台灣地震頻繁且多數城市建設於西部沖積平原，地震引發之土壤液化將可能影響建築物之安全性與受震行為。為探討座落於可液化地盤之不同基礎型式建築物的受震反應特性與樁~土互制行為，本研究對飽和砂土中樁基礎與筏式基礎建築物之縮尺物理模型進行一系列振動台試驗。採用大型層狀剪力箱作為地盤模型容器，模型樁以單支細長鋁管構成並採底部固定方式模擬貫入堅實地層，筏式基礎設計為完全補償型式，上部結構由鋁管與質量塊構成。以不同加速度振幅之正弦波與實際地震紀錄作為輸入運動，利用高性能地震模擬振動台進行激振試驗。透過地盤模型之加速規與水壓計、建物模型之加速規及模型樁身之應變計於試驗過程進行同步量測，以掌握地盤液化狀況、建築物受震反應與基樁側向承載行為。試驗結果顯示，地盤於發生液化後剪力強度顯著降低，導致剪力波無法有效傳遞，造成近地表加速度振幅下降，並與台面運動產生相位差。液化後樁基礎建築物頂樓加速度反而稍有放大，推測為剪力波由基樁直接傳遞至上部結構所致；一樓則因樁周土壤束制力下降，出現高頻顫動。液化亦使樁基礎建築物受震反應之顯著頻率與整體分佈型態產生相當之變化，反映樁周土壤提供之側向支撐能力喪失。筏式基礎建築物在液化前，因輸入運動頻率接近其自然頻率，產生共振效應，導致頂樓加速度明顯放大；液化後則因土層明顯弱化之故，建築物受震反應與其顯著頻率皆大幅下降；然而，筏式基礎建築物模型但在第一組地盤發生明顯液化之試驗後即發生傾倒。在樁~土互制行為方面，樁身撓曲應變顯示彎矩分佈大致呈現雙曲率特性，液化發生前，樁身最大彎矩發生於淺層；液化後則改而發生於樁底固定端，並出現反曲點上移現象。液化亦導致樁~土相對變位增加，且當樁身彎矩達最大時，大部分樁身地盤反力與樁~土相對變位方向一致，顯示土壤此時係對樁身施加載重，而非提供阻抗。此外，地盤反力係數隨超額孔隙水壓比上升而大致呈現下降，尤以淺層土壤較為明顯。以上結果，將可做為具液化潛能地區建築物結構與基礎耐震設計之參考。

In this study, the seismic responses of buildings with pile and raft foundations on liquefiable ground were investigated using shaking table tests on their scaled physical models. The pile was modeled by a bottom-fixed single aluminum pipe, whereas the raft foundation model was designed to be fully compensated. The superstructure of each building model was an aluminum pipe with a steel block on its top. The input motions included sinusoids and real earthquake records. After the ground model was liquefied and much degraded, its near-surface acceleration amplitude decreased and exhibited a phase lag relative to the table motion; meanwhile, the pile-foundation building however showed certain amplification of its roof acceleration with noticeable shift of the predominant frequency . The raft-foundation building experienced resonance before liquefaction because its natural frequency was close to the excitation frequency; whereas the magnitude and predominant frequency of its seismic response dropped significantly after liquefaction because of soil degradation. Notably, the raft-foundation building tipped over after the first test with severe liquefaction. The flexural strains along the pile indicated double-curvature bending, and the peak bending moment shifted toward the fixed end of pile after liquefaction with the inflection point moving upward. Moreover, liquefaction also led to larger relative displacement between the pile and soil and converted the soil reaction from resistance to loading.

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