近年來，太陽能被廣泛的應用，且具有可再生、環保、可靠性高等優點。然而太陽能系統功率輸出易受到照度影響，當太陽能陣列中各個模組被遮蔽或接收到不同光照強度時，太陽能模組會產生不同的電流大小，發生串聯電流不匹配的現象而導致功率損耗以及增加太陽能系統輸出功率-電壓曲線的複雜度，此現象被稱為部分遮蔽效應。為降低部分效應所造成的影響，有許多靜態重組電路技術被提出，藉由改變太陽能陣列串並聯接線以分散陰影效應，而降低串聯電流不匹配造成之損耗，並提升系統功率輸出。
本論文旨在研究太陽能靜態重組電路技術，藉由設計創新之互補式數獨法、改良式互補式數獨法、以及功率損耗估算指標，以研製最佳效能並具擴充性之太陽能靜態重組電路系統。首先，部分遮蔽常見的陰影分佈為角落陰影模式，本論文中的互補式數獨法特別設計互補式對角線排列規則，以減輕太陽能陣列中常見的角落陰影模式。為了驗證和比較互補式數獨法的性能，本論文設計六種常見部分遮蔽情況以及比較其他四種靜態重組電路技術。驗證結果顯示互補式數獨法在這五種靜態重組電路技術中，具有最低的平均功率損耗以及最高的平均功率改善。此外，當互補式數獨法和原本的全跨接接線方式做比較，互補式數獨法的平均功率輸出可以提升14.6%。尤其在角落陰影模式下可以提升18.69的平均功率輸出。
本論文為了進一步探討互補式數獨法擴充性之問題，將互補式數獨法應用於8 × 8太陽能陣列，從實驗結果觀察出，互補式數獨法在角落陰影模式依然表現優異，但在中央陰影模式下時，互補式數獨法陰影分散效果不佳相較於其他靜態重組方法。為了進一步改善中央陰影模式下的分散效果，本論文提出改良式互補式數獨法。改良式互補式數獨法結合優化數獨法中的排列規則以及互補式數獨法中互補式對角線排列規則，結合此兩種數獨法的規則並改良規則，以改善太陽能陣列中常見的中心陰影和角落陰影模式。為了驗證和比較改良式互補式數獨法的性能，本論文設計九種常見部分遮蔽情況以及比較其他四種靜態重組電路技術。從驗證結果可以得知，在中央陰影模式下，改良式互補式數獨法比互補式數獨法提升14.62%的平均功率輸出。此外，改良式互補式數獨法在這五種靜態重組電路技術中，具有最低的平均功率損耗以及最高的平均功率改善。驗證結果證明改良式互補式數獨法在減輕中央和角落陰影效應的有效性。在本論文提出的改良式互補式數獨法具有提高功率輸出、降低列電流失配損耗、提高陰影分散能力並具有良好的可擴展性之優點。
最後，本論文從太陽能電路模型方程式中，推導出兩種功率損耗估算指標應用於靜態重組電路技術性能比較。驗證結果證明此兩種功率損耗估算指標和實際功率損耗具有高度的相關性(r2 = 0.9655 and 0.9590)。因此，此兩種功率損耗估算指標是一種潛在的診斷工具，有助於分析部分遮蔽對太陽能陣列性能的不利影響，並可用於初步評估不同重組電路策略之功效。

Solar energy has become increasingly popular in recent years. It is a renewable, eco-friendly, and maintenance-free energy source. However, the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) array can vary greatly depending on environmental conditions such as irradiance and temperature variations. For example, when each individual module of a PV array receives a different level of irradiance, this is called partial shading conditions (PSCs). PSCs can cause current mismatches, power losses, and complexity in the power-voltage curve. To address these issues, numerous static reconfiguration methods have been proposed that modify the hardware circuit connections.
