台灣一年廢棄鉛酸電池的回收量高達六萬五千公噸，且近年來回收量有向上攀升的趨勢，為了避免電池中剩餘能量浪費，同時能在廢棄鉛酸電池於材料回收作業前獲取額外的能量收益，用以增加其回收價值。本論文針對廢棄鉛酸電池設計剩餘能量萃取機制，其結合並聯電池組間的放電平衡機制與自適應性脈衝放電方法，並經降壓轉換器將廢棄鉛酸電池的剩餘能量萃取儲存至鋰離子電池組中。並聯平衡機制能使電池達到同步放電的效果，用以避免電池間相互充放電，進而減少因電池不一致性所產生的充放電能量傳遞損耗。而自適應性脈衝放電方法可提供廢棄鉛酸電池週期性的靜置時間，電池中的電解液可於靜置時擴散均勻，此可降低廢棄鉛酸電池內電阻上升的速度，進而提升放電能量。此外，再透過平均放電電流值篩選出隨著電池狀態改變的最佳脈衝放電頻率與責任週期，用以優化脈衝放電對廢棄鉛酸電池剩餘能量的萃取。論文中吾人探討所需的放電機制參數，例如：搜索時的電流篩選基準、放電責任週期間距選擇、搜索時間設定等參數，並逐步進行放電機制的改善，所得剩餘能量萃電效率約為78.70%，加入恢復效應每次15分鐘，經三次鬆弛後，萃電效率上升至80.89%。相較於未使用脈衝放電以及使用固定頻率與責任週期的脈衝放電方法，本文所提方法分別可提升8.87%及5.91%的能量萃電效率。

In order to avoid wasting the residual energy in discarded lead-acid batteries and to increase their recycling value, this thesis focuses on designing a mechanism to extract residual energy from discarded lead-acid batteries. The proposed mechanism combines a balancing method in parallel-connected batteries with a self-adaptive pulse discharging strategy via a buck converter to extract residual energy from discarded lead-acid batteries and the extracted energy is stored into a li-ion battery pack. The balancing circuit regulates the discharge of the battery cell charge evenly that the discharging and charging between cells are mutually exclusive in order to reduce the energy loss caused by cell inconsistency. The self-adaptive pulse discharging strategy provides periodic resting time for the discarded lead-acid batteries, allowing the electrolyte to diffuse uniformly during the resting. It reduces the growth of the internal resistance rate in the discarded lead-acid batteries and improves the discharge energy. Furthermore, the optimal pulse discharge frequency and duty cycle that change with the battery state are selected by different averaging discharge current values, optimizing the fixed-frequency and fix-duty-cycle pulse discharging. It makes the discarded lead-acid batteries to be extracted in optimal state. This thesis also discusses the improvement of discharge mechanism parameters required by the mechanism, such as the current selecting criterion during searching, the selection of discharge duty cycle interval, and the setting of search time. Finally, the experimental extraction efficiency of the remaining energy from discarded lead-acid batteries using the proposed mechanism was about 78.70% and it increased up to 80.89% after considering the recovery effect for a 15-min relaxation per time with three times. Compared to the discharge current without a pulse modulation and with the fixed frequency and duty cycle, the energy extraction efficiency using the proposed method can be improved by 8.87% and 5.91% respectively.

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