臺灣鐵路歷史源遠流長，曾為臺灣發展過程中最重要的命脈之一，但臺鐵在航空業國內航線興起、國道高速公路的完工以及高速鐵路的通車後，營運環境備受挑戰，財務概況履遭致虧損之衝擊，然而，臺鐵兼具公共性任務與行政機關依法行政義務之特性，造成其必須肩負政策性之財務負擔，又因其龐雜的科層組織體制，使其財務、人事、票價費率、職務之執行等過於僵化、官僚，對於因應外在變化欠缺效率。而臺鐵在短期間內發生多起重大死傷事故後，其安全管理機制備受質疑，輿論普遍認為臺鐵改革勢在必行。針對臺鐵組織變革之方向，本研究將以員工做為出發點，認為組織的改革應從員工在工作中的行為開始，故探討臺鐵員工在職場中所展現之正面與負面的行為，瞭解引發員工該行為背後的心理態度，並進一步探討影響其內心態度的主因，因此本研究藉由實證方式探討臺鐵員工對組織公平的感受、組織支持的知覺與對臺鐵的組織信任、組織承諾，與其組織公民行為、職場偏差行為展現的關聯性，期能為臺鐵改革提出另一種觀點。
本研究以臺鐵員工為研究對象，透過結構式量表蒐集數據，共回收421份有效問卷，並經樣本結構分析、探索性因素分析、敘述性統計分析、差異性分析、驗證性因素分析、結構方程模式及階層迴歸分析等研究方法進行分析後獲得以下結論：
一、臺鐵員工對分配公平的感受程度與對組織支持知覺的程度顯著正向影響情感承諾。
二、臺鐵員工對臺鐵的情感承諾顯著正向影響利他人的組織公民行為，並顯著負向影響與工作有關的偏差行為。
三、情感承諾在分配公平、知覺組織支持對利個人的組織公民行為、與工作有關的偏差行為之影響中具有中介效果。
四、對組織的信任在分配公平、知覺組織支持對情感承諾之影響中具有干擾效果。
五、除了教育程度之外，不同個人背景之臺鐵員工在各構面均有顯著的差異。

To investigate the factors affecting the organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviant behavior of Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA) employees, this study used a structured scale to collect data from TRA employees and conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression analysis on the 421 valid replies collected. The results show that: (1) TRA employees’ perception of distributive justice and organizational support significantly and positively affect affective commitment. (2) TRA employees’ affective commitment to TRA has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior directed toward individuals and a significant negative effect on work-related deviant behavior. (3) Affective Commitment mediates the effects of Distributive Justice and Perceived Organizational Support on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior directed toward Individual and Work-related Deviant Behavior. (4) Trust in TRA moderates the effects of distributive justice and perceived organizational support on affective commitment.

一、中文部分
田議中（2008）。屏東縣國小教師的組織公平知覺與組織公民行為之關係：以專業承諾為中介之衡量。國立臺東大學教育學系（所）碩士論文，台東縣。
朱敬先（2000）。教育心理學。臺北：五南。
朱粵江（2018）。知覺組織支持、心理契約對組織承諾及工作投入影響效果之探討－以特教機構教師為例。龍華科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士論文，桃園縣。
朱鴻毅（2016）。臺東縣國中小主任政治行為、組織公平與教職員工作滿意度之研究。國立臺東大學進修部教育行政碩士班（夜間）碩士論文，台東縣。
牟鍾福（2002）。國中體育教師組織正義與組織信任對組織承諾影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所博士論文，台北市。
吳孟玲、江達隆（2005）。組織不當行為影響因素之探討－以服務業及製造業為例。管理學報，22（3），329-340。
李公博（2020）。知覺組織支持、組織承諾與工作滿意對工作績效之影響。崇右影藝科技大學經營管理系碩士論文，基隆市。
李佳怡（2000）。知覺組織支持對員工工作態度影響之研究。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
卓正欽、劉振緯（2015）。組織公平與組織公民行為：情感型組織承諾的中介角色。明新學報，41（1），121-134。
周育嬋（2020）。組織公平與自我效能及組織承諾對工作滿意度之相關研究。國立雲林科技大學工業工程與管理系碩士論文，雲林縣。
周欣筠（2011）。員工知覺組織支持、組織信任與組織承諾之關聯影響－以專案團隊合作為例。世新大學企業管理研究所（含碩專班）碩士論文，臺北市。
林世澤（2015）。台灣職場偏差行為量表之發展與驗證。國立臺灣科技大學企業管理系博士論文，台北市。
林怡香（2011）。情緒勞務、組織公平與自我效能對組織承諾之關聯性研究－以員工工作滿意度為中介變數。國立高雄應用科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文，高雄市。
林虹瑤（2015）。組織公平對離職傾向之影響－以組織承諾與組織認同為中介。國立臺北大學企業管理學系碩士論文，新北市。
林淑珍（2012）。高雄市政府衛生局所員工知覺工作特性、組織支持與組織承諾關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