In this dissertation, a complementary SuDoKu puzzle (CSDKP) and modified complementary SuDoKu puzzle (MC-SDKP) topologies are proposed to further enhance the output power of PV arrays under partial shading conditions (PSCs) and simplify the arrangement of the topology based on the static reconfiguration circuit for a PV array. Additionally, two novel performance-evaluation indexes are proposed for the performance comparison of the topologies. In the CSDKP topology, an especially-designed complementary diagonal circuit arrangement is used to mitigate the common corner-shading patterns in a PV array, which are typically caused by the direction of sunlight or mutual module shadings. For validation, six PSC patterns are considered, and the output of a PV array configured using the proposed CSDKP topology is evaluated and compared with four other topologies. The evaluation results demonstrated that the CSDKP topology offered the lowest averaged power loss (12.86%) and the highest averaged maximum-power improvement (14.6%) among the five topologies. When compared with the benchmark total cross-tied (TCT) topology under these shading pattern conditions, the average power output of the array using the CSDKP topology improved by approximately 14.6%. Additionally, the CSDKP topology had the better average power output under the other four corner-shading patterns, with approximately an 18.9% maximum-power improvement when compared with the TCT benchmark.
To further discuss the scalability of the CSDKP, the topology was expanded to an 8 × 8 PV array. Experimental results showed that the CSDKP can improve power output and reduce mismatch losses under corner shading, but it may not be as effective as other topologies under center shading. To disperse cases of both center shading and corner shading, the MC-SDKP technique modified and combined the Optimal SDKP and CSDKP topologies. An 8 × 8 PV array configured with the MC-SDKP topology was exposed to nine different shading cases, and its performance was compared with that of the other four topologies. The performance evaluation results confirmed that the PV array produced the highest average power output when configured according to the MC-SDKP topology. The PV array with the MC-SDKP topology also exhibited the lowest average power loss (1.34%). Additionally, the MC-SDKP topology had the better average power output under the center-shading patterns, with approximately a 14.62% average maximum-power improvement when compared with the CSDKP topology. This study clearly established the effectiveness of the MC-SDKP topology at mitigating the effects of both center and corner shading. The advantages of the MC-SDKP static reconfiguration technique are: an increase in extracted power, a reduction in current mismatch losses, an improvement in shade dispersion, and good scalability.
Two novel performance-evaluation indexes are proposed in this dissertation for the performance comparison of the topologies. Based on the evaluation results, the two proposed indexes approximately evaluated the power loss of a PV array with high correlation coefficients (r2 = 0.9655 and 0.9590). These indexes calculate the current differences and roughly estimate the group module power losses. As a result, the two power loss estimation indexes are a potential diagnostic tool that could help in the analysis of the adverse impact of partial shading conditions (PSCs) on the performance of the PV array. In addition, the two indexes could be used for the preliminary assessment of the performance of different reconfiguration circuit strategies.

[1] S. Mohanty, B. Subudhi, and P. K. Ray, "A New MPPT Design Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181-188, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2482120.
[2] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh, and B. K. Panigrahi, "Self-Adaptive Incremental Conductance Algorithm for Swift and Ripple-Free Maximum Power Harvesting From PV Array," IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 2031-2041, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TII.2017.2765083.
[3] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh, and B. K. Panigrahi, "Normal Harmonic Search Algorithm-Based MPPT for Solar PV System and Integrated With Grid Using Reduced Sensor Approach and PNKLMS Algorithm," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 6343-6352, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2853744.
[4] Y.-P. Huang, C.-E. Ye, and X. Chen, "A Modified Firefly Algorithm with Rapid Response Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions," Energies, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 2284, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2284.
[5] G. Li, Y. Jin, M. W. Akram, X. Chen, and J. Ji, "Application of bio-inspired algorithms in maximum power point tracking for PV systems under partial shading conditions – A review," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 81, pp. 840-873, 2018/01/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.034.
[6] A. Mohapatra, B. Nayak, P. Das, and K. B. Mohanty, "A review on MPPT techniques of PV system under partial shading condition," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 80, pp. 854-867, 2017/12/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.083.
[7] F. Belhachat and C. Larbes, "A review of global maximum power point tracking techniques of photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 92, pp. 513-553, 2018/09/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.094.
