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研究生: 游允帥
Yu, Yun-Shuai
論文名稱: 擴充SIP協定以穿透NAT之有效方法
An Efficient NAT Traversal for SIP and Its Associated Media Sessions
指導教授: 黃文祥
Hwang, Wen-Shyang
謝錫堃
Shieh, Ce-Kuen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 42
中文關鍵詞: 會談啟始協定網路位址轉換器觸發位址連結
外文關鍵詞: SIP, NAT, TAB
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  •   Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)是由網際網路工程工作特別小組(IETF)所訂定的通訊協定,目的是讓網際網路上的兩個網路電話設備,能互相找尋到對方並建立連線。由於網際網路電話日益普及,SIP也隨著受到重視,並且有越來越多的應用使用SIP來建立連線。然而,SIP卻無法穿透NAT。由於NAT可以減緩IP位址不足的窘境,所以被廣泛地使用著。因此,如何讓SIP可以在有NAT的環境中運作,是個很值得探討的課題。這篇論文提出一個叫做TAB的方法,它可以在不須升級現有的NAT的前提下,幫助SIP設備建立一條通過NAT的最短路徑來進行連線。此方法已被驗證可以成功解決這個問題,而且其效能比之其他解法更能有效縮減資料傳輸的延遲時間。

      Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) standardized by IETF provides a way to establish the sessions between Internet telephony devices. With the popularity of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), SIP attracts more and more attentions and its functionalities become more and more powerful. However this protocol can’t work with Network Address Translator (NAT). NAT is a mechanism to alleviate the problem of IP addresses shortage and thus is used widely. Therefore how to make SIP NAT-friendly becomes a worthy topic. This paper proposes an efficient approach TAB (Triggering Address Bindings on NAT), which helps SIP devices establish the shortest paths for the media sessions without modifying the existing NAT products. The approach is validated, and the results show that the traffic delay time between devices with TAB is reduced substantially than that with other solutions.

    CONTENTS 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 致謝 iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Thesis Motivation 2 1.2 Contributions 3 1.3 Organization of this Thesis 3 Chapter 2 Background and Related Work 4 2.1 SIP 4 2.2 NAT 7 2.2.1 Basic NATs 8 2.2.2 Full-cone NATs 8 2.2.3 Restricted cone NATs (and Port restricted cone NATs) 8 2.2.4 Symmetric NATs 8 2.3 Related Work 8 2.3.1 RFC 3581 9 2.3.2 ALG 9 2.3.3 MIDCOM 10 2.3.4 STUN 11 2.3.5 TURN 12 2.3.6 ICE 14 2.3.7 IPv6 14 2.4 Summary 15 Chapter 3 TAB Approach 16 3.1 Prerequisites 16 3.2 The Operation of the TAB Approach 17 3.2.1 Solution of NAT Traversal for SIP Itself 17 3.2.2 Solution of NAT Traversal for Media Sessions 19 3.3 Security Consideration 22 3.3.1 Communicate with the Right Peer 22 3.3.2 Prevent the Violation of a Hacker 22 3.4 Network Topology with Hierarchical NATs 23 3.5 Summary 25 Chapter 4 System Implementation 26 4.1 Overview of Experimental Platform 26 4.2 Details of the SIP Phones 27 4.3 Details of the SIP Proxy 30 4.4 Details of the TAB Server 30 4.5 Performance Evaluation 31 4.6 Discussion 33 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Work 35 5.1 Conclusions 35 5.2 Future Work 35 References 37 自述 40

    1] J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, G. Camarillo, A. Johnston, J. Peterson, R. Sparks, M. Handley and E. Schooler, “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol”, RFC 3261, June 2002.

    [2] Bur Goode, “Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2002

    [3] J. Klensin and Editor, “Simple Mail Transfer Protocol”, RFC 2821, April 2001

    [4] P. Srisuresh, K. Egevang, “Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT)”, RFC 3022, January 2001.

    [5] B. Biggs, "A SIP application level gateway for network address translation," Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force, Mar. 2000.

    [6] C. Martin and A. Johnston, "SIP through NAT enabled firewall call flows," Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force, Feb. 2001.

    [7] J. Rosenberg, D. Drew, and H. Schulzrinne, "Getting SIP through firewalls and NATs," Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force, Feb. 2000.

    [8] Srisuresh, P., Kuthan, J., Rosenberg, J., Molitor, A. and A. Rayhan, "Middlebox Communication Architecture and Framework", RFC 3303, August 2002.

    [9] R. P. Swale, P. A. Mart, P. Sijben, S. Brim, and M. Shore, “Middlebox Communications (MIDCOM) Protocol Requirements”, RFC 3304, August 2002.

    [10] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1”, RFC 2616, June 1999.

    [11] M. Handley and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.

    [12] H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.

    [13] T.J. Socolofsky, C.J. Kale, “TCP/IP tutorial”, RFC 1180, January 1991

    [14] J. Rosenberg and H. Schulzrinne, “An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Symmetric Response Routing”, RFC 3581, August 2003.

    [15] J. Rosenberg, J. Weinberger, C. Huitema and R. Mahy, “STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs)”, RFC 3489, March 2003.

    [16] J. Rosenberg, R. Mahy and C. Huitema, “Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN)”, draft-rosenberg-MIDCOM-turn-03, October 2003.

    [17] J. Rosenberg and G. Camarillo, “Examples of Network Address Translation (NAT) and Firewall Traversal for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)”, draft-rosenberg-sipping-nat-scenarios-02, December 2003.

    [18] S. Deering, R. Hinden, “Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification”, RFC 2460, December 1998.

    [19] H. Schulzrinne, B. Volz, “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv6) Options for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Servers”, RFC 3319, July 2003.

    [20] About the IP telephone project. http://snad.ncsl.nist .gov/proj/iptel/. 2004.

    [21] JSR 32: JAINTM SIP API Specification. http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=32.

    [22] A JAIN-SIP tutorial

    http://snad.ncsl.nist.gov/proj/iptel/tutorial/JAIN-SIP-Tutorialv2.pdf

    [23] http://java.sun.com/

    [24] http://snad.ncsl.nist.gov/proj/iptel/src/nist-sip/jain-sip-presence-proxy/docs/gov/nist/sip/proxy/README.html

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