林淑姬（1992）。薪酬公平、程序公正與組織承諾、組織公民行為關係之研究。國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文，台北市。
林鉦棽（1996）。組織公正、信任、組織公民行為之研究：社會交換理論之觀點。管理科學學報，13（3），391-415。
林鉦棽（2004）。休閒旅館業從業人員的組織公正、組織信任與組織公民行為關係：社會交換理論觀點的分析。中華管理學報，5（1），91-112。
林鉦棽、賴鳳儀、黃紹慶、潘蕙韶、鍾潤富（2011）。組織公民行為與工作家庭衝突之關聯分析：好士兵症候群。管理學報，28（1），31-47。
林靜妤（2018）。接受「全人關懷訓練計畫」的PGY醫師學習滿意度、知覺組織支持、組織承諾與留任意願關係之研究。國立中正大學教育學研究所碩士論文，嘉義縣。
邱懿萱（2011）。高屏地方稅務人員組織公平與工作滿意度關係之研究。國立屏東教育大學教育行政研究所碩士論文，屏東縣。
洪振順（1998）。組織公正對組織公民行為影響之研究－信任關係之觀點。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
高雅萍（2016）。國小代理教師人格特質、職場友誼、組織公平與組織公民行為之關係研究。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
張麗珠（2016）。組織公平與組織承諾對組織公民行為影響之研究－以台中市公立大學行政人員為例。東海大學公共事務碩士在職專班碩士論文，台中市。
梁素君（2003）。工作倦怠與職場偏差行為關係之研究。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文，台北市。
梁鳳紋（2014）。運動員的公平知覺對於運動員對教練的信任之預測。國立體育大學體育研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。
許道然（2001）。公部門組織信任與組織公民行為關係之研究。國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文，台北市。
許福政（2007）。影響組織公民行為因素之研究－以台鐵局為例。國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文，花蓮縣。
郭三榮（2011）。國小運動團隊教練知覺組織公平、參與動機與工作滿意度關係之研究。國立臺東大學進修部暑期體育碩士班碩士論文，台東縣。
郭加美（2004）。組織成員正義知覺、組織承諾與知識分享。國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。
郭宗城（2015）。人格特質、社會資本與組織公民行為間關聯性研究－以臺灣鐵路管理局為個案分析。世新大學行政管理學研究所（含博、碩專班）碩士論文，臺北市。
陳志展（2013）。人力資源管理制度一致性對組織正義、員工心理契約違反與組織公民行為之影響。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
陳芊妤（2009）。分配公平、程序公平對主管信任與工作投入影響之研究－關係的調節效果。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
陳泓文（2020）。倫理領導、組織公平、當責感受與留職意願間之關係研究：以北部軍士官兵為例。銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，台北市。
陳政邦（2010）。組織社會化、組織承諾與組織公民行為之關係－以金融保險業與房仲業為例。東吳大學國際經營與貿易學系碩士論文，台北市。
陳郁中（2010）。組織公平、組織認同與角色外行為關係之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文，基隆市。
陳榮賢（2006）。高雄縣市國小教師學習型組織特性知覺與教師專業成長需求、組織承諾關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，高雄市。
黃柏磬（2012）。房屋仲介業、觀光餐飲業之組織公平與企業社會責任關係之實證比較。國立屏東科技大學企業管理系所碩士論文，屏東縣。
黃家齊（2002）。組織公正與組織公民行為－認知型與情感型信任的中介效果。臺大管理論叢，12（2），107-141。
黃鼎晏（2008）。從福利觀點看員工協助方案：福利滿意度、知覺組織支持與組織承諾的關係。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
楊智雄（2018）。國民小學組織正義、組織公民行為與競爭優勢關係之研究：以領導者與部屬交換關係為調節效果。國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文，高雄市。
楊繼生（2012）。組織公平對員工偏差行為的影響－以工作滿意和組織承諾為中介變數。長榮大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，台南市。
廖育萱（2019）。基北區公立幼兒園教保服務人員組織公平知覺與組織承諾關係之研究。國立臺北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文，台北市。
廖佳君（2007）。組織正義對組織承諾影響之研究－以組織信任為中介及干擾變項。國立臺南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文，台南市。
潘珏汝（2010）。探討員工企業社會責任之認知對組織公民行為之影響－以組織承諾為中介變項。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。
蔡木霖（2002）。公賣局獎酬結構改變對組織公平、組織承諾、工作滿足及績效的影響。國立臺北大學企業管理學系博士論文，新北市。
蔡秀涓（2004）。公務人員組織信任模型之建構：以臺北市政府為例。人文及社會科學集刊，16（2），241-279。
蔡幸純（2021）。公部門臨時人員組織信任與組織公民行為關係之研究－以財政部國有財產署北區分署為例。國立臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，新北市。
鄭坤裕（2001）。工作異動之組織正義知覺對異動後工作態度之影響。國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文，新竹市。