[8] G. Dileep and S. N. Singh, "Application of soft computing techniques for maximum power point tracking of SPV system," Sol. Energy, vol. 141, pp. 182-202, 2017/01/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.11.034.
[9] Y. P. Huang, M. Y. Huang, and C. E. Ye, "A Fusion Firefly Algorithm With Simplified Propagation for Photovoltaic MPPT Under Partial Shading Conditions," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2641-2652, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2968752.
[10] S. K. Vankadara, S. Chatterjee, P. K. Balachandran, and L. Mihet-Popa, "Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA)-Based MPPT Technique for Solar PV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions," Energies, vol. 15, no. 17, p. 6172, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6172.
[11] A. Cappelletti, M. Catelani, L. Ciani, M. K. Kazimierczuk, and A. Reatti, "Practical Issues and Characterization of a Photovoltaic/Thermal Linear Focus $20\times $ Solar Concentrator," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 2464-2475, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2016.2588638.
[12] T. Alves, J. P. N. Torres, R. A. Marques Lameirinhas, and C. A. F. Fernandes, "Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels," Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3863, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3863.
[13] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh, and B. K. Panigrahi, "Single Sensor-Based MPPT of Partially Shaded PV System for Battery Charging by Using Cauchy and Gaussian Sine Cosine Optimization," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 983-992, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2017.2669518.
[14] J. P. Ram and N. Rajasekar, "A Novel Flower Pollination Based Global Maximum Power Point Method for Solar Maximum Power Point Tracking," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 8486-8499, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2645449.
[15] Y.-P. Huang and S.-Y. Hsu, "A performance evaluation model of a high concentration photovoltaic module with a fractional open circuit voltage-based maximum power point tracking algorithm," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 51, pp. 331-342, 2016/04/01/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2016.01.009.
[16] G. Sai Krishna and T. Moger, "Reconfiguration strategies for reducing partial shading effects in photovoltaic arrays: State of the art," Sol. Energy, vol. 182, pp. 429-452, 2019/04/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.057.
[17] D. La Manna, V. Li Vigni, E. Riva Sanseverino, V. Di Dio, and P. Romano, "Reconfigurable electrical interconnection strategies for photovoltaic arrays: A review," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 33, pp. 412-426, 2014/05/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.070.
[18] A. M. Ajmal, T. Sudhakar Babu, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, D. Yousri, and J. B. Ekanayake, "Static and dynamic reconfiguration approaches for mitigation of partial shading influence in photovoltaic arrays," Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 40, p. 100738, 2020/08/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100738.
[19] D. S. Pillai, N. Rajasekar, J. P. Ram, and V. K. Chinnaiyan, "Design and testing of two phase array reconfiguration procedure for maximizing power in solar PV systems under partial shade conditions (PSC)," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 178, pp. 92-110, 2018/12/15/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.020.
[20] A. Fathy, "Recent meta-heuristic grasshopper optimization algorithm for optimal reconfiguration of partially shaded PV array," Sol. Energy, vol. 171, pp. 638-651, 2018/09/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.014.
[21] S. N. Deshkar, S. B. Dhale, J. S. Mukherjee, T. S. Babu, and N. Rajasekar, "Solar PV array reconfiguration under partial shading conditions for maximum power extraction using genetic algorithm," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 43, pp. 102-110, 2015/03/01/ 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.098.
[22] T. S. Babu, J. P. Ram, T. Dragičević, M. Miyatake, F. Blaabjerg, and N. Rajasekar, "Particle Swarm Optimization Based Solar PV Array Reconfiguration of the Maximum Power Extraction Under Partial Shading Conditions," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 74-85, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2714905.
[23] B. Dhanalakshmi and N. Rajasekar, "The Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Power Extraction of Solar PV Array," in Advances in Smart Grid and Renewable Energy: Springer, 2018, pp. 39-48.
[24] A. Harrag and S. Messalti, "Adaptive GA-based reconfiguration of photovoltaic array combating partial shading conditions," Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1145-1170, 2018.
