本論文旨在研發一套輔以頻率調控技術控制傳能方向之雙端輸出無線充電平台。此研究乃考量以一對多無線充電架構為技術開發目標，但現行之三線圈式雙端輸出架構雖可透過調變頻率改變傳能標的，卻需同時改變諧振電容，實用價值較為受限。故本文研究藉由頻率分異理論，並輔以線圈諧振點設計推導出於操作過程毋需同步調整諧振電容之可控雙端輸出無線充電平台，並且導入中繼線圈以改善三線圈架構之諧振特性及缺點，進而完成五線圈架構理論建立。此外，本文並由電路模型及數學描述進行模擬，同時完成設計流程規劃，可供不同規格時之線圈參數選擇，而為確認所提方法之可行性。本文經由各項波形數據之實際測試，實驗結果證實本文所提之理論及設計方法具應用價值，可提供相關系統開發參考之需。

The thesis aims to develop a wireless power transfer (WPT) platform with controllable dual-output. The goal lies in the research development of a WPT with multiple receivers. Although the existent dual-output WPT system of three coils was reported to feasible for direction change of power delivery by frequency control, it still requires additional efforts on the handling of resonant capacitance and the practical value is yet limited. Therefore, in view of this inconvenience, the thesis is first devoted to designing a controllable WPT platform with dual-output based on the frequency-splitting theory that is aided with a resonant point design, by which the work on the tuning of resonant capacitance can be saved. Subsequently, the concept of relay coil is employed to improve the demerits of prevailing structure, where a five-coil structure is meanwhile formulated. This newly developed platform is verified through mathematic derivations and circuit model simulation, in which the design flow of coil parameters is well formulated to fit for different specifications. In order to ensure the feasibility of proposed method, the method has been tested under different scenarios. Experimental outcomes validate the practical values of proposed theory and design method, which can be severed as useful references for related systems development.

參考文獻
[1]Y. Nagatsuka, N. Ehara, Y. Kaneko, S. Abe, and T. Yasuda, “Compact Contactless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles,” International Power Electronics Conference, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 807-813, June 2010.
[2]C. S. Wang, O. H. Stielau, and G. A. Covic, “Design Considerations for a Contactless Electric Vehicle Battery Charger,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1308-1314, October 2005.
[3]J. Sallan, J. L. Villa, A. LIombart, and J. F Sanz, “Optimal Design of ICPT Systems Applied to Electric Vehicle Battery Charge,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 2140-2149, June 2009.
[4]E. Waffenschmidt, “Wireless Power for Mobile Devices,” IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 1-9, October 2011.
[5]P. Meyer, P. Germano, M. Markovic, and Y. Perriard, “Design of a Contactless Energy-Transfer System for Desktop Peripherals,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 1643-1651, July 2011.
[6]J. P. W. Chow, N. Chen, H. S. H. Chung, and L. L. H. Chan, “Misalignment Tolerable Coil Structure for Biomedical Applications with Wireless Power Transfer,” International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Osaka, Japan, pp. 775-778, July 2013.
[7]X. Zhang, S. L. Ho, and W. N. Fu, “A Hybrid Optimal Design Strategy of Wireless Magnetic-Resonant Charger for Deep Brain Stimulation Devices,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 2145-2148, May 2013.
[8]A. K. Ramrakhyani, S. Mirabbasi, and M. Chiao, “Design and Optimization of Resonance-based Efficient Wireless Power Delivery System for Biomedical Implants,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuit System, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 48-63, February 2011.
[9]J. W. Kim, H. C. Son, D. H. Kim, K. H. Kim, and Y. J. Park, “Optimal Design of Wireless Power Transfer System with Multiple Self-resonators for an LED TV,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp.775-780, August 2012.
[10]H. A. Haus and W. Huang, “Coupled-mode Theory,” IEEE Invited Paper, Vol. 79, No. 10, pp. 1505-1518, October 1991.
[11]Z. Yan, C. Zhang, Q. Yang, Y. Li, D. Xi, and Z. Wang, “Design and Analysis of Cuboid Film Resonator for Wireless Power Transmission System Based on Resonant Coupling,” IEEE 15th International Conference of Electrical Machines and Systems, pp. 1-5, Sapporo, Japan, October 2014.
[12]F. Zhang, S. A. Hackworth, W. Fu, C. Li, Z. Mao, and M. Sun, “Relay Effect of Wireless Power Transfer Using Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 1478-1481, May 2011.
[13]V. Jiwariyavej, T. Imura ,and Y. Hori, “Coupleing Coefficients Estimation of Wireless Power Transfer System via Magnetic Resonance Coupling Using Information from Either Side of the System,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 191-200, March 2015.
[14]B. L. Cannon, J. F. Hoburg, D. D. Stancil, and S. C. Goldstein, “Magnetic Resonant Coupling as a Potential Mean for Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Small Receiver,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp.1819-1825, July 2009.
[15]B. L. Cannon, J. F. Hoburg, D. D. Stancil, and S. C. Goldstein, “Magnetic Resonant Coupling as a Potential Means for Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Small Receivers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 1819-1825, July 2009.
[16]C. J. Chen, T. H. Chu, C. L. Lin, and Z. C. Jou, “A Study of Loosely Coupled Coils for Wireless Power Transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 536-540, July 2010.
[17]S. H. Lee and R. D. Lorenz, “Development and Validation of Model for 95%-Efficiency 220-W Wireless Power Transfer Over a 30-cm Air Gap,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 2495-2504, November 2011.
[18]O. Jonah and S. V. Georgakopoulos, “Wireless Power Transfer in Concrete via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp.1378-1384, March 2013.