鄭怡君、蔡俊傑（2016）。Bootstrap中介效果結構方程模式分析。國立臺灣體育運動大學體育學系學刊，15，102-114。
蕭羽汝（2018）。客艙組員知覺工作要求、組織公平、工作熱情與專業實踐相關之研究－以國內某航空公司為例。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所博士論文，高雄市。
蕭慕華（2017）。倫理領導對組織公平與組織承諾的影響－個人工作適配、個人組織適配的調節效果。大同大學事業經營學系（所）碩士論文，台北市。
賴慧芬（2011）。國民小學兼行政人員情緒勞務、知覺組織支持與工作滿意關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，高雄市。
謝佳君（2013）。旅館業內部行銷對員工知覺組織支持、組織信任、工作投入及顧客滿意度之影響研究。國立彰化師範大學人力資源管理研究所博士論文，彰化縣。
顏弘欽（2012）。教師知覺組織支持、組織承諾與組織公民行為之關聯性。教育行政與評鑑學刊，13，59-90。
顏秀惠（2020）。品牌形象與組織信任對工作績效之影響：以某物流企業為例。國立中山大學管理學院高階經營碩士學程在職專班碩士論文，高雄市。
顏芝怡（2010）。勞資關係與職場偏差行為之關係－以員工協助方案與勞資關係實務為干擾變項。國立中興大學企業管理學系碩士論文，台中市。
 
二、外文部分
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in Social Exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299. NY: Academic Press.
Ahmed, I., Ismail, W. K. W., Amin, S. M., Ramzan, M. & Khan, M. K. (2012). A Look at Social Exchange at Work: A Literature Survey Approach. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19(7), 951-956.
Alexander, S. & Ruderman, M. (1987). The Role of Procedural and Distributive Justice in Organizational Behavior. Social Justice Research, 1, 177-198.
Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A. & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage in the Workplace: The Role of Organizational Injustice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89(1), 947-965.
Armeli, S., Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. & Lynch, P. (1998). Perceived Organizational Support and Police Performance: The Moderating Influence of Socioemotional Needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 288.
Aselage, J. & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Contracts: A Theoretical Integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 491-509.
Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. MA: Harvard University Press.
Baron, R. A. & Neuman, J. H. (1996). Workplace Violence and Workplace Aggression: Evidence on Their Relative Frequency and Potential Causes. Aggressive Behavior, 22(3), 161-173.
Bateman, T. S. & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship between Affect and Employee Citizenship. Academic and Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the Concept of Commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32-40.
Bennett, R. J. & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
Bies, R. J. & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice: Communication Criteria of Fairness. Research on Negotiation in Organizations, 1, 43-55. CT: JAI Press.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. NY: Wiley.
Boon, S. D. & Holmes, J. G. (1991). The Dynamics of Interpersonal Trust: Resolving Uncertainty in the Face of Risk. Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior, 190-211.
Buchanan, B. (1974). Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546.
