本論文主要著重在應用於超寬頻射頻頻率合成器之混頻器設計。根據新的頻率規畫，我們提出了一個新的射頻頻率合成器架構應用在超寬頻多頻帶正交頻率分頻多工的系統中(UWB MB-OFDM System)。在混頻器設計中，主要著重在其負載的部分，為了有效降低功率的消耗，我們採用LC-tank的方式去取代電阻。由於超寬頻多頻帶涵蓋的頻寬範圍較廣，混頻器必須設計能夠操作在3.1-10.6 GHz的頻率範圍。若只使用單一感值的電感讓阻抗peak在6.5 GHz左右，會導致在較低頻或較高頻的部份會有輸出阻抗太低的現象，因此利用切換式電感架構來實現在寬頻帶負載，藉由MOS開關來切換兩種感值，使阻抗分別peak在5 GHz和8 GHz。可以在較低與較高的頻帶下有效提升輸出阻抗。
在本文中，我們利用本實驗室所提出的一種新式的可切換差動電感結構，它相較於傳統可切換電感面積可節省約50%以上，可以有效減少晶片面積成本。在電感使用上，我們先利用電磁模擬軟體(ADS-Momentum)去模擬切換電感的特性，且分析並找出適合應用在我們的電路上的感值。為了有效的描述此切換電感行為，一個簡單的電感等效電路模型也被提出，此切換式電感等效電路模型之準確性可達10 GHz。整體電路在大訊號模擬結果下，顯示此四相位混頻器可操作在3.1-10.6 GHz。此四相位混頻器整合可切換式電感製作於台積電0.18um 1P6M標準RF CMOS製程。
針對上述所設計的四相位混頻器量測部分。由於高頻(GHz)的四相位訊號源不容易取得。因此，另一個設計的重點是整合震盪器和混頻器，靠著震盪器所提供的震盪訊號提供給混頻器應用，並考量混頻器在10 GHz操作頻率下的操作特性之設計。為了要驗證我們所設計的混頻器可以在10 GHz左右操作，所以挑選可應用於超寬頻多頻帶系統中，讓兩個震盪器分別操作在3,168/4,224 MHz與6,072/ 7,128 MHz，而混頻器接收震盪訊號去進行升頻混頻動作，讓其頻率輸出在10.296 GHz。
本論文主要新穎性如下：我們使用可切換式差動電感來製作可切換式電感性負載，讓混頻器可以操作在3-10 GHz的頻寬中，可應用於新的頻率合成器電路架構。此外，該新型可切換式電感不僅讓混頻器可以操作在超寬頻系統，且讓電路晶片面積消耗得以縮小約50%，成本得以降低。

The paper mainly presents the design of mixer for UWB radio frequency synthesizer application. Base on new frequency plan, we propose a RF frequencysynthesizer for ultra-wide band multiband OFDM (UWB MB-OFDM System) applications. We mainly focus on load in our mixer design. In order to degrade the powerconsumption effectively, LC-tank structure is implemented instead of resistor. Due to UWB MB-OFDM system covers relative large frequency ranges, the mixer must be designed to be able to operate at 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range. For unity inductance, the peak impedance appears at 6.5 GHz which could degrade the output impedance dramatically at high/low frequency bands. From above reasons, we use switchable inductors to realize wideband load. We combine a MOSFET transistor with the differential inductor as switch, which its peak impedance is 5 GHz and 8 GHz receptively. It is effective to improve the output impedance at high/low frequency bands.
In this article, we apply a newly switchable differential inductor. Compare to traditional switch inductor structures, the proposed structure can release
over 50% chip area and cost of chip can also be saved. For our design methods, we simulate the characteristics of this switchable inductor by ADS Momentum and choose the adapt one for our circuit inductance. In order to describe the switchable inductors’ behaviors, a simple equivalent circuit model is presented and this model accurate over 10 GHz. The complete circuit is simulated which shows that quadrature mixer can operate in 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This
quadrature mixer and differential integration uses TSMC 0.18um 1P6M standard RF CMOS process.
For the measurement of the above-mentioned quadrature mixer design, due to quadrature signal source is hard to obtain, therefore another important point of this design is integration of oscillators and mixer. By using the signal generated by oscillators apply to mixer, we consider the operation features of mixer at 10 GHz for our design. To verify this proposed mixer can operate at 10 GHz. The two oscillators operate at 3,168/4,224 and 6,072/7,128 MHz for UWB system application which mixer receives the signal to up-convert the frequency to 10.296 GHz.
The main creativity of this paper is as following: We use the switchable inductor to implement the switchable inductive loads. Thus, the mixer is able to operate at 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range for new UWB radio frequency synthesizer application. Moreover, by using our proposed switchable inductor, the mixer not only can operate in UWB system, but also low area consumption and chip cost over 50%.

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