有關心智疾病的盛行率，已被廣泛研究。根據世界衛生組織(WHO)在西元2001年估計全世界約有4億5仟萬人可能因大腦問題而罹患某種心智疾病，而且約有四分之一人終其一生符合此條件。國際共病追蹤機構(NCS)根據西元2000年至西元2003年間指出，幾近46.4%的美國人終其一生被指出滿足DSM-IV之診斷準則。其中焦慮疾病28.8%、情感性疾病20.8%。衝動控制困難24.8%及物質濫用14.6%。於西元2005年56個國家針對精神分裂症研究，其終生盛行率約為0.4%，而12個月內罹病之盛行率約0.3%。所有心智疾病都以嚴重精神疾病來展現，甚至與社交活動及功能或大腦生物學因子缺損有關。心智疾病中如精神分裂症之生物學因子中生理訊號及臨床意涵間之關聯性，很少被研究。本研究之主要目的在於了解(一)在精神分裂症患者中，生物學因子及生理訊號是否可預測認知功能表現。(二)藉此建立具區辨能力之生理訊號因子。(三) 使用正性與負性症狀評量表(PANSS)及個人與社會功能量表(PSP)結合生理訊號作為藥物治療之量測指標。
在精神科的領域，神經心理測驗在研究及臨床治療上之應用漸趨廣泛，認知功能愈嚴重，預後愈差，威斯康辛卡片測驗(WCST)及其他生理工具常被用來評估認知功能，但很少用視覺誘發波進行相關認知功能之評估。43位精神分裂者及40位不具其他精神疾病或物質濫用者，二者在視覺及聽覺誘發波的研究，呈現有意義之差異。
本研究顯示運用聽覺及視覺誘發波之方法可了解，事件誘發時大腦之活動改變量及允許了解各部位之反應情形。我們的研究顯示在精神分裂症之聽覺及視覺誘發波可呈現出認知功能的退化，而且視覺誘發波可比聽覺誘發波更具特異性，而且在我們研究中，更將誘發波與WCST中各項指標進行關聯研究，其中「總錯誤次數」、 「固執性反應」、「固執性錯誤」、「非固執性錯誤」、 「完成第一類別之試誤次數」、及「再度學習」等6項。兩者會有差異，此外，我們也藉由精神分裂症患者接受新型抗精神病用藥之臨床經驗，結合正性與負性症狀評量表(PANSS)及個人與社會功能量表(PSP)之應用，評估症狀緩解之臨床指標。
綜合言之，精神分裂症之治療在研究人員、醫療同仁及患者之努力下，已有顯著的進展，目前以症狀緩解及合識的社會功能為精神分裂症患者是否為復原的評估目標。本研究期待藉由此成果，可建立起一套便利之生理誘發波及威斯康辛卡片測驗(WCST)工具，藉此可應用於精神分裂症患者，以成為臨床治療上有效之評估工具。

The prevalence of mental disorders has been studied around the world, providing estimates on how common mental disorders are. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2001 that about 450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder or brain condition, and that one in four people meet criteria at some point in their life. The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was replicated and updated between 2000 and 2003 and indicated that, of those groups of disorders assessed, nearly half of Americans (46.4%) reported meeting criteria at some point in their life for a DSM-IV anxiety disorder (28.8%), mood disorder (20.8%), impulse-control disorder (24.8%) or substance use disorders (14.6%). A 2005 review of prior surveys in 46 countries on the prevalence of schizophrenic disorders, including a prior 10-country WHO survey, found an average (median) figure of 0.4% for lifetime prevalence up to the point of assessment and 0.3% in the 12-month period prior to assessment. All mental disorders were demonstrated as severity of psychiatric symptoms, category of social activity and function and biological deficient of brain. Electrophysiological biological markers of patients with mental disorder such as schizophrenic patients were seldom studied with the correlation between the clinical implications and electrophysiological signals. The major purposes of this study were 1) to examine whether biological markers and neurological signs predict cognitive performance in both schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects, 2) to determine the ability of neurological signs and neuropsychological tests to discriminate schizophrenic from healthy subjects and 3). to apply Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale for the schizophrenic patients with novel antipsychotic in clinical practice
Neuropsychological testing has been increasingly applied in the study and clinical treatment assessment in psychiatry. The severer cognitive impairment was, the poorer prognosis was. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and other neuropsychological batteries were often introduced to evaluate the cognitive function, rather than Visual Long-term Evoked Potentials. Forty-three schizophrenic patients were selected as experimental group patients, and 40 healthy subjects with no medical history of any kind of psychiatric diseases, neurological diseases, or drug abuse, were recruited as a control group. Auditory and visual ERPs were studied with an oddball paradigm. All the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 10.0.
This study shows the methodology of application of auditory and visual oddball paradigm identifies task-relevant sources of activity and allows separation of regions that have different response properties. Our study indicates that there may be slowness of automatic cognitive processing and controlled cognitive processing of visual ERPs compared to auditory ERPs in schizophrenic patients. The activation changes of visual evoked potentials are more regionally specific than auditory evoked potentials. There were no detailed studies concerning the interrelationships between ERPs and many clinical mental test batteries. In our study, the students’ t test showed only six items significant between control and schizophrenic groups. They were “Total number of errors”, ”Perseverative responses”, “Perseverative errors”, “Non-perseverative errors”, ”Number of trials to complete first category” and “Learning to learn” . Otherwise, we aimed to further explore relations between symptomatic remission and functionality evaluation in schizophrenia patients treated with paliperidone extended-release (ER), as seen in a normal day-to-day practice, using flexible dosing regimens of paliperidone ER. We explored symptomatic remission rate in patients treated with flexibly dosed paliperidone ER by 8 items of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and change of Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale.
Progress in therapeutic options for schizophrenia has revived long-term expectations of researchers, practitioners and patients. At present, definitions of therapeutic outcome include both maintained symptomatic remission and appropriate functioning in a conceptual framework that targets patient’s recovery as the ultimate goal. We aimed to know the clinical features of patients with schizophrenia and apply electrophysiological ERP and WCST for achieving these outcomes under antipsychotic treatment.

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