「價值導向的記憶」是指個體能夠依據刺激項目的價值去做選擇性地記憶。先前研究指出ADHD-C組(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type)在選擇性記憶作業(selectivity memory task)上的表現明顯地比ADHD其他亞型以及控制組差。本研究的目的是以再認作業(recognition task)與回想作業(recall task)來驗證ADHD-C組在選擇性記憶作業的較差表現是來自於記憶的哪個階段：若為登錄階段的問題，ADHD-C在回想與再認作業應都表現較差；但若為提取階段的問題，ADHD-C在再認作業則應可以提升表現。為了驗證此問題，本研究先在大學生受試中建立中文素材與實驗程序，並了解小學生是否有類似的選擇性記憶效果。最後再延伸比較小學生ADHD組與控制組的選擇性記憶表現，以驗證此研究問題。研究結果顯示(1) 大學生與小學生(年齡變項)在選擇性指標上無顯著差異。(2) ADHD-C組在回想作業中選擇性記憶指標(selectivity index, SI)顯著較差，但在再認作業中則無顯著差異。 (3)回想作業中，工作記憶容量和效能為不同心理構念，但再認作業中無法區分兩著。研究結論為受試者在再認作業所使用的認知策略與回想作業不同，選擇性指標無法在再認作業中用來表示工作記憶效能，因此結果可能支持ADHD-C組的選擇性記憶問題是發生在提取階段。另外，年齡發展在中文環境中不會造成選擇性指標的不同，這項結果與過去研究不一致，推測可能與文化因素有關。

The “Value-directed memory” is defined as individual can selectively encode and maintain high-value information. Previous research has suggested that ADHD-C(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type) were less selective than children in the control group and other subtype in terms of the value of the items they recalled (control of memory). The objective of this study was to use recognition and recall tasks to identify the memory stage responsible for the inferior selective memory task performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD-C). If the problem occurs during the memory encoding stage, the results should be poor for both the recall and recognition tasks. However, if the problem occurs in the memory retrieval stage, ADHD-C patients should be able to improve their recognition task performance. In addition, because previous studies have indicated that the development of cognitive function is closely related to age, this factor was included in as a variable to investigate the relationship between age and value-directed memory. The research results are listed as follows: (a) school children and undergraduates(i.e., age was used as the variable) showed no significant differences in SI; (b) the selectivity index (SI) for the recall tasks achieved by the ADHD-C group were less than other groups, yet no significant differences were observed for the recognition tasks; and (c)for the recall tasks, working memory capacity and efficiency were two distinct psychological constructs. However, the constructs could not be differentiated during the recognition tasks. Therefore, this study suggests that cognitive strategies employed by the participants for the recognition tasks differed from those for the recall tasks, and SI could not be used to represent the efficiency of working memory during the recognition tasks. Consequently, this supports the hypothesis that selective memory problems occur during the memory retrieval stage for the ADHD-C group. In additions, age does not lead to SI differences in Mandarin-speaking environments, which is incongruent with the results of previous Western studies. This discrepancy may be attributed to cultural factors.

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