Carnevale, D. G. (1998). Organizational Trust. The International Encyclopedia of Public and Administration. Westview Press.
Chen, X-P., Hui, C. & Sego, D. J. (1998). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Turnover: Conceptualization and Preliminary Tests of Key Hypotheses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 922-931.
Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the Dimensionality of Organizational Justice: A Construct Validation of a Measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400.
Costigan, R. D., Ilter, S. S. & Berman, J. J. (1998). A Multi-Dimensional Study of Trust in Organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(3), 303-317.
Cropanzano, R., Weiss, H. M., Suckow, K. J. & Grandey, A. A. (2000). Doing Justice To Workplace Emotion. Emotions in the Workplace: Research, Theory, and Practice, 49-62. CT: Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Demir, M. (2011). Effects of Organizational Justice, Trust and Commitment on Employees’ Deviant Behavior, Anatolia, 22(2), 204-221.
Dirks, K. T. & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628.
Duffy, J. A. & Lilly, J. (2013). Do Individual Needs Moderate the Relationships between Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Trust and Perceived Organizational Support? Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 14(3), 185-197.
Dunlop, P. D. & Lee, K. (2004). Workplace Deviance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Business Unit Performance: the Bad Apples Do Spoil the Whole Barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 67-80.
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42.
Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S. & Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support, Discretionary Treatment, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
Etzioni, A. (1961). A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. NY: Free Press.
Fan, J., Zhang, M., Wei, X., Gursoy, D. & Zhang, X. (2021). The Bright Side of Work-Related Deviant Behavior for Hotel Employees Themselves: Impacts on Recovery Level and Work Engagement. Tourism Management, 87, 104375.
Farh, J-L., Earley, P. C. & Lin, S-C. (1997). Impetus for Action: A Cultural Analysis of Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Chinese Society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(3), 421-444.
Farh, J-L., Podsakoff, P. M. & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Leader Fairness and Task Scope Versus Satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721.
Folger, R. & Greenberg, J. (1985). Procedural Justice: An Interpretive Analysis of Personnel Systems. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 3(1), 141-183.
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Gambetta, D. (1988). Can We Trust Trust? Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, 213-237. NY: Basil Blackwell.
Garbarino, E. & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87.
Giacalone, R. A. & Greenberg, J. (1997). Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. CA: Sage.
Gibb, J. R. (1965). Fear and Facade: Defensive Management. Science and Human Affairs. CA: Science and Behavior Books.
Golembiewski, R. T. & McConkie, M. (1975). The Centrality of Interpersonal Trust in Group Processes. NY: Wiley.
Graham, J.W. (1991). An Essay on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4, 249-270.
Greenberg, J. (1987). A Taxonomy of Organizational Justice Theories. The Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9-22.
Greenberg, J. (1993). The Social Side of Fairness: Interpersonal and Informational Classes of Organizational Justice. Justice in the Workplace: Approaching Fairness in Human Resource Management, 79-103. NJ: Erlbaum.
Griffin, R. W., O’Leary-Kelly, A. & Collins, J. M. (1998). Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations: Violent and Deviant Behavior. CT: JAI Press.
Grusky, O. (1966). Career Mobility and Organizational Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10(4), 488-503.
Guay, R. P., Choi, D., Oh, I. S., Mitchell, M. S., Mount, M. K. & Shin, K. H. (2016). Why People Harm the Organization and Its Members: Relationships among Personality, Organizational Commitment, and Workplace Deviance. Human Performance, 29(1), 1-15.
Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A. & Elron, E. (1994). Expatriate Managers and the Psychological Contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 617.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th Ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Harper, D. (1990). Spotlight Abuse-Save Profits. Industrial Distribution, 79, 47-51.
Herriot, P., Hirsh, W. & Reily, P. (1998). Trust and Transition. NY: John Wiely & Sons Inc.
Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation Motivation: People Who Need People… but in Different Ways. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 1008.
Hollinger, R. C. & Clark, J. P. (1982). Formal and Informal Social Controls of Employee Deviance. The Sociological Quarterly, 23(3), 333-343.
Hollinger, R. C. & Clark, J. P. (1983). Deterrence in the Workplace: Perceived Certainty, Perceived Severity, and Employee Theft. Social Forces, 62(2), 398-418.
Homans, G. C. (1961). Social Behavior: Its Elementary Horms. NY: Harcourt, Brace and World.
