| 研究生: |
余軒 Yu, Hsuan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
鐵摻雜對高介電鈦酸鍶鋇薄膜影響之特性分析 Influence of Fe-doping on the Properties of High-dielectric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Thin Film |
| 指導教授: |
李炳鈞
Li, Bing-Jing |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2009 |
| 畢業學年度: | 97 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 97 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 薄膜 、鐵摻雜 、高介電 、鈦酸鍶鋇 、漏電流 、MIM 、DRAM 、介電常數 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | BST, high-k, Fe-doping, thin film, MIM, DRAM, leakage current, dielectric constant |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:74 下載:1 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本實驗以射頻磁控濺鍍機沉積鐵摻雜量分別為0wt%、0.25wt%、0.5wt%、1wt%、2wt%、3wt%和5wt%的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜於Pt/SiO2/Si(100)基板,以MIM結構來製作,進行探討其鐵摻雜對於鈦酸鍶鋇薄膜之結晶相和電性之影響與特性分析,其中鈦酸鍶鋇介電層的膜厚約450nm。
在晶相研究方面,本實驗將以XRD量測,並以Winfit軟體輔助,以及做AFM及SEM量測其薄膜表面粗糙度和薄膜表面形態影像;電性方面將由Agilent4294A阻抗分析儀來做C-V量測,並換算成相對介電常數εr,並以Agilent E5270B電壓電流量測儀來量測I-V關係,觀察其漏電流的大小。
經由I-V量測可得到在鐵摻雜量為0.5wt、1wt%、2wt%有較小的漏電流密度,其中最小的漏電流密度為2wt%的摻雜量,在電場強度100(kV/cm)為5.924×10-8(A/cm2),但是電容值與相對介電常數卻呈現隨著摻雜量愈多而減少的趨勢;另外根據本實驗AFM與SEM分析結果也顯示在微量摻雜有較低的表面粗糙度,以及較緻密的結晶結構,這也代表著較緻密的結晶有較低的漏電流。
In this study, the Fe-doped Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 high dielectric thin films with Fe content of 0wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% were deposited by rf magnetron sputter on Pt/SiO2/Si substrates, and MIM structures are fabricated. Discussion and analysis the influence of Fe dopant to the BST thin film with the relation of crystallization and electrical properties.
The crystallization and microstructure were obtained by XRD, AFM and SEM measurement. The electrical properties measurements of C-V were obtained by Agilent4294A impedance analyzer, and calculated the relative dielectric constants, and Agilent E5270B measured the relation of I-V characteristics.
The result of XRD means Fe-doped BST thin films still hold it’s perovskite structure, and the Fe3+ ion substituted the Ti4+ site of BST structure. Doping slightly Fe to the BST thin film leads to more dense of the morphology of SEM measurement, and AFM measurement shows the surface roughness of the film were more smoothly. The electrical properties of I-V relation come to the lowest leakage current appeared in Fe content of 0.5wt%, 1wt%, and 2wt% of BST thin film, with 5.924×10-8(A/cm2) in electric field 100(kV/cm) of 2wt% Fe content sample, but the dielectric constants and capacitance decreased after Fe doping. The more dense film leads to lower leakage current density.
[1]吳偉豪, "高介電常數材料於MOSFET閘極介電層之應用," 電子月刊, vol. 第十一卷第四期, 2005.
[2]A. I. Kingon, J. P. Maria, and S. K. Streiffer, "Alternative dielectrics to silicon dioxide for memory and logic devices," Nature, vol. 406, pp. 1032-1038, 2000.
[3]S. Ezhilvalavan and T. Y. Tseng, "Progress in the development of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films for Gigabit era DRAMs," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 65, pp. 227-248, 2000.
[4]S. Yamamichi, T. Sakuma, K. Takemura, and Y. Miyasaka, "SrTiO3 Thin Film Preparation by Ion Beam Sputtering and Its Dielectric Properties," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 30, pp. 2193-2196, 1991.
