為因應石油危機及全球氣候變遷等惡劣因素，全球皆致力發展環保再生能源，其中風能便為具有無汙染與永續性等特性之能源，而台灣近年來也開始於西部海岸實施海上風力發電場之計畫。由於台灣位處地震帶，故為了確保海上風力發電機之安全性及功能性，本研究擬採用調諧質量阻尼器(TMD)來降低風機結構的受震反應。與其他減震裝置相比，TMD系統可被視為風機結構之一部份，可在不影響風機系統特性下達到有效的減震效果，故為風機結構之理想減震元件。有鑑於此，本文之研究目的與發現主要有以下四點：(1)本文參考美國NREL 5-MW之套筒式風機結構，於大型砂箱中建立1/25 縮尺模型以進行振動台測試，以便在考量考慮砂土互制及土壤液化之環境下，實際探討TMD 對離岸風機的減震效能。實驗結果顯示，即使在風機結構受液化作用下，TMD仍為有效之減震元件，風機頂端之最大反應可降低約14%，RMS反應值則可降低約45%，但TMD之衝程需求亦不小。(2)為方便未來TMD 之設計與評估應用，本文針對套筒式風機支撐結構，建議一含6個自由度之風機結構簡化分析模型，振動台實驗結果證實此簡化模型可用以預估含TMD或不含TMD 時之風機結構反應，此反應包含機艙、塔柱底及套筒底等點位之反應。(3)為能節省未來離岸風機TMD實驗之成本，本文亦探討振動台即時複合實驗(real-time hybrid testing，RTHT)應用於風機TMD 減震研究之可行性及其相關實驗問題。RTHT實驗技術為一種結合數值模型與實體次結構模型之技術，在本文中數值模型為風機結構，實體模型為TMD機構，故可大幅減少實驗經費及空間。由本文之RTHT實驗結果可知，RTHT實驗確可重現完整離岸風機TMD實驗之反應。在多種RTHT 實驗條件中，採用振動台加速度控制及採用多自由度風機數值模型時，RTHT所得之實驗結果最為精準，此乃由於振動台設備本身之加速度控制頻率響應函數優於位移控制者，而且多自由度數值模型可模擬高頻振態反應之故。(4)為探討在大地震力下當風機結構進入非線性時，TMD是否仍具減震效果，本文乃於數值模型中以文氏模型(Bouc-Wen model)模擬風機結構降伏後之非線性行為，並進行RTHT實驗，實驗結果發現TMD對主結構加速度仍有較好的減震表現。

Due to climate change and the ongoing oil crisis, people are committed to developing environmental-friendly renewable energy, and wind energy is one of the non-polluting and sustainable energy sources. Since Taiwan is located in an earthquake prone zone, in order to ensure the safety and functionality of offshore wind turbines (OWTs), this study investigates the seismic mitigation of OWT structures by using a tuned mass damper (TMD). Compared with other damping devices, the TMD can be integrated into an OWT structure without altering the OWT system. Because of this reason, TMD can be an ideal energy dissipation device for OWT structures. The objectives and main findings of this study include the following three aspects: (1) Based on the specifications of a 5-MW jacket-type OWT suggested by the National Renewable Energy Research Center (NREL, USA), a 1/25 scaled-down test model and its corresponding TMD was fabricated and tested by a shaking table. In the test, a large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy soil was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The result shows that TMD is an effective energy dissipater even under the condition of soil liquefaction because both the peak and root-mean-square (RMS) responses of the test model are reduced. However, large TMD stroke demand is required. (2) For the convenience of design and assessment of the TMD, this thesis proposes a simplified analytical model for a jacket-type OWT structure with 6 degrees of freedom. The results of a shaking table test (STT) conducted on the tested OWT model verified that the proposed simplified model can accurately simulate the responses of the OWT with or without a TMD. (3) To reduce the experimental cost, this study investigates the feasibility of using real-time hybrid testing (RTHT) for the performance test of the TMD on an OWT. The experimental results show that the RTHT can indeed reproduce the responses of an OWT with a TMD. The results are most accurate when a multi-degree-of-freedom numerical model are adopted for the OWT structure. The outcomes of the RTHT also reveals that the TMD is still effective in reducing the acceleration response of the OWT structure, even when the structure enters its nonlinear range under extreme earthquakes.

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