Hommerich, C. (2012). Trust and Subjective Well‐Being After the Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Meltdown: Preliminary Results. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, 21(1), 46-64.
Iqbal, Q. & Ahmad, B. (2016). Organizational Justice, Trust and Organizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Pakistan. J. Appl. Econ. Bus, 4(1), 26-43.
Jameel, A. S., Mahmood, Y. N. & Jwmaa, S. J. (2020). Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment among Secondary School Teachers. Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-6.
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, 33(4), 499-517.
Kaplan, H. B. (1975). Self-Attitudes and Deviant Behavior. CA: Goodyear.
Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. NY: Wiley.
Katz, D. (1964). The Motivational Basis of Organizational Behavior. Behavioral Science, 9, 131-146.
Khan, H., Khan, M. Z. & Ullah, Z. (2017). Impact of Interpersonal Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Turnover and Organizational Commitment with Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences, 3(2), 299-315.
Kraimer, M. L. & Wayne, S. J. (2004). An Examination of Perceived Organizational Support as a Multidimensional Construct in the Context of an Expatriate Assignment. Journal of management, 30(2), 209-237.
Kumar, K. & Bakhshi, A. (2009). Organizational Citizenship Behavior in India: Development of a Scale. International Journal of Organizational Behavior. 14(1), 14-25.
Lehman, W. E. & Simpson, D. D. (1992). Employee Substance Use and On-the-Job Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(3), 309-321.
Lewicki, R. J. & Bunker, B. B. (1996). Developing and Maintaining Trust in Work Relationships. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers in Theory and Research, 114-139. CA: Sage.
Lilly, J. D. & Virick, M. (2013). Coping Mechanisms as Antecedents of Justice and Organization Citizenship Behaviors: A Multi-Focal Perspective of the Social Exchange Relationship. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 32(2), 150-167.
Mangione, T. W. & Quinn R. P. (1974). Job Satisfaction, Counterproductive Behavior, and Drug at Work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1, 114-116.
Mayer, R. C. & Davis, J. H. (1999). The Effect of the Performance Appraisal System on Trust for Management: A Field Quasi-Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 123-136.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24–59.
McCauley, D. P. & Kuhnert, K. W. (1992). A Theoretical Review and Empirical Investigation of Employee Trust in Management. Public Administration Quarterly, 16(2), 265-284.
McGregor, D. M. (1996). The Human Side of Enterprise. Classical Readings in Organizational Behavior, 57-62. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1987). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Early Development and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 19(2), 199-215.
Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational Responses to Crisis: The Centrality of Trust. Trust in Organizations, 261-287. CA: Sage.
Moberg, D. J. (1997). On Employee Vice. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7, 41-60.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.
Morgan, R. M. & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. & Porter, L. W. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
Neuman, J. H. & Baron, R. A. (1998). Workplace Violence and Workplace Aggression: Evidence Concerning Specific Forms, Potential Causes, and Preferred Targets. Journal of Management, 24(3), 391-419.
Niehoff, B. P. & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 527-556.
Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B. & Wright, P. (2010). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage (7th Ed). NY: McGraw Hill.
Noor, A. (2009, November 14). Examining Organizational Citizenship Behavior as the Outcome of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Universities Teachers of Pakistan. Proceedings 2nd CBRC, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nyhan, R. C. & Marlowe, H. A. (1997). The Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Trust Inventory. Evaluation Review, 21, 614-635.
Nyhan, R. C. (2000). Changing the Paradigm: Trust and Its Role in Public Sector Organizations. American Review of Public Administration, 30(1), 87-109.
O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W. & Glew, D. J. (1996). Organization-Motivated Aggression: A Research Framework. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 225-253.
Oh, A., Park, K. & Yong, H. (2013). The Relationship of Perceived Organizational Support and Deviant Behavior in the Workplace: The Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment and the Moderating Effect of Organization-Based Self-Esteem. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 26(1), 119–147.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. MA: Lexington Books.
Peterson, D. K. (2002). Deviant Workplace Behavior and the Organization’s ethical climate. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(1), 47-61.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theroetical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
Ponnu, C. H. & Chuah, C. C. (2010). Organizational Commitment, Organizational Justice and Employee Turnover in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 4(13), 2676-2692.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T. & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
Puffer, S. M. (1987). Prosocial Behavior, Noncompliant Behavior, and Work Performance among Commission Salespeople. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(4), 615-621.
