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研究生： 鄭宇軒
Cheng, Yu-Hsuan
論文名稱： 獨立型電力系統頻率控制輔助服務規劃
Planning of Frequency Regulating Ancillary Services for an Isolated Power System
指導教授： 張簡樂仁
Chien, Le-Ren Chang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 103
中文關鍵詞： 頻率控制 、輔助服務 、運轉績效付費
外文關鍵詞： Frequency Control, Ancillary Services, Pay for Performance
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    • 頻率是電力系統反映供給與需求間平衡關係的重要指標。為了使系統頻率隨時維持在可接受的範圍內，電力系統必須準備相對應的輔助服務，以滿足運轉操作準則。首先，本論文概述由NERC制定之供需平衡操作標準，並回顧北美各市場之輔助服務。接著，本論文透過分析正常運轉與事故情況之歷史運轉資料，提出考量安全性與經濟性之輔助服務規劃。為維護頻控輔助服務之品質，本論文引入北美運轉績效付費概念，同時對台灣系統提供輔助服務之發電設備提供性能評估。

    Frequency is the important indicator to reflect load generation balance within a power system. To maintain system frequency in an acceptable range, power system has to prepare associated ancillary services to meet operating criteria. This thesis starts with the survey of operating standards to balance resource and demand, which was developed by NERC. Various ancillary service markets in the U.S. are also overviewed. A set of frequency control ancillary services in view of safety and economic standpoints is introduced by assessing the historical operation data under both normal and contingency conditions. In order to maintain the quality of the service, this thesis also introduces the concept of pay-for-performance for regulating resources and evaluates the performance of the frequency regulating units in Taiwan.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 VII 目錄 VIII 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XII 符號索引 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 本文貢獻 1 1.3 論文架構 1 第二章 北美頻控規範與輔助服務 3 2.1 前言 3 2.2 北美頻率控制規範 3 2.2.1 NERC簡介 3 2.2.2 控制效能標準 4 2.2.3 ERCOT實功平衡性能 5 2.2.4 擾動控制標準 6 2.2.5 系統頻率響應 8 2.3 頻控輔助服務類型 9 2.3.1 頻控輔助服務控制方式與協調關係 9 2.3.2 各市場頻控輔助服務類型比較 11 2.4 調頻備轉服務 15 2.5 事故備轉服務 17 2.6 本章結論 18 第三章 北美調頻機組性能評估 19 3.1 前言 19 3.2 運轉績效付費 19 3.2.1 制定背景 19 3.2.2 里程、運轉績效與結算 21 3.3 機組調頻性能評估 22 3.3.1 MISO機組調頻性能評估 22 3.3.2 PJM機組調頻性能評估 24 3.4 本章結論 31 第四章 台電系統頻控規範與頻控能力分析 32 4.1 前言 32 4.2 現行系統頻率控制準則 32 4.2.1 頻率控制項目與目標 32 4.2.2 頻率控制方式 33 4.2.3 備轉容量規劃 33 4.3 CPS1分數與參與頻控機組調頻能力分析 [44] 35 4.3.1 前言 35 4.3.2 分析方法 35 4.4 歷年事故分析 37 4.4.1 事故機組跳脫量與回復時間統計 37 4.4.2 事故對AGC margin變化量分析 [44] 42 4.4.3 系統頻率響應分析 44 4.5 應用於台電系統之DCS規範設計 50 4.5.1 DCS標準制定目的 50 4.5.2 考核上限定義 50 4.5.3 考核門檻 51 4.5.4 擾動回復時間 52 4.5.5 事故備轉回復時間 53 4.5.6 多重事故考核方式 53 4.5.7 DCS試算 53 4.6 本章結論 55 第五章 適用於台電系統之頻控輔助服務 56 5.1 前言 56 5.2 適用於台電的頻控輔助服務種類規劃 56 5.3 適合台電系統之調頻備轉服務規劃 58 5.3.1 考慮系統頻控效果之調頻備轉規劃 [44] 58 5.3.2 考慮事故之調頻備轉規劃 58 5.3.3 小結 59 5.4 因應台電系統事故之即時備轉與補充備轉服務規劃 60 5.4.1 前言 60 5.4.2 考量經濟性之即時備轉與補充備轉服務規劃 [44] 60 5.4.3 考量安全性之即時備轉與補充備轉服務規劃 60 5.4.4 小結 61 5.5 本章結論 61 第六章 台電頻控輔助服務機組性能需求 62 6.1 前言 62 6.2 現行台電機組測試方式 62 6.3 台電機組調頻性能評估 62 6.3.1 性能分數計算方法 62 6.3.2 台電機組性能分數統計 63 6.3.3 機組響應與性能分數關係 75 6.4 適合台電之即時備轉與補充備轉機組性能需求 85 6.5 本章結論 85 第七章 結論與未來研究方向 86 7.1 結論 86 7.2 未來研究方向 87 參考文獻 88 附錄A ERCOT初級頻率響應計算 91 附錄B NERC DCS BAL-002-1文件詳述 97 附錄C 性能分數計算流程 102

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