員工回流教育是世界的趨勢，研究其學習動機與成效的文章很多，然而針對組織氣候、員工的學習動機與學習行為對人力資源績效之相關性研究者較少，故本文研究的目的在探討組織氣候、員工參與回流教育的學習動機、學習行為與人力資源績效、個人及企業變項相互之影響關係。
　　研究方法係採結構式問卷調查，以多變量統計方法作實證分析，將研究結果彙整與說明，最後提出結論並提供管理當局改進組織氣候、員工參與回流教育及對後續研究者之建議。
　　本研究實証結論如下：一、成立有段時間的成熟公司，其組織氣候將會出現差異。二、組織氣候傾向風險與獎酬方面，學習動機會越強烈。三、具風險的組織氣候，對於學習行為有正面的影響。四、學習行為大部分由外在動機或是與外界的接觸而來，都對於學習行為有正向影響。五、具標準與認同的組織氣候對於人力資源績效的提升有顯著的影響。六、有強烈的學習動機，將使人力資源績效提高。七、學習行為與組織學習與績效之間具有顯著的正向關係。
　　以上結論可以對企業管理者、人力發展教育訓練工作者及企業在職人士提出具體的建議，使他們能更有成效實踐職場的成人繼續教育，促進組織及個人的成長。

　　The recurrent education for the employees is the trend of the world. Many articles have been written about its learning motivation and influence. But few studies have focused on the relationship of organizational climate, learning motivation and learning behavior of the employees toward human resource performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the interaction among organizational climate, employees’ learning motivation for recurrent education, learning behavior and human resource performance, and the variables of individuals and enterprises.
　　This research method adopted structural questionnaire survey and used multivariate statistical analysis to collect and explain the study result. Finally, the conclusion was proposed to provide a reference for administrative authority in improvement of organizational climate, and employees’ participation in recurrent education, and suggestion to subsequent researches.
　　The results of this study were as followings: 1. Difference appeared on organizational climate of a mature business that had established after a certain period of time. 2. As organizational climate tend to the aspects of risk and reward, learning motivation would become stronger. 3. Organizational climate with risk had a positive effect on learning behavior. 4. Most of learning behaviors came from extrinsic motivation or contact from outside world. Either of them had positive influence on learning behavior. 5. Organizational climate that contained standard and identification had significant effect on the increase of human resource performance. 6. The strong learning motivation would enhance the human resource performance. 7. There was significant positive relationship between learning behavior, and organizational learning and performance.
　　The results of the above research can be proposed concretely for business administrators, human resource development educators, and working people to attain a more effective practice in adult continuing education and development of organization and individual.

一、中文部分
1.王瑞弘（1995）。成人基本教育教師教學型態與學生學習行為關係之研究。
國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
2.王福林（1980）。新制師院學生與師專學生家庭社經地位及其學習行為、學業成就之分析
調查。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
3.李文瑞（1980）。介紹激發學習動機的ARCS 模式教學策略。台灣教育， 479， 22-24。
4.沙依仁（1998）。人類行為與社會環境。台北：五南出版社。
5.許士軍（1972），有關黎史（Litwin and Stringer）二氏組織氣候尺度在我國企業機構之
適用性之探討，國立政治大學學報，第26 期，pp. 103-138。
6.許士軍（1977），工作滿足、個人特徵與組織氣候-文獻探討及實證研究，國立政治大學學
報，35，13-56。
7.林淑理（1990）。高職延修生自我概念、學習行為與學校適應之相關研究。國立臺灣師範
大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
8.張新仁（1982）。國中學生學習行為－ 學習方法、學習習慣與學習態度之關係研究。國立
臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
9.張春興（1997）。教育心理學。台北： 東華書局。
10.黃月麗 (1988)，台北市國民中學校長與教師對組織氣氛知覺差異之研究，政治大學教育
研究所碩士論文。
11.黃富順 (1992)。成人的學習動機。高雄:復文書局。
12.陳志樺 (2002)。成人技職繼續教育參與動機與障礙因素之相關研究。國立彰化師範大學
工業教育研究所，未出版博士論文。
13.鄭增財（1995）。台北市國中技藝教育班學生學習態度及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師
範大學工業教育研究所碩士論文。
14.鄧運林（1992）。自我導向學習對成人學生學習行為、學業成績影響之實驗研究。國立政
治大學教育研究所博士論文，未出版，嘉義。
15.羅芙蓉（1994）。學習行為量表。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所編製。
16.羅芙蓉（1987）。國小資優與普通兒童父母教導方式與學習行為之關係。國立台灣師範大
學教育研究所碩士論文。
17.盧美貴(1985)。父母教養方式與國小資優兒童學習行為之比較研究。北市師專學報，16，
123-202 頁。
18.詹美娟（1994）。大學成人學生及傳統學生學習特性之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學社會
教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。

