband photodetectors based on a perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction for large-dynamic-range imaging”, Light: Sci. Appl. 9, 31 (2020).
    [21] J. Miao, F. Zhang, “Recent progress on highly sensitive perovskite photodetectors”, J. Mater. Chem. C 7, 1741 (2019).
    [22] E.-P. Yao, Z. Yang, L. Meng, P. Sun, S. Dong, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, “High-brightness blue and white LEDs based on inorganic perovskite nanocrystals and their composites”, Adv. Mater. 29, 1606859 (2017).
    [23] K. Chondroudis, D. B. Mitzi, “Electroluminescence from an organic-inorganic perovskite incorporating a quaterthiophene dye within lead halide perovskite layers”, Chem. Mat. 11, 3028 (1999).
    [24] Z.-K. Tan, R. S. Moghaddam, M. L. Lai, P. Docampo, R. Higler, F. Deschler, M. Price, A. Sadhanala, L. M. Pazos, D. Credgington, F. Hanusch, T. Bein, H. J. Snaith, R. H. Friend, “Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite”, Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 687 (2014).
    [25] H. Cho, S.-H. Jeong, M.-H. Park, Y.-H. Kim, C. Wolf, C.-L. Lee, J. H. Heo, A. Sadhanala, N. Myoung, S. Yoo, S. H. Im, R. H. Friend, T.-W. Lee, “Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes”, Science 350, 1222 (2015).
    [26] Y.-K. Chih, J.-C. Wang, R.-T. Yang, C.-C. Liu, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-S. Fu, W.-C. Lai, P. Chen, T.-C. Wen, Y.-C. Huang, C.-S. Tsao, T.-F. Guo, “NiOx electrode interlayer and CH3NH2/CH3NH3PbBr3 interface treatment to markedly advance hybrid perovskite- based light-emitting diodes”, Adv. Mater. 28, 8687 (2016).
    [27] S. Lee, J. H. Park, B. R. Lee, E. D. Jung, J. C. Yu, D. D. Nuzzo, R. H. Friend, M. H. Song, “Amine-based passivating materials for enhanced optical properties and performance of organic-inorganic perovskites in light-emitting diodes”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 1784 (2017).
    [28] Y.-H. Kim, C. Wolf, Y.-T. Kim, H. Cho, W. Kwon, S. Do, A. Sadhanala, C. G. Park, S.-W. Rhee, S. H. Im, R. H. Friend, T.-W. Lee, “Highly efficient light-emitting diodes of colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals beyond quantum size”, ACS Nano 11, 6586 (2017).
    [29] Y.-H. Kim, G.-H. Lee, Y.-T. Kim, C. Wolf, H. J. Yun, W. Kwon, C. G. Park, T.-W. Lee, “High efficiency perovskite light-emitting diodes of ligand-engineered colloidal formamidinium lead bromide nanoparticles”, Nano Energy 38, 51 (2017).
    [30] X. Yang, X. Zhang, J. Deng, Z. Chu, Q. Jiang, J. Meng, P. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Yin, J. You, “Efficient green light-emitting diodes based on quasi-two-dimensional composition and phase engineered perovskite with surface passivation”, Nat. Commun. 9, 570 (2018).
    [31] H. J. Snaith, A. Abate, J. M. Ball, G. E. Eperon, T. Leijtens, N. K. Noel, S. D. Stranks, J. T.-W. Wang, K. Wojciechowski, W. Zhang, “Anomalous hysteresis in perovskite solar cells”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 1511 (2014).
    [32] E. L. Unger, E. T. Hoke, C. D. Bailie, W. H. Nguyen, A. R. Bowring, T. Heumüller, M. G. Christoforod, M. D. McGehee, “Hysteresis and transient behavior in current - voltage measurements of hybrid-perovskite absorber solar cells”, Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3690 (2014).
    [33] J. M. Azpiroz, E. Mosconi, J. Bisquertcd, F. D. Angelis, “Defect migration in methylammonium lead iodide and its role in perovskite solar cell operation”, Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 2118 (2015).
    [34] H. Cho, C. Wolf, J. S. Kim, H. J. Yun, J. S. Bae, H. Kim, J.-M. Heo, S. Ahn, T.-W. Lee, “High-efficiency solution-processed inorganic metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes”, Adv. Mater. 29, 1700579 (2017).
    [35] M. H. Futscher, J. M. Lee, L. McGovern, L. A. Muscarella, T. Wang, M. I. Haider, A. Fakharuddin, L. Schmidt-Mende, B. Ehrler, “Quantification of ion migration in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells by transient capacitance measurements”, Mater. Horiz. 6, 1497 (2019).