[5]W. S. Choi, B. S. Jang, Y. Roh, J. Yi, and B. Hong, "The effect of deposition temperature on the electrical and physical properties of the Ba(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films," Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 303, pp. 190-193, 2002.
[6]T. Hu, T. J. Price, D. M. Iddles, A. Uusimaki, and H. Jantunen, "The effect of Mn on the microstructure and properties of BaSrTiO3 with B2O3–Li2CO3," Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 25, pp. 2531-2535, 2005.
[7]C. S. Hwang, "(BaSr)TiO3 thin films for ultra large scale dynamic random access menory.," Materials science and Engineering vol. B56, pp. 178-190, 1998.
[8]K. Imai, S. Takeno, and K. Nakamura, "Effect of Fe Doping of Thin (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Films on Increase in Dielectric Constant," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 41, pp. 6060-6064, 2002.
[9]Y. Yonezawa, M. Kato, and Y. Konishi, "Growth and Electrical Properties of Fe doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition," in Materials Research Society. vol. Symposium C, 2001 Fall.
[10]W. Hofman, S. Hoffmann, and R. Waser, "Dopant influence on dielectric losses, leakage behaviour, and resistance degradation of SrTiO3 thin films," Thin Solid Films, vol. 305, pp. 66-73, 1997.
[11]S. B. Herner, F. A. Selmi, V. V. Varadan, and V. K. Varadan, "The effect of various dopants on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate," Materials Letters, vol. 15, pp. 317-324, 1993.
[12]X. Liang, Z. Meng, and W. Wu, "Effect of Acceptor and Donor Dopants on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 87, pp. 2218-2222, 2004.
[13]D. Misra, N. A. Choudhury, R. Garg, and P. Srinivasan, "Integration of High-K Dielectrics into Sub-65nm CMOS Technology: Requirements and Challenges," in IEEE, pp. 320-323.
[14]M. T. Yu, S.-W. Jeong, H. J. Lee, and Y. Roh, "Characteristics of high-k gate oxide prepared by oxidation of multi-layered Hf/Zr/Hf/Zr/Hf metal films," Thin Solid Films, 2007.
[15]D. A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3 ed.: McGraw Hill, 2003.
[16]S. J. Wang, Y. F. Dong, Y. P. Feng, and A. C. H. Huan, "Band engineering in the high-k dielectrics gate stacks," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 84, pp. 2332-2335, 2007.
[17]魏炯權, 電工材料: 全華科技圖書股份有限公司, 1996.
[18]A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, Electroceramics: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2003.
[19]Y. M. Chiang, I. Dunbar P. Birnie, and W. D. Kingery, Physical Ceramics: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
[20]王建義(編譯), 白木靖寬, and 吉田貞史, 薄膜工程學: 全華科技圖書股份有限公司, 1994.
[21]J. H. Joo, Y. C. Jeon, J. M. Seon, K. Y. Oh, J. S. Roh, and J. J. Kim, "Effects of Post-Annealing on the Conduction Properties of Pt/(Ba,Sr)TiO3/Pt Capacitors for Dynamic Random Access Memory Application," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 36, pp. 4382-4385, 1997.
[22]G. W. Dietz, M. Schumacher, R. Waser, S. K. Streiffer, C. Basceri, and A. I. Kingon, "Leakage currents in Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films for ultrahigh-density dynamic random access memories," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 82, pp. 2359-2641, 1997.
[23]Y. C. Choi and B. S. Lee, "Bottom electrode dependence of the properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin film capacitors," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 61, pp. 124-129, 1999.
[24]D. William and J. Callister, Fundamentals of materials science and engineering : an integrated approach 2nd ed.: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
[25]曾俊元 and 蔡明憲, "高介電材料鈦酸鍶鋇薄膜的缺陷與電性探討," 電子月刊, vol. 第5卷第5期, 1999.
[26]S. B. Majumder, M. Jain, A. Martinez, R. S. Katiyar, F. W. V. Keuls, and F. A. Miranda, "Sol-gel derived grain oriented barium strontium titanate thin films for phase shifter applications," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 90, pp. 896-903, 2001.
