釹鐵硼(Nd2Fe14B)為第三代稀土永磁的材料，且為目前永磁材料磁性中最強的。釹鐵硼為釹(Nd)、鐵(Fe)、硼(B)的合金所形成，可透過燒結或粘結方式來形成磁石。目前釹鐵硼磁石常用的燒接方式為利用高溫燒結，通常需要1000℃以上的溫度來進行燒結，本研究使用一種稱為低溫燒結(CSP - Cold Sintering Process)的技術，CSP目前有應用於陶瓷材料的燒結，過程僅需維持在溫度200℃內，本實驗即是利用低溫燒結工藝來使用在釹鐵硼燒結上。
利用低溫燒結釹鐵硼(NdFeB)的方式，分別對磁特性、密度、溫度和壓力、退火等因素進行相關的研究。本實驗第一部分先利用釹鐵硼(NdFeb)與添加劑(硫酸和草酸)摻合，再放入熱壓機同時進行壓製和燒結的動作，此時的粉末因為析出沉澱而形成了一個致密化的固體並成形為磁石。本實驗第二部分利用成形後的磁石特性比較，並藉由對熱壓機的溫度和壓力調整，來強化磁石的特性。其中當製程溫度為150℃、壓力20MPa時，密度6.0707 g/cm3和Br = 4.413KGs為最佳值，發現密度越大，會有更佳的磁特性。而在微觀的分析上，我們藉由電子顯微鏡觀察出當施予壓力和製程溫度的不同下，透過微觀可觀察出，當製程條件的壓力和溫度增加，會讓孔洞越來越小，而且緻密化越來越緻密。

Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) is a third-generation rare earth permanent magnet material which is formed by sintering or bonding from an alloy of neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), and boron (B). In addition, it is the strongest magnetic permanent magnet material currently. Theoretically, Currently, high temperature sintering is the most common method for forming NdFeB. However, this research uses CSP (Cold Sintering Process) technology whose process only needs to be maintained at a temperature of two hundreds degree Celsius and this is the mainly sintering method applied onto advanced ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. Therefore, this research uses this CSP method for NdFeB sintering.This study of magnet manufacture is carried out by changing reaction conditions (for example density, temperature , pressure and annealing) in Cold Sintering Process. The process is following the next steps. First, Mix the NdFeB and additives (sulfuric acid and oxalic acid)，then put the mixture pressed and sintered into the hot press. During the time, detect the properties of magnet in different temperature and pressure using electron microscope. When the temperature is 150 ° C and the pressure is 20 MPa, the density is 6.0707 g/cm3 and Br = 4.413 KG. It is the optimum value.