    [36] Y. Shao, Z. Xiao, C. Bi, Y. Yuan, J. Huang, “Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells”, Nat. Commun. 5, 5784 (2014).
    [37] Z. Xiao, R. A. Kerner, L. Zhao, N. L. Tran, K. M. Lee, T.-W. Koh, G. D. Scholes, B. P. Rand, “Efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes featuring nanometre-sized crystallites”, Nat. Photonics 11, 108 (2017).
    [38] M. Abdi-Jalebi, Z. Andaji-Garmaroudi, S. Cacovich, C. Stavrakas, B. Philippe, J. M. Richter, M. Alsari, E. P. Booker, E. M. Hutter, A. J. Pearson, S. Lilliu, T. J. Savenije, H. Rensmo, G. Divitini, C. Ducati, R. H. Friend, S. D. Stranks, “Maximizing and stabilizing luminescence from halide perovskites with potassium passivation”, Nature 555, 497 (2018).
    [39] J. Haruyama, K. Sodeyama, L. Han, Y. Tateyama, “First-principles study of ion diffusion in perovskite solar cell sensitizer”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 10048 (2015).
    [40] S. Game, G. J. Buchsbaum, Y. Zhou, N. P. Padture, A. I. Kingon, “Ions matter: description of the anomalous electronic behavior in methylammonium lead halide perovskite devices”, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1606584 (2017).
    [41] J. Xing, Q. Wang, Q. Dong, Y. Yuan, Y. Fang, J. Huang, “Ultrafast ion migration in hybrid perovskite polycrystalline thin films under light and suppression in single crystals”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 30484 (2016).
    [42] X. Meng, C. H. Y. Ho, S. Xiao, Y. Bai, T. Zhang, C. Hu, H. Lin, Y. Yang, S. Kong So, S. Yang, “Molecular design enabled reduction of interface trap density affords highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with over 83% fill factor”, Nano Energy 52, 300 (2018).
    [43] M. Stumpp, R. Ruess, J. Müßener, D. Schlettwein, “Freezing the polarization of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films”, Mater. Today Chem. 4, 97 (2017).
    [44] Y. Liu, H. Lu, J. Niu, H. Zhang, S. Lou, C. Gao, Y. Zhan, X. Zhang, Q. Jin, L. Zheng, “Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and decay dynamics of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 thin films”, AIP Adv. 8, 095108 (2018).
    [45] T. L. Shen, “The effect of ion migration in organolead halide perovskite-based light-emitting diode”, 碩士論文, 國立成功大學光電科學與工程學系, (2018).
    [46] Y. Luo, P. Khoram, S. Brittman, Z. Zhu, B. Lai, S. P. Ong, E. C. Garnett, D. P. Fenning, “Direct observation of halide migration and its effect on the photoluminescence of methylammoniunm lead bromide perovskite single crystals”, Adv. Mater. 29, 1703451 (2017).
    [47] T. Wu, L. Collins, J. Zhang, P.-Y. Lin, M. Ahmadi, S. Jesse, B. Hu, “Photoinduced bulk polarization and its effects on photovoltaic actions in perovskite solar cells”, ACS Nano 11, 11542 (2017).
    [48] H. Duan, H. Zhou, Q. Chen, P. Sun, S. Luo, T. Song, B. Bob, Y. Yang, “The identification and characterization of defect states in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 112 (2015).
    [49] K. J. Laidler, “Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms”, Pure & Appl. Chem. 68, 149 (1996).
    [50] M. H. Futscher, M. K. Gangishetty, D. N. Congreve, B. Ehrler, “Quantifying mobile ions and electronic defects in perovskite-based devices with temperature-dependent capacitance measurements: frequency vs time domain”, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 044202 (2020).
    [51] A. Zamouche, T. Heiser, A. Mesli, “Investigation of fast diffusing impurities in silicon by a transient ion drift method”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 631 (1995).
    [52] R. A. Awni, Z. Song, C. Chen, C. Li, C. Wang, M. A. Razooqi, L. Chen, X. Wang, R. J. Ellingson, J. V. Li, Y. Yan, “Influence of charge transport layers on capacitance measured in halide perovskite solar cells”, Joule 4, 644 (2020).
    [53] O. Almora, I. Zarazua, E. Mas-Marza, I. Mora-Sero, J. Bisquert, G. Garcia-Belmonte, “Capacitive dark currents, hysteresis, and electrode polarization in lead halide perovskite solar cells”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 1645 (2015).

    下載圖示
    2026-08-23公開
    QR CODE