Rai, G. S. (2013). Impact of Organizational Justice on Satisfaction, Commitment and Turnover Intention: Can Fair Treatment by Organizations Make a Difference in Their Workers’ Attitudes and Behaviors? Journal of Human Sciences, 10(2), 260-284.
Randall, D. M. (1987). Commitment and the Organization: The Organization Man Revisited. The Academy of Management Review, 12(3), 460-471.
Rauf, F. A. (2015). Organizational Performance: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Its Forms, Conceptualizations and Antecedents. South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
Reyes, P. (1990). Teachers and Their Workplace: Commitment, Performance, and Productivity. California: Sage.
Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698.
Robinson, S. & Morrison, E. (1995). Psychological Contracts and OCB: The Effects of Unfulfilled Obligations on Civic Virtue Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 289-298.
Robinson, S. L. & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572.
Robinson, S. L. & Greenberg, J. (1998). Employees Behaving Badly: Dimensions, Determinants and Dilemmas in the Study of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 5, 1-30.
Robinson, S. L. (1996). Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 574-599.
Rousseau, D. M. & Parks, I. M. (1993). The Contracts of Individuals and Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 15, 41-43.
Sackett, P. R. & DeVore, C. J. (2001). Counterproductive Behaviors at Work. Handbook of Industrial, Work, and Organizational Psychology, 145-164. London: Sage.
Sagie, A., Birati, A. & Tziner, A. (2002). Assessing the Costs of Behavioral and Psychological Withdrawal: A New Model and an Empirical Illustration. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(1), 67-89.
Savage, D. (1982). Trust as a Productivity Management Tool. Training and Development Journal, 36(2), 54-57.
Sheppard, B. H., Lewicki, R. J. & Minton, J. W. (1992). Organizational Justice: The Search for Fairness in the Workplace. NY: Lexington Books.
Shukla, A. & Rai, H. (2015). Linking Perceived Organizational Support to Organizational Trust and Commitment: Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. Global Business Review, 16(6), 981-996.
Sitkin, S. B., See, K. E., Miller, C. C., Lawless, M. W. & Carton, A. M. (2011). The Paradox of Stretch Goals: Organizations in Pursuit of the Seemingly Impossible. The Academy of Management Review, 36(3), 544-566.
Skarlicki, D. P. & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(3), 416-425.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature and Antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
Spector, P. E. & Fox, S. (2002). An Emotion-Centered Model of Voluntary Work Behavior: Some Parallels Between Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 269-292.
Spector, P. E. & Fox, S. (2005). The Stressor-Emotion Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior. Counterproductive Work Behavior: Investigations of Actors and Targets, 151-174. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Staw, B. M. (1977). Commitment to a Policy Decision: A Multitheoretical Perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 40-64.
Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M. & Trice, H. M. (1978). Assessing Personal, Role, and Organizational Predictors of Managerial Commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 380-396.
Taylor, F. W. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. New York, London: Harper & Brothers.
Thibaut, J. W. & Walker, L. (1975). Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis. NJ: Erlbaum.
Turan, A. (2015). Examining the Impact of Machiavellianism on Psychological Withdrawal, Physical Withdrawal and Antagonistic Behavior. Global Business and Management Research, 7(3), 87.
Ulndag, O., Khan, S. & Guden, N. (2011). The Effects of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Turnover Intentions. Hospitality Review, 29, 1-21.
Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W. & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
Vardi, Y. & Wiener, Y. (1996). Misbehavior in Organizations: A Motivational Framework. Organization Science, 7(2), 151-165.
Vardi, Y. (2001). The Effects of Organizational and Ethical Climates on Misconduct at Work. Journal of Business Ethics, 29(4), 325-337.
Wheeler, H. N. (1976). Punishment Theory and Industrial Discipline. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 15(2), 235-243.
Whyte, W. H. (1956). The Organization Man. NY: Doubleday Anchor Books.
Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in Organization: A Normative View. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428.
Williams, L. J. & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behavior. Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
Yin, K. Y., Yusof, R., Lok, S. Y. P. & Zakariya, Z. (2018). The Effects of Collaborative Mobile Learning Using Edmodo among Economics Undergraduates. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 7(3), 40-47.