| 研究生: |
謝顏隆 Hsieh, Yen-Long |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
H.264離散餘弦轉換架構設計與實作 Architecture Design of H.264 Discrete Cosine Transform |
| 指導教授: |
李國君
Lee, Gwo Giun |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2009 |
| 畢業學年度: | 97 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 71 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | DCT, H.264 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:42 下載:1 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本篇論文提出一個高產出率低面積的離散餘弦轉換架構,此架構能應用於H..264的高解析度視訊產品。在H.264中,離散餘弦轉換的區塊大小為4乘4以及8乘8,其中8乘8區塊大小的離散餘弦轉換主要應用於標準解析度與高解析度以及更高解析度的視訊上。本篇論文即為實現8乘8區塊大小離散餘弦轉換的架構。為了能用於高解析度視訊,此架構必須能有足夠高的產出率。但高產出率常伴隨面積較大的問題,因此本篇論文利用部分離散餘弦轉換的特性使面積下降。以此完成高產出率低面積的架構。
本篇論文提出的架構所支援的規格為1080p與每秒60幀數。此架構利用tsmc.18μm的製程規格來進行邏輯電路合成,操作的時脈為81百萬赫茲。在此時脈下本篇論文所提出的架構可以以與類似架構相較之下,較小的面積來完成H.264 8×8 離散餘弦轉換的架構。
This thesis proposes a Discrete Cosine Transform architecture with high throughput and low area. This architecture can be applied in H.264 High Definition (HD) resolution video products. In H.264, the block sizes of the Discrete Cosine Transform are 4×4 and 8×8. The 8×8 block size transform is mainly used in Standard Definition resolution, High Definition resolution, and above Definition resolution. This thesis implements an 8×8 transform architecture. For application in HD resolution video products, the proposed architecture supplies enough high throughput, but a big area should also be associated with a high throughput. Through some property of the DCT, this thesis shows that the area can be reduced and then a high
throughput and small area architecture can be implemented.
In the proposed architecture, the specification of proposed architecture is 1080p and 60 frames per second. The proposed architecture is synthesized with
TSMC 0.18 μm technology cell library and the operating speed is 81 MHz. In this operation speed, the proposed architecture has smaller area when compared with other
architectures which also implement H.264 8×8 DCT architecture recently.
[1] N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K.R. Rao, "Discrete cosine transform," IEEE
Trans. Compute., vol. C-23, pp. 88-93, January 1974.
[2] Rao, K.R., and Yip, P. Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms , Advantages,
Application. Academic Press, Inc. London, 1990.
[3] W. Chen, C. H. Smith, and S. C. Fralick, “A fast computational
algorithm for the discrete cosine transform,” IEEE Trans Commun.,
vol. COMM-25, pp. 1004–1009, September 1977.
[4] B. G. Lee, “A new algorithm to compute the discrete cosine transform,”
IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-32,
pp.1243–1245, December 1984.
[5] Stanley A. White, “Applications of distributed arithmetic to digital signal
processing: a tutorial review,” IEEE ASSP Magazin,vol.6,issue3, pp.4-19, July
1989.
[6] J. Park, S. Kwon, and K. Roy, “Low power reconfigurable DCT design based on sharing multiplication,” in Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE International Conference on, 2002, vol. 3, pp.3116-3119.
[7] H.S. Malvar, A. Hallapuro, M. Karczewicz, and L. Kerofsky, "Low-complexity transform and quantization in H.264/AVC," IEEE Transaction on Circuits ands
Systems for Video Technology, vol.13, no.7, pp.598–603, July 2003.
[8] T. Wiegand and G. Sullivan, Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of joint video specification (ITU-T rec. H.264|ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC, presented at Joint Video Team (JVC) of ISO/IEC MPEG and
ITU-T VCEG), 2003.
[9] I.E.G. Richardson, H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression—Video Coding for
Next-generation Multimedia, John Wiley & Sons, 2003
[10] G. Sullivan, P. Topiwala, and A. Luthra, “The H.264/AVC advanced video coding standard: overview and introduction to the fidelity range extensions,”
in Proc of. SPIE 5558, conference on application of digital image processing XXVII, special session on advances in new emerging standard: H.264/AVC I,
Denver, CO, August 2004, pp.454-474.
[11] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, “Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems
For Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 560-576, July 2003.
[12] “ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC,” Draft Text of Final
Draft International Standard for Advanced Video Coding, March
2003.
[13] D. Marpe, T. Wiegand, and S. Gordon, "H.264/MPEG4-AVC fidelity range extensions: Tools, profiles, performance, and application areas," IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, September 2005, pp.593–596.
[14] Ihab Amer, Wael Badawy , and Graham Jullien, “A high-performance hardware implementation of the H.264 simplified 8x8 transformation and quantization,”
in Proc. IEEE ICASSP, May 2005, pp.1137-1140.
[15] S. Gordon, “Adaptive block transform for film grain reproduction in high
Definition Sequences,”Doc. JVT-H029.Geneva Switzerland, May 2003.
[16] S.Gordon, D.Marple, and T.Wiegand, “Simplified Use of 8×8 Transforms-Updated Proposal and Results,” JVT-K028, 11th Meeting ,Munich,
Germany, March 2004
[17] L. Z. Liu, Q. Lin, M. T. Rong, and J. Li, “A 2-D forward/inverse integer
transform processor of H.264 based on highly-parallel architecture,” in
Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop System-on-Chip Real-Time Applicat., July
2004, pp. 158–161.
[18] N. I. Cho and S. U. Lee, “Fast algorithm and implementation of 2-D discrete cosine transform,” IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems, 38(3):297-305,
March 1991.
[19] F.A.Kamangar and K.R.Rao. “Fast algorithms for the 2-D discrete cosine transform,“ IEEE transaction on computers, C-31(9):899-906, September 1982
[20] V. Bhaskaran and K. Konstantinides, Image and Video Compression Standards, Algorithm and Architecture. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1997.
[21] Tu-Chih Wang, Yu-Wen Huang, Hung-Chi Fang, and Liang-Gee Chen, “Parallel 4x4 2D transform and inverse transform architecture for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264,”
in Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on circuit and system, Vol. 2,
pp.800-803, 2003.
[22] Yu-Tai Chang and Chin-Liang Wang, “New systolic array implementation of the2-D discrete cosine transform and its inverse,” IEEE Transaction on Circuits
and Systems for Video Technology, VOL.5, NO.2, pp.150-157, April 1995.
[23] Sun Bum Pan and Rae-Hong Park, “Unified systolic arrays for computation of the DCT/DST/DHT,” IEEE transactions on circuit and system for video technology, VOL.7, No.2 , VOL. COM-25, NO.9, pp.413-419, April 1997.
[24] Thaisa Leal da Silva “A pipelined 8x8 2-D forward DCT hardware architecture for H.264/AVC high profile encoder,” PSIVT 2007, LNCS 4872,2007, pp5-15.
[25] J.D. Bruguera and R.R Osorio. “An unified architecture for H.264 multiple block–size DCT with fast and low cost quantization,” Proc. 9th Euromicro. Conference on Digital System Design (DSD’2006). Dubrovnik, Croatia. pp.
407–414.
[26] Chih-Peng FAN and Yu-Lian Lin, “Implementations of low-cost hardware sharing architectures for fast 8×8 and 4×4 integer transform in H.264/AVC,”
IEICE TRANS FUNDAMENTALS, VOL. E90-A,NO.2 February 2007