[27]J. K. Kim, S. S. Kim, W. J. Kim, T. G. Ha, I. S. Kim, J. S. Song, R. Guo, and A. S. Bhalla, "Improved ferroelectric properties of Cr-doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films prepared by wet chemical deposition," Materials Letters, vol. 60, pp. 2322-2325, 2006.
[28]P. Padmini, T. R. Taylor, M. J. Lefevre, A. S. Nagra, R. A. York, and J. S. Speck, "Realization of high tunability barium strontium titanate thin films by rf magnetron sputtering," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 75, pp. 3186-3188, 1999.
[29]C. S. Hwang, "(Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films for ultra large scale dynamic random access memory. A review on the process integration," Materials Science and Engineering, vol. B56, pp. 178-190, 1998.
[30]D.-S. Kil, J.-B. Park, D.-S. Yoon, C.-R. Song, H.-J. Cho, Y.-s. Kim, Y.-S. Yu, J.-S. Roh, and H.-K. Yoon, "Leakage Current Characteristics of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Thin Films Deposited on Ru Electrodes Prepared by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 40, pp. 3260–3265, 2001.
[31]A. Kumar and S. G. Manavalan, "Characterization of barium strontium titanate thin films for tunable microwave and DRAM applications," Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 198, pp. 406-413, 2005.
[32]H. Sunami, T. Kure, N. Hashimoto, K. Itoh, T. Toyabe, and S. Asai, "A Corrugated Capacitor Cell (CCC) for Megabit Dynamic MOS emosies," in IEEE Electron Device Letters. vol. 4, 1983, pp. 90- 91.
[33]M. Sakamoto, T. Katoh, H. Abiko, T. Shimizu, H. Mikoshiba, Y. Hokari, K. Hamano, and K. Kobayashi, "Buried storage electrode (BSE) cell for megabit DRAMs," in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. vol. 31, 1985, pp. 710- 713.
[34]W. F. Richardson, D. M. Bordelon, G. P. Pollack, A. H. Shah, S. D. S. Malhi, H. Shichijo, S. K. Banerjee, M. Elahy, R. H. Womack, C. P. Wang, J. Gallia, H. E. Davis, and P. K. Chatterjee, "A trench transistor cross-point DRAM cell," in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting vol. 31, 1985, pp. 714-717.
[35]N. Lu, P. Cottrell, W. Craig, S. Dash, D. Critchlow, R. Mohler, B. Machesney, T. Ning, W. Noble, R. Parent, R. Scheuerlein, E. Sprogis, and L. Terman, "The SPT cell—A new substrate-plate trench cell for DRAMs," in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. vol. 31, 1985, pp. 771-772.
[36]M. Taguchi, S. Ando, N. Higaki, G. Goto, T. Ema, K. Hashimoto, T. Yabu, and T. Nakano, "Dielectrically encapsulated trench capacitor cell," in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. vol. 32, 1986, pp. 136-139.
[37]Y. Takernae, T. Ema, M. Nakano, F. Baba, T. Yabu, K. Miyasaka, and KazunariShirai, "A 1Mb DRAM with 3-Dimensional Stacked Capacitor Cells," in IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. vol. XXVIII, 1985, pp. 250- 251.
[38]M. Koyanagi, H. Sunami, N. Hashimoto, and M. Ashikawa, "Novel high density, stacked capacitor MOS RAM," in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. vol. 24, 1987.
[39]C. Fitz, M. Goldbach, A. Dupont, and S. Schmidbauer, "Silicides as contact material for DRAM applications," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 82, pp. 460-466, 2005.
[40]陳逸書, "以稀土元素Y2O3為金氧半場效電晶體閘極氧化層之研究," in 電子工程系. vol. 碩士 新竹: 中原大學, 2002.
[41]J. S. Lee, S. C. Sun, S. J. Chang, J. F. Chen, C. H. Liu, and U. H. Liaw, "Effects of Interfacial Oxide Layer for the Ta2O5 Capacitor After High-Temperature Annealing," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 41, pp. 690-693, 2002.