[19]H. C. Son, J. W. Kim, D. H. Kim, K. H. Kim, and Y. J. Park, “Self-resonant Coil with Coaxial-like Capacitor for Wireless Power Transfer,” Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, pp. 90-93, Melbourne, Australia 2011.
[20]J. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kong, H. Kim, I. S. Suh, N. P. Suh, D. H. Cho, J. Kim, and S. Ahn, “Coil Design and Shielding Methods for a Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 1332-1342, June 2013.
[21]C. S. Wang, G. A. Covic, and O. H. Stielau, “Power Transfer Capability and Bifurcation Phenomena of Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 148-157, February 2004.
[22]A. K. Ramrakhyani and G. Lazzi, “On the design of efficient multi-coil telemetry system for biomedical implants,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuit System, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 11-23, February 2013.
[23]D. Ahn and S. Hong, “Effect of Coupling Between Multiple Transmitter or Multiple Receiver on Wireless Power Transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 2602-2613, July 2013.
[24]A. Kamineni, G. A. Covic, and J. T. Boys, “Analysis of Coplanar Intermediate Coil Structures in Inductive Power Transfer Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronic, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 6141-6154, November 2015.
[25]D. Ahn and S. Hong, “A Study on Magnetic Field Repeater in Wireless Power Transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 360-371, January 2013.
[26]S. Moon, B. C. Kim, S. Y. Cho, C. H. Ahn, and G. W. Moon, “Analysis and Design of a Wireless Power Transfer System with an Intermediate Coil for High Efficiency,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronic, Vol. 61,No.11, pp. 5861-5870, November 2014.
[27]S. Moon and G. W. Moon, “Wireless Power Transfer System with an Asymmetric 4-Coil Resonator for Electric Vehicle Battery Charges,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, pp. 1650-1657, Charlotte, USA, March 2015.
[28]A. Kamineni, G. A. Covic, and J. T. Boys, “Analysis of Coplanar Intermediate Coil Structures in Inductive Power Transfer Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronic, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 6141-6154, November 2015.
[29]A. Kurs, R. Moffatt, and M. Soljacic, “Simultaneous Mid-range Power Transfer to Multiple Receiver,” Applied Physics Letter, Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 0044102-1-044102-3, January 2010.
[30]J. Kim, D. H. Kim, and Y. J. Park, “Analysis of Capacitive Impedance Matching Networks for Simultaneous Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Devices,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 2807-2813, May 2015.
[31]Y. J. Kim, D. Ha, W. J. Chappell, and P. P. Irazoqui, “Selective Wireless Power Transfer for Smart Power Distribution in a Miniature-sized Multiple Receiver System,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 1853-1862, March 2016.
[32]Y. Zang, T. Lu, Z. Zhao, F. He, K. Chen, and L. Yuan, “Selective Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Loads Using Receivers of Different Resonant Frequencies,” Letters of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 6001-6005, November 2015.
[33]O. H. Stielau and G. A. Covic, “Design of Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer Systems,” IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, Perth, Australia, pp. 85-90, December 2000.
[34]W. Zhou and H. Ma, “Design Considerations of Compensation Topologies in ICPT System,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, California, USA, pp. 985-990, February 2007.
[35]C. S. Wang, G. A. Covic, and O. H. Stielau, “Power Transfer Capability and Bifurcation Phenomena of Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 148-157, February 2004.
[36]S. Hasanzadeh and S. Vaez-Zadeh, “Enhancement of Overall Coupling Coefficient and Efficiency of Contactless Energy Transmission Systems,” Power Electronics,” Drive Systems and Technologies Conference, Tehran, Iran, pp. 638-643, February 2011.
[37]R. Trevisan and A. Costanzo, “A 1-kW Contactless Energy Transfer System Based on a Rotary Transformer for Sealing Rollers,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, No. 11, pp. 6337-6345, November 2014.
[38]Q. W. Zhu, L. F. Wang, and C. L. Liao, “Compensate Capacitor Optimization for Kilowatt-Level Magnetically Resonant Wireless Charging System,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, No. 12, pp. 6758-6768, December 2014.
[39]Z. N. Low, R. A. Chinga, R. Tseng, and J. Lin, “Design and Test of a High-Power High-Efficiency Loosely Coupled Planar Wireless Power Transfer System,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 1801-1812, May 2009.
[40]X. Liu, “Qi Standard Wireless Power Transfer Technology Development Toward Spatial Freedom,” IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 32-39, May 2015.
[41]S. Y. Hui, “Planar Wireless Charging Technology for Portable Electronic Products and Qi,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.101, No. 6, pp. 1290-1301, June 2013.
[42]Y. Zhang and Z. Zhao, “Frequency Analysis of Two-coil Resonant Wireless Power Transfer,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 13, pp.400-402, February 2014.
[43]W. S. Lee, W. I. Son, K. S. Oh, and J. W. Yu, “Contactless Energy Transfer Systems Using Antiparallel Resonant Loops,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 350-359, January 2013.
[44]K. K. Ean, B. T. Chuan, T. Imura, and Y. Hori, “Impedance Matching and Power Division Algorithm Considering Cross Coupling for Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance,” IEEE 34th International Conference on Telecommunication Energy, pp.1-5, Scottsdale, USA, September-October 2012.
[45]A. Kurs, A. Karalis, R. Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, P. Fisher, and M. Soljacic, “Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance,” Scienece Expression, Vol. 317, pp. 83-85, June 2007.
[46]www.deepfriedneon.com/tesla_F_calcspiral.html
[47]TMS320F28335 Data Manual, Texas Instruments, 2012.
[48]TLP350 Datasheet, Toshiba, 2003.