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研究生: 蕭宗正
Hsiao, Zong-Jheng
論文名稱: GPS基頻訊號處理及導航解算之研究
Analysis of GPS Baseband and Navigation Processing
指導教授: 莊智清
Juang, Jyh-Ching
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 79
中文關鍵詞: 定位誤差衛星訊號導航解算
外文關鍵詞: navigation, acquisition, gps, track, pull-in, confirm
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  • 近年來,全球衛星定位系統 (Global Positioning System,GPS) 之架構與其應用已達成熟階段,然而主要面臨困難為:衛星搜尋至鎖定時間、電力耗損、穩定性及定位精度,本文利用一GPS接收模組搭配軟體分析以改善GPS基頻訊號與導航解算程序。基頻訊號處理部份中,根據以往文獻提出不同衛星搜尋法則,比較其衛星由搜尋至鎖定時間,本文並提出予以改善之方法;亦利用此平台完成多路徑訊號之偵測藉以抑制定位誤差。導航解算程序中,本文結合虛擬衛星發射器獲得額外觀測量,提升接收器於遮蔽環境工作時之穩定性;於導航解算則分別加入卡爾曼濾波器及Particle Filter改善原先定位精度。

    In recent years, the GPS position technique has been widely used in commercial and portable devices. However, issues such as: Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), power consumption, receiver stability and positioning accuracy remain to be fully investigated especially when signals are weak and subject to multipath. The thesis establishes a GPS receiver system based on open source software to analyze GPS baseband and navigation function. The thesis compares different acquisition methods and proposed a concept to reduce TTFF in processing of baseband signal. Furthermore, by modification of firmware, multipath signal can be detected, and then it helps suppress position error. In navigation processing, combination of receiver platform and pseudollite is to enhance stability and usability in urban canyons is investigated. A Kalman filter and a Particle filter which continuously update the best estimate of the user position is adding to navigation solution.

    中文摘要   i 英文摘要   ii 誌謝   iii 目錄   iv 圖目錄   vii 表目錄   xiii 第一章 序論   1 1.1 前言   1 1.2 研究目的及方法   1  1.3 實驗平台   2 1.3.1 GPS1000接收器模組   2 1.3.2 GPS接收器軟硬體概述   3 1.3.3 實作介面   4  1.4 論文架構   4 第二章 GPS基頻訊號處理及分析   6 2.1 接收器效能之探討   6 2.2 不同搜尋衛星法則介紹   6 2.2.1 Assisted-GPS   8 2.2.2 Non-Coherent 及Coherent處理程序   9 2.2.3 Double Confirm概念介紹   10 2.3 不同啟動及搜尋法則之實現   12 2.3.1 兩種啟動模式之搜尋範圍   12 2.3.2 Non-coherent於衛星訊號加強之結果   13 2.3.3 Double Confirm之分析   15 2.3.3.1 Double Confirm搜尋速度之提升結果   17 2.3.4 不同啟動模式及法則於搜尋速度之實驗   19 2.4 Multi-Channel架構偵測多路徑訊號   21 2.4.1 衛星訊號品質於定位準確性影響   21 2.4.2 Multi-Channel架構概述   22 2.4.3 Multi-Channel之分析結果   22 2.4.4 多路徑訊號偵測結果   25 第三章 導航解之穩定性及準確性提升   27 3.1 虛擬衛星輔助及位置解算方式概述   27 3.2 結合虛擬衛星之實驗   28 3.2.1 虛擬衛星發射器時鐘誤差修正法則   28 3.2.2 虛擬衛星發射器之訊號模擬分析   30 3.2.3 虛擬衛星發射器時鐘誤差修正結果   33 3.2.3.1 GS-100W於修正時鐘誤差結果   33 3.2.3.2 戶外之虛擬衛星發射器架構及結果   34 3.3 權重模型於導航解算準確性之提升   36 3.3.1 靜態定位實驗   39 3.3.2 動態定位實驗   43 3.4 卡爾曼濾波器概述   46 3.4.1 卡爾曼濾波器於定位解之改善結果   49 3.4.1.1 靜態定位實驗   49 3.4.1.2 動態定位實驗   53 3.5 Particle Filter概述   54 3.5.1 Particle Filter於定位解之改善結果   56 3.5.1.1 靜態定位實驗   57 3.5.1.2 動態定位實驗   58 第四章 總結及未來工作   60 4.1 結論   60 4.2 未來工作   60 參考文獻   62 附錄A: GPS1000接收器模組之軟硬體架構   64 A.1 GPS1000硬體架構   64 A.2 GPS 1000接收器模組之軟體架構   67 A.2.1 主程式執行之流程   67 A.2.1.1 啟動模式之區分   69 A.2.1.2 NMEA簡介   69 A.2.1.3 導航資料之驗證及存取   70 A.2.1.4 GPS定位解算   71 A.2.2 中斷程式之動作程序   72 A.2.2.1 Acquisition State   74 A.2.2.2 Confirm State   76 A.2.2.3 Pull-in State   77 A.2.2.4 Track State   78

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