[25] Y.-P. Huang, X. Chen, and C.-E. Ye, "Implementation of a modified circuit reconfiguration strategy in high concentration photovoltaic modules under partial shading conditions," Sol. Energy, vol. 194, pp. 628-648, 2019/12/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.038.
[26] C. Tubniyom, R. Chatthaworn, A. Suksri, and T. Wongwuttanasatian, "Minimization of losses in solar photovoltaic modules by reconfiguration under various patterns of partial shading," Energies, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 24, 2019.
[27] A. Srinivasan, S. Devakirubakaran, and B. Meenakshi Sundaram, "Mitigation of mismatch losses in solar PV system – Two-step reconfiguration approach," Sol. Energy, vol. 206, pp. 640-654, 2020/08/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.004.
[28] J. Kour and A. Shukla, "Comparative analysis of different reconfiguration schemes for power enhancement under various shading scenarios," Sol. Energy, vol. 230, pp. 91-108, 2021/12/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.10.001.
[29] I. M. Mehedi et al., "Critical evaluation and review of partial shading mitigation methods for grid-connected PV system using hardware solutions: The module-level and array-level approaches," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 146, p. 111138, 2021/08/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111138.
[30] R. D. A. Raj and K. A. Naik, "Optimal reconfiguration of PV array based on digital image encryption algorithm: A comprehensive simulation and experimental investigation," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 261, p. 115666, 2022/06/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115666.
[31] S. Rezazadeh, A. Moradzadeh, K. Pourhossein, M. Akrami, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and A. Anvari-Moghaddam, "Photovoltaic array reconfiguration under partial shading conditions for maximum power extraction: A state-of-the-art review and new solution method," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 258, p. 115468, 2022/04/15/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115468.
[32] I. Nasiruddin, S. Khatoon, M. F. Jalil, and R. C. Bansal, "Shade diffusion of partial shaded PV array by using odd-even structure," Sol. Energy, vol. 181, pp. 519-529, 2019/03/15/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.01.076.
[33] S. S. Reddy and C. Yammani, "Odd-Even-Prime pattern for PV array to increase power output under partial shading conditions," Energy, vol. 213, p. 118780, 2020/12/15/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118780.
[34] S. Rezazadeh, A. Moradzadeh, S. M. Hashemzadeh, K. Pourhossein, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and S. H. Hosseini, "A novel prime numbers-based PV array reconfiguration solution to produce maximum energy under partial shade conditions," Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 47, p. 101498, 2021/10/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101498.
[35] V. R. Krishnan, F. Blaabjerg, A. Sangwongwanich, and R. Natarajan, "Twisted Two-Step Arrangement for Maximum Power Extraction From a Partially Shaded PV Array," IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 871-879, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2022.3143456.
[36] R. Venkateswari and N. Rajasekar, "Power enhancement of PV system via physical array reconfiguration based Lo Shu technique," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 215, p. 112885, 2020/07/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112885.
[37] R. Kumar Pachauri et al., "Ancient Chinese magic square-based PV array reconfiguration methodology to reduce power loss under partial shading conditions," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 253, p. 115148, 2022/02/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115148.
[38] H. S. Sahu, S. K. Nayak, and S. Mishra, "Maximizing the Power Generation of a Partially Shaded PV Array," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 626-637, 2016, doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2015.2498282.
[39] B. Dhanalakshmi and N. Rajasekar, "Dominance square based array reconfiguration scheme for power loss reduction in solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 156, pp. 84-102, 2018/01/15/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.080.
[40] B. Dhanalakshmi and N. Rajasekar, "A novel Competence Square based PV array reconfiguration technique for solar PV maximum power extraction," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 174, pp. 897-912, 2018/10/15/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.077.
[41] D. Sharma, M. F. Jalil, M. S. Ansari, and R. C. Bansal, "A review of PV array reconfiguration techniques for maximum power extraction under partial shading conditions," Optik, p. 170559, 2023/01/14/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.170559.
