| 研究生: |
陳彥廷 Chen, Yen-Ting |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
以船舶自動辨識系統推估高雄港港區商船空氣污染物排放量及污染控制策略 Using AIS for Emissions Estimation of Air Pollutants from Merchant Ships in the Port of Kaohsiung and Control Strategy |
| 指導教授: |
劉大綱
Liu, Ta-Kang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 海洋科技與事務研究所 Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs |
| 論文出版年: | 2015 |
| 畢業學年度: | 103 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 110 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 高雄港 、船舶活動強度 、二氧化硫 、船舶污染來源 、自動辨識系統(AIS) |
| 外文關鍵詞: | the Port of Kaohsiung, vessel activity intensity, sulfur dioxide, vessel-source pollution, automatic identification system (AIS) |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:197 下載:12 |
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全球貿易運輸中海運是目前最可靠的運輸方式,船舶在運輸過程中燃燒大量燃油,因而排放大量的空氣污染物質,船舶產生的空氣污染物質嚴重衝擊海洋環境及生態系統。為了防止船舶空氣汙染,國際海事組織(IMO)通過國際防止船舶污染73/78(MARPOL 73/78)附錄六(ANNEX VI)防止船舶空氣污染規則來規定船舶空氣污染的排放。
台灣各國際商港之中無論是進出口貨物量、貨物吞吐量、進出港船舶艘次等高雄港都是最高,因此排放大量的空氣污染物。本研究中利用船舶活動強度基準法推估2013年高雄港商船的空氣污染排放量,先利用船舶裝置的自動辨識系統(AIS)進行船舶動態追蹤,獲得精準船位;再利用排放量推估公式計算推估2013年高雄港20浬範圍內的商船空氣排放量,其推估結果可運用在船舶污染的控制策略上。
本研究在AIS資料中發現高雄港20浬範圍內共有6,561艘商船,其中有3,335艘有進入高雄港港區內停泊。這些船舶之中,貨櫃船的排放量超過散裝船及油輪的排放量,然而散裝船及油輪的船舶數量多過貨櫃船,這三種船舶類型的排放量佔整體排放量的90%。商船空氣污染排放量中,SOX排放推估量為16,530噸,NOX排放推估量為17,155噸。船舶在航行、調度及停泊三種狀態的空氣排放量統計結果,商船在停泊時排放較多的污染物,而調度時排放最少。因此建議船舶停泊時改換低硫燃料油來減少污染物的排放。
根據空氣污染防制法,以污染者付費為原則,向污染者徵收污染費能有效降低商船空氣污染排放,因此建議利用本研究方法能推測污染者所產生的污染量,提供港口當局向污染者徵收污染費,其污染費用於推廣綠色港口政策,例如獎勵制度。
Maritime shipping is currently the most reliable form of cargo transport for global industrial trade. Marine navigation requires a great deal of fuel oils and consequently emits large amounts of air pollutants. The Port of Kaohsiung is one of the largest ports in Taiwan, and contributing to considerable emission of air pollutants. In this study, method based on vessel activity intensity was adopted to estimate the emission of air pollutants generated by the consumption of fuel oils from merchant vessels in the Port of Kaohsiung in year 2013. The vessel activities were determined by using vessel automatic identification system (AIS) to track vessel traffic and position and to calculate the corresponding emission of air pollutants. The results were then used to explore management strategies for controlling vessel-source emissions of air pollutants. According to the Air Pollution Control Act in Taiwan, pollution abating fees can be charged to the polluters. Through the incentive system provided by economic instruments, pollutants emission of the merchant vessels can be mitigated.
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