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研究生：	黃逸誠 Huang, Yi-Cheng
論文名稱：	具降低電源抖動和電磁輻射干擾之直流-直流轉換器 DC-DC Converter with Reduced Supply Bouncing and EMI
指導教授：	郭泰豪 Kuo, Tai-Haur 郭永超 Kuo, Yeong-chau
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	87
中文關鍵詞：	電磁輻射干擾、直流-直流轉換器、電源抖動
外文關鍵詞：	supply bouncing, EMI, DC-DC Converter
相關次數：	點閱：63 下載：7
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切換式直流-直流轉換器因具有高電流輸出且其切換速度相當快的輸出級功率電晶體，使得切換式直流-直流轉換器IC因為L*di/dt的原因而在晶片內部的產生相當大的電源抖動導致可靠度問題和電磁輻射干擾問題。因此本篇論文提及一個不同於傳統的功率輸出級電路，此電路可減緩輸出波形上升和下降迴轉率。利用不隨溫度改變的偏壓電流源、開關和一個回授電容使P型功率電晶體的閘極電壓緩慢上升來減緩輸出波形上升迴轉率; 另外利用傳統上的P型功率電晶體切割成好幾顆且並聯，再利用延遲線(delay line)造成骨牌效應依序控制這幾顆並聯的功率電晶體慢慢導通，慢慢關閉，使慢慢抽掉輸出點電荷達到減緩輸出波形下降迴轉率。所提出電路能降低輸出級切換時產生相當大的暫態電流並減少L*di/dt的電源抖動，因而降低可靠度和電磁輻射干擾問題，以大幅減少在系統應用工程人力與成本上的耗費。
本論文將此技術應用到電流型切換式直流-直流轉換器是使用0.35um 1P4M 3.3V混合訊號互補式金氧半製程來製作。晶片的全部面積為1.48×1.91mm2，付出面積代價為1.5%。此轉換器電路輸入電壓為2.4~3.3V，輸出電壓範圍為0.6~3V，最大電感電流為550mA，操作頻率為500kHz，線調整率為0.68%，負載調整率為0.175%，系統輸出點電壓波形上升時間35ns~55ns之間，下降時間約50ns左右。與傳統方式比起來，當外部寄生電感為10nH時，電源抖動電壓從2.8V改善至0.5V。詳細的驗證和效能將在稍後幾章中被描述。

Output power stage with high transient current and quickly switching time make large supply bouncing on chip due to L*di/dt and cause the reliability and radiation EMI problems for switching converter. For the above two problems, this thesis proposes a new power stage design scheme which is not like the traditional power stage design scheme. This scheme makes the slew-rate of rise and fall slow down. It slowly rises the gate voltage of the power PMOS to slow the rise slope of the output voltage by using a current bias generator, switch and feedback capacitor; power PMOS is divided to several and parallel connection. It makes several power PMOS turned on and of slowly in order by controlling delay line and slows the fall slope. It not only can reduce the large transient current and supply bouncing of L*di/dt due to switching but also reduces the reliability and radiation EMI problems. It makes less respectable costs and man power for switching converter.
This scheme applied to current-mode switching DC-DC converter is fabricated 0.35um 1P4M 3.3V Mixed Signal CMOS process. The total chip area is about 1.49×1.92mm2 and overhead is about 1.5% . The converter is as followed, Vin: 2.4~3.6V; Vout: 0.6V~3V; Max inductor current:~550mA; Switching frequrncy: 500kHz; Line Regulation: 0.68%; Load Regulation: 0.175%; the PWM output rise/fall time: 35ns~55ns/50ns; When the parasitic inductor is 10nH, supply bouncing voltage is improved from 2.8V to 0.5V comparing with the tranditional scheme; The detailed verification and performance will be described in following chapters.

內容目錄
簡介.......................................................................................................... 1
1	概述...........................................................................................................1
2	背景和動機…............................................................................................1
3	組織…........................................................................................................3

切換式直流-直流轉換器的基本原理	                                     4
1	概述………………………………………………………………………....................4
2	基本切換式直流-直流轉換器的摘要…………………………………..............4
2.1	輸出電壓漣波…………………………………………………...............................4
2.2	穩壓特性………………………………………………………................................4
2.3	暫態響應………………………………………………………................................6
2.4	效率…………………………………………………………….................................8
2.5	電磁干擾………………………………………………………................................9	

3	基本切換式直流-直流的轉換器摘要………………………………….............13
3.1	三種基本電路…………………………………………………..............................13
3.2	輸出電壓漣波值的計算………………………………………...........................18
3.3	降壓型轉換器CCM/DCM之邊界條件………………………......................20
3.4	不連續導通模式……………………………………………….............................21
3.5	切換式直流-直流轉換器的功率消耗…………………………......................23

4	傳統電流型切換式直流-直流轉換器電路架構方塊圖………………........26
4.1           電路架構方塊圖……………………………………………….....................................26

切換式直流-直流轉換器功率輸出級的改進技術	                 28
1	概述..........................................................................................................28
2	設計功率輸出級所產生的問題..…..........................................................28
2.1	可靠度問題…...........................................................................................31
2.2	電磁輻射干擾的問題...............................................................................31
3	功率輸出級之改進技術…........................................................................32
3.1	迴轉率控制...............................................................................................34
3.2	分散和權重式............................................................................................37
4	改善後的功率輸出級電路架構方塊圖......................................................38
5	具有迴轉率控制閘極驅動器功率輸出級電路實現...................................40

具降低電源抖動和電壓輻射干擾之電流型切換式直流-直流轉換器電路實現  45
1	概述............................................................................................................45
2	改進後的電流型切換式直流-直流轉換器電路架構圖…...........................45
3	帶差參考電路............................................................................................	46
4	系統補償器和運算放大器........................................................................	49
4.1	帶差參考電路和系統補償器所用兩級式運算放大器..............................	49
5	電流感測電路…........................................................................................	54
6	相加電路機制............................................................................................55
7	比較器電路................................................................................................57
8	脈衝和鋸齒波同步產生電路.....................................................................59
9	SR-閂鎖器.................................................................................................61
10	緩啟動電路................................................................................................63
11	模擬結果...................................................................................................	65

佈局和驗證結果	76
1	佈局平面規劃圖和佈局圖.........................................................................	76
2	PCB板的製作............................................................................................ 78
2.1           PCB板的製作概要圖...............................................................................	78
3	量測儀器架設…........................................................................................	79

結論和未來工作                                                                                       80
1	結論..........................................................................................................80
2	與相關文獻比較和權衡............................................................................80 
2.1	與相關研究比較.......................................................................................80
2.2	代價..........................................................................................................81
2.3	效率和輸出點電壓上升和下降時間權衡.................................................82
2.4	未來工作...................................................................................................83	

參考文獻	..................................................................................................................85
                                    

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校內：2011-08-04公開
校外：2011-08-04公開

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