二、英文部分
1.Adela J McMurray. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge.
Hollywood: Sep 2003. Vol. 3, Iss. 1/2; p. 1

2.Amy Edmondson（1999）Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams.
Administrative Science Quarterly. Ithaca: Jun 1999. Vol. 44, Iss. 2; p. 350

3.Apps, J. W. Higher Education in a Learning Society, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass,
1988.

4.Altmann, Rob.（2000）Understand the organizational climate: start minimizing
your workforce problems, The Canadian Manager. Toronto: Summer 2000. Vol. 25,
Iss. 2; p. 15

5.Baiyin Yang, Diaopin Rosa Lu（2001）Predicting academic performance in
management education: An empirical investigation of MBA success，Journal of
Education for Business. Washington: Sep/Oct 2001

6.Berdie,R.F.(1965).Perceptions of the University of Minnesota. Mimeo :A Progress
Report.

7.Bernard, H. W. (1962). Psychology of learning and teaching. Boston: Allyn &
Bacon.

8.Boulmetis, J. Helping adult through their career transitions. Adult Learning,
vol.8, no.3, 1997, 11-12.

9.Boshier, R.(1971). Motivational Orientations of Adult Education Participants: A
Factor Analytic Exploration of Houle's Typology. Adult Education ,21,2,
3-26.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.EJ034 438)

10.Burgess, P. (1971). Reasons for adult participation in-group educational
activity. Adult Education, 22(1), 3-29.

11.Campell, J., Dunnette, M.D., Lawler, E.E., & Weick, K.E.(1970), Managerial
behavior, performance, and effectiveness, New York: McGraw-Hill.

12.Chan, C A & Lim L（2003）.Examining the linkages between team learning
behaviors and team performance The Learning Organization. Bradford: 2003. Vol.
10, Iss. 4/5; p. 228

13.Cole M.S, Feild H. S & Harris S. G（2004） Student Learning Motivation and
Psychological Hardiness: Interactive Effects on Students' Reactions to a
Management Class. Academy of Management Learning & Education. Briarcliff
Manor: Mar 2004. Vol. 3, Iss. 1; p. 64

14.Cookson, P. S. (1986). A framework for theory and research on adult education
participation. Adult Education Quarterly, 36(3), 130-141.

15.Cross, K.P. (1982). Adult as learners：Increasing participation and
facilitating learning.San Francisco： Jossey-Bass.

16.Darkenwald, G. Factor structure of deterrents to public participation in adult
education. Adult Education Quarterly. Vol.35, no.4, Summer, 1985, 177-193.

17.Delaney,J.T.&Huselid,M.A（1996）.The Impact of Human Resource Management
Practices on Perceptions of Organizational Performance. Academy of Management
Journal,Vol39,No.4,949-969.

18.Dessler, G. (1976), Organization and Management: a contingency approach, N.
Y.:Prentice-Hall.

19.Dessler, G.(1979), Organization and management: A contingency approach,
Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

20.Domjan,M ＆ Burkhard,B（1986）.The principle of learning ＆ behavior.
Montereg,Galif：Brooks/Cole Pub. Co.

21.Donald.J W（1984） Educating the Entrepreneur: Understanding Adult Learning
Behavior, Journal of Small Business Management. Milwaukee: Apr 1984. Vol. 22,
Iss. 2; p. 32

22.Dondero, Grace Marie. （1997）Organizational climate and teacher autonomy:
implications for educational reform.The International Journal of Educational
Management. Bradford: 1997. Vol. 11, Iss. 5; p. 218

23.Ellinger.A. D（2004）The Concept of Self-Directed Learning and Its
Implications for Human Resource Development, Advances in Developing Human
Resources. San Francisco: May 2004. Vol. 6, Iss. 2; p. 158

24.Falaki, M., （1992）“The Relationship between Motivation of Adults and
Participation in Adult Basic Education,”Dissertation Abstracts International,
vol.44, 983, pp.956-A.

25.Gomez-Mejia, Luis R.. Evaluating Employee Performance: Does the Appraisal
Instrument Make a Difference? Journal of Organizational Behavior Management.
New York: 1988. Vol. 9, Iss. 2; p. 155

26.Gomez-Mejia,Balkin,Cardy(1998).Managing Human Resources.Upper Saddle River,NJ:
Prentice-Hall.