[42] D. Yousri, A. Fathy, and E. F. El-Saadany, "Four square sudoku approach for alleviating shading effect on total-cross-tied PV array," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 269, p. 116105, 2022/10/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116105.
[43] B. Aljafari, P. R. Satpathy, S. R. K. Madeti, P. Vishnuram, and S. B. Thanikanti, "Reliability Enhancement of Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading through a Two-Step Module Placement Approach," Energies, vol. 15, no. 20, p. 7766, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/20/7766.
[44] V. C. Chavan, S. Mikkili, and T. Senjyu, "Hardware Implementation of Novel Shade Dispersion PV Reconfiguration Technique to Enhance Maximum Power under Partial Shading Conditions," Energies, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 3515, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3515.
[45] S. Mikkili, A. Kanjune, P. K. Bonthagorla, and T. Senjyu, "Non-Symmetrical (NS) Reconfiguration Techniques to Enhance Power Generation Capability of Solar PV System," Energies, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 2124, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2124.
[46] C.-E. Ye, C.-C. Tai, Y.-P. Huang, and J.-J. Chen, "Dispersed partial shading effect and reduced power loss in a PV array using a complementary SuDoKu puzzle topology," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 246, p. 114675, 2021/10/15/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114675.
[47] S. G. Krishna and T. Moger, "Optimal SuDoKu Reconfiguration Technique for Total-Cross-Tied PV Array to Increase Power Output Under Non-Uniform Irradiance," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1973-1984, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2019.2921625.
[48] A. S. Yadav and V. Mukherjee, "Line losses reduction techniques in puzzled PV array configuration under different shading conditions," Sol. Energy, vol. 171, pp. 774-783, 2018/09/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.007.
[49] V. M. R. Tatabhatla, A. Agarwal, and T. Kanumuri, "Minimising the power loss of solar photo voltaic array through efficient reconfiguration of panels," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 234, no. 5, pp. 690-708, 2020, doi: 10.1177/0957650919871864.
[50] J. Ahmed and Z. Salam, "An Improved Method to Predict the Position of Maximum Power Point During Partial Shading for PV Arrays," IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1378-1387, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2489579.
[51] M. C. Cavalcanti, F. Bradaschia, A. J. d. Nascimento, G. M. S. Azevedo, and E. J. Barbosa, "Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for PV Modules Based on a Double-Diode Model," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 8169-8181, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.3009592.
[52] Y. Huang, "A Rapid Maximum Power Measurement System for High-Concentration Photovoltaic Modules Using the Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage Technique and Controllable Electronic Load," IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1610-1617, 2014, doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2351613.
[53] Manjunath, H. N. Suresh, and S. Rajanna, "Maximization of photo-voltaic array power output through Lo Sho Square shade dispersion technique based re-configuration scheme," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 260, p. 115588, 2022/05/15/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115588.
[54] B. I. Rani, G. S. Ilango, and C. Nagamani, "Enhanced Power Generation From PV Array Under Partial Shading Conditions by Shade Dispersion Using Su Do Ku Configuration," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 594-601, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2230033.
[55] M. Horoufiany and R. Ghandehari, "Optimization of the Sudoku based reconfiguration technique for PV arrays power enhancement under mutual shading conditions," Sol. Energy, vol. 159, pp. 1037-1046, 2018/01/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.059.
[56] V. K. Yadav et al., "A novel reconfiguration technique for improvement of PV reliability," Renewable Energy, vol. 182, pp. 508-520, 2022/01/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.043.
[57] A. G. Gaglia, S. Lykoudis, A. A. Argiriou, C. A. Balaras, and E. Dialynas, "Energy efficiency of PV panels under real outdoor conditions–An experimental assessment in Athens, Greece," Renewable Energy, vol. 101, pp. 236-243, 2017/02/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.051.
[58] M. Akhsassi et al., "Experimental investigation and modeling of the thermal behavior of a solar PV module," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 180, pp. 271-279, 2018/06/15/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.06.052.