[42]J. S. Lee, S. J. Chang, J. F. Chena, S. C. Sun, C. H. Liu, and U. H. Liawd, "Effects of O2 thermal annealing on the properties of CVD Ta2O5 thin films," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 77, pp. 242-247, 2001.
[43]S. A. Campbell, D. C. Gilmer, X. C. Wang, M. T. Hsieh, H. S. Kim, W. L. Gladfelter, and J. Yan, "MOSFET Transistors Fabricated with High Permitivity TiO2 Dielectrics," IEEE Transactions on electron devices, vol. 44, pp. 104-110, 1997.
[44]R. B. v. Dovera, "Amorphous lanthanide-doped TiOx dielectric films," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 74, pp. 3041-3044, 1999.
[45]Y. Tarui, T. Hirai, K. Teramoto, and H. Koike, "Application of the ferroelectric materials to ULSI memories," Applied Surface Science, vol. 113-114, pp. 656-663, 1997.
[46]呂琪瑋 and 曾俊元, "鈦酸鍶鋇薄膜在微波通訊的應用," 電子月刊, vol. 第6卷第10期, 2000.
[47]K. T. Kang, M. H. Lim, H. G. Kim, I. D. Kim, and J. M. Hong, "High field-effect mobility ZnO thin-film transistors with Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 gate insulator on plastic substrates," Applied physics letters, vol. 90, p. 043502, 2007.
[48]K. T. Kang, D. Kim, M. H. Lim, H. G. Kim, and J. M. Hong, "Annealing effect on dielectric and leakage current characteristics of Mn-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films as gate insulators for low voltage ZnO thin film transistor," Thin Solid Films, vol. Available online, 2007.
[49]J. D. Baniecki, P. R. Duncombe, D. Kotecki, R. Laibowitz, D. A. Neumayer, and T. M. Shaw, "Compensation doping of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 73, pp. 1832-1834, 1998.
[50]M. S. Tsai, S. C. Sun, and T. Y. Tseng, "Effect of oxygen to argon ratio on properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 82, pp. 3482-3487, 1997.
[51]D. C. Yoo and J. Y. Lee, "Effects of post-annealing on the interface microstructure of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 224, pp. 251-255, 2001.
[52]Y.-C. Lee, "A Study of Barium Strontium Titanate High Dielectric Thin Films Deposited by RF-Sputter," 06-01 2001.
[53]李國輝, "MIS 電容結構添加Mn之BaxSr1-xTiO3高介電薄膜之製備與分析," in 電機工程研究所. vol. 碩士論文: 國立成奶j學, 2007.
[54]C.-P. Lin, "Effect of substrate heating on the characteristics of barium strontium titanate thin films," Materials Science and Engineering, 2002.
[55]V. K. Pecharsky and P. Y. Zavalij, Fundamentals of powder diffraction and structural characterization of materials. New York: Springer, 2005.
[56]H. Bubert and H. Jenett, Surface and Thin Film Analysis: Wiley-VCH, 2002.
[57]M. Ohring, Materials Science of Thin Films: academic press, 2002.
[58]K. H. Yoon, J. C. Lee, J. Park, D. H. Kang, C. M. Song, and Y. G. Seo, "Electrical Properties of Mg Doped (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 Thin Films," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 40, pp. 5497-5500, 2001.
[59]Y. A. Jeon, T. S. Seo, and S. G. Yoon, "Effect of Ni Doping on Improvement of the Tunability and Dielectric Loss of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Thin Films for Microwave Tunable Devices," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 40, pp. 6496-6500, 2001.
[60]G. Yang, "The fabrication and characteristics of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 242, pp. 172-176, 2002.
[61]M. Jain, S. B. Majumder, R. S. Katiyar, F. A. Miranda, and F. W. V. Keuls, "Improvement in electrical characteristics of graded manganese doped barium strontium titanate thin films," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 82, pp. 1911-1913, 2003.
[62]魏炯權, 電子陶瓷材料: 全華科技圖書股份有限公司, 2004.