[1] 張文成”國立中正大學物理所”高性能稀土永久磁石之研究與發展” 物理
雙月刊（廿二卷六期）2000年12月
[2] 台灣維基” 磁性材料” https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki
[3] H. Kirchmayr, "Permanent magnets and hard magnetic materials," Journal of
Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 29, no. 11, p. 2763, 1996
[4] Rare Earth Magnet Basics (2017), "Types of permanent magnetic materials",
Retrieved July 6, 2017, from http://www.shinetsu-rare-earth-magnet.jp/e/design/
[5] O. Gutfleisch, M. A. Willard, E.Bruck, C.H. Chen, S.G. Sankar, and J. Ping Liu, Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient, Adv. Mater, Vol.23, pp.821-842 , 2011
[6] W.M. Hubbard, E.Adams and J.V. Gilfrich, Magnetic moments of alloys of Gadolinium with Some of the Transition Elements, J.Appl. Phys., Vol.31,pp.368-369 , 1960
[7] G. Hoffer and K. Strnat, Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Yco5 and
Y2Co17, IEEE Trans. Magn. , Vol.2, pp.487-489, 1966
[8] K. Strnat, G. Hoffer, J. Olson, W. Ostertag and J.J. Becker, A Family of New Cobalt-base permanent magnet materials, J. Appl.Phys,Vol.38, pp.1001-1002 , 1967
[9] W. A. J. J. Velge and K.H.J. Buschow, Magnetic and crystallographic properties of some rare earth cobalt compounds with CaZn5 structure, J.Appl.Phys,Vol.39, pp.1717-1720, 1968
[10] D. K. Das, Twenty Million Energy Product Samarium-Cobalt Magnet,
IEEE Trans. Magn.,Vol.MAG-5,pp.214-216
[11] D.L. Martin, and M. G. Benz, Magnetic Properties of Cobalt-Rare Earth Magnets for Microwave Applications, IEEE Trans. Magn. , Vol. MAG-7, pp.291-294, 1971
[12] M. G. Benz, and D. L. Martin, Measurement of Magnetic Properties of Cobalt-Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. MAG-7, pp.285-291, 1971
[13] G. Y. Chin, M. L. Green, E. A. Nesbitt, R. C. Sherwood, and J. H. Wernick, Directional Solidification of Co-Cu-R Permanent-Magnet Alloys, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.MAG-8, pp.29-35 , 1972
[14] A. E. Clark and H. S. Belson, Giant Room-Temperature Magnetostrictions in TbFe2 and DyFe2, Phys. Rev. B, Vol.5 ,pp.3642-3644, 1972
[15] H. H. Stadelmaier ,and H. K. Park, The System Iron-Gadolinium-Carbon
And It’s Ternary Carbides, Z. Metallked., Vol.72 , pp.417-422, 1981
[16] M. Sagawa, S. Fujimurs, N. Togawa, H. Yamamoto, and Y. Matsuura, New Materials for Permanent Magnets on A Base of Nd and Fe, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.55, pp.2083-2087, 1984
[17] R. W. Lee, Hot-Pressed Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets, Appl. Phys.
Lett, Vol.46, p.790, 1985
[18] M. Yue , M. Tian , J. X. Zhang, D.T. Zhang, P. L. Niu, and F. Yang, Microstructure and magnetic properties of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets produced by spark plasma sintering technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, Vol.131, pp18-21, 2006
[19] R. K. Mishra, The development of the microstructure of die-upset
Nd-Fe-B magnet, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol.84, pp89-94, 1990
[20] W. Grunberger, D. Hinz, A. Kirchner, K. H. Muller, and L. Schult, Hot Deformation
of Nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B Alloys, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.33, pp.2889-2891, 1997
[21] J. F. Herbst, R2Fe14B materials : Intrinsic Properties and Technological
Aspects, Rew. Mod. Phys. , Vol.63, pp.819-898, 1991
[22] 杜怡君”國立台灣大學化學系”磁性基本特性及磁性材料應用”

[23]Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low-Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 99 [11] pp3489–3507 , 2016
[24]鋼鐵百科http://baike.asianmetal.cn/steel/index.shtml
[25] George W. Morey, “Hydrothermal Synthesis,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 36, 1953, pp.279-285.
[26] S. Somiya, K. loku and M. Yoshimura, “Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of fine Apatite crystals,” Mater. Sci. Forum, 1988, pp. 371-378.
[27] L. M. Demetsyanets and A. N. Lopachev, “Some problems of hydrothermal crystallization process under hydrothermal condition,” Consaltant Bureau, London press, 1973
[28] W. L. He, Y. C. Zhang and X. X. Zhang, “Low temperature preparation of nano-crystalline Mn2O3 via ethanol-thermal reduction of MnO2,” J. Crystal Growth, vol. 252, 2003, pp. 285-288
[29] M. Honshima and K. Ohashi, "High-energy NdFeB magnets and their
applications," Journal of materials engineering and performance, vol. 3, no. 2,pp. 218-222, 1994
[30] Wikipidia(2017), "magnetic properties of Nd-magnets", Retrieved July 6,
2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium_magnet
[31] 台灣word” 充磁原理” http://www.twword.com/wiki
[32] 加準科技股份有限公司” www.propii.com.tw
[33] Acott, Chris. The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives.. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society journal. 1999, 29 (1) [2009-06-13]. ISSN 0813-1988