27.Harvey, C.（1995） Increasing course completion rates. Adults Learning,
February,

28.Houle, C.O. (1961). The inquiring mind. Madison : University of Wisconsin
Press.

29.James, L. and D. Ashe (1990), “The meaning of organizations: The role of
cognition and values”, Organizational climate and culture, pp.40-84.

30.Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional
design. Journal of Instructional Development,10(3), 2-10.

31.Kristin Smith-Crowe, Michael J Burke, Ronald S Landis. （2003）Organizational
climate as a moderator of safety knowledge-safety performance relationships
Journal of Organizational Behavior. Chichester: Nov 2003. Vol. 24, Iss. 7; p.
861

32.Litwin, G. H. and R. A. Stringer, (1968), Motivation and Organizational
Climate,Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard
University.

33.Jocelyn J Johnson（2000） Differences in supervisor and non-supervisor
perceptions of quality culture and organizational climate. Public Personnel
Management. Washington: Spring 2000. Vol. 29, Iss. 1; p. 119

34.Mark A. Shadur, Rene Kienzle and John J. Rodwell（1999）, The Relationship
Between Organizational Climate and Employee Perceptions of Involvement, Group
and Organizational Management, Vol 24 No 4 December 1999 479 - 503.

35.Markus Baer, Michael Frese（2003）, Innovation is not enough: Climates for
initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm
performance, Journal of Organizational Behavior. Chichester: Feb 2003

36.Mayer, R.E. (1988). Learning strategies: An overview. In Weinstein, C. E.,
Goets, E. T., & Alexander F. A.(Eds.), Learning and study s trategies: Issues
in assessment, instruction, and evaluation. NY:Academic Press.

37.Miller, H.L. (1967), Participation of Adults in Education: A Force-Field
Analysis,Boston: Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults, Boston
University.

38.Monica A Hemingway, Carlla S Smith.（1999）Organizational climate and
occupational stressors as predictors of withdrawal behaviours and injuries in
nurses Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Leicester: Sep
1999. Vol. 72; p. 285

39.Kasworm,C.E.＆Marienau,C.A.（1997）Principles for assessment of adult
learning.In Rose ,A.D. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

40.Moran, E. T. and Volkwein, J. F. (1992). ' The cultural approach to the
formation of organisational climate', Human Relations, 45 (1), pp19-46

41.O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1994). Working smarter and harder: A
longitudinal study of managerial success. Administrative Science Quarterly,
39, 603-627.

42.Rezabek, Roger Joseph (1998). A study of the motives, barriers, and
enablersaffecting participation in adult distance education classes in an
Iowacommunity college. University of Northern Iowa. ISBN: 0-599-30294-1.
DAI-A60/05,1434.

43.Rodney A McCloy, Lauress L Wise（2002）.Invited reaction: The effects of
personality, affectivity, and work commitment on motivation to improve work
through learning Human Resource Development Quarterly. San Francisco: Winter
2002. Vol. 13, Iss. 4; p. 377 (6 pages)

44.Ryan, Ann Marie, Schmit, Mark J. （1996）An assessment of organizational
climate and P-E fit: A tool for organizational change International Journal of
Organizational Analysis. Bowling Green: Jan 1996. Vol. 4, Iss. 1; p. 75

45.Schneider, B. (1975), “Organizational Climate: An Essay”, Personnel
Psychology,Vol.28, pp.447-479.

46.Scott, S. G. and R. A. Bruce (1994), “Determinants of innovative behavior: A
path model of individual innovation in workplace”, Academy of Management
Journal, Vol. 37, No.3, pp.580-607.

47.Sheffield, S.B. (1964). The Orientation of Adult Continuing Learners, In D.

48.Taguri, R. and G. H. Litwin (1968), Organizational Climate: Explorations of
Concept,Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard
University.

49.Tennant,M ＆ Pogson,P（1995）.Learning and change in the adult years. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

50.Weinrauch, J. Donald.（1984）Educating the Entrepreneur: Understanding Adult
Learning Behavior, Journal of Small Business Management. Milwaukee: Apr 1984.
Vol. 22, Iss. 2; p. 32

51.Winter, A.S. (1991). A Study of the Motivations and Product Benefit
Perceptions of Adult Undergraduate Degree Students at Shippensburg University.
doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University.

52.Zemke, R. & Zemke, S.（1995） Adult learning what do we know for sure.
Training,June, 1995, 31-40.