研究背景：烙印問題是智能障礙者回歸社區的阻礙。烙印形成的重要成因之ㄧ為負面的刻板印象，而媒體正是現代社會中，製造及複製刻板印象的主要工具和造成烙印問題的重要媒介。故探討智能障礙者在媒體的形象將有助於了解其烙印議題。但過去有關智能障礙者的媒體研究缺乏源自對媒體本身的分析及長期性的觀察，因此無法理解智能障礙者烙印問題中媒體所形塑的形象全貌。
研究目的：本研究旨在了解自2001年至2010年間台灣智能障礙者在報紙所描述的形象展現，並分析此十年間智能障礙者媒體形象的變化。
研究方法：本研究從台灣「聯合知識庫」的新聞資料庫，選取聯合報之資料，進行研究。抽樣模式分為三階段：第一階段自2001年起，以每兩個月為一單位，將十年的期程劃分為60個單位；第二階段則在每單位中隨機抽樣出兩個禮拜，共有120個禮拜作為新聞樣本選取的時段；第三階段則於所選取之禮拜中，進行關鍵字「智障」的新聞/文章檢索，選取智能障礙相關之文章。共有1,177則樣本進行最後內容分析。
研究結果：(1)新聞報導中智能障礙者形象以「悲傷沮喪形象」（36.7％）最多，之後依序為「需求形象」（30.8％）及「積極肯定形象」（32.5％）。若進一步分析三種形象，悲傷沮喪形象最主要為「個人受苦」（15.1%）；需求形象中最主要為「慈愛的需求」（19.4%）；而「正常化」（20.2%）則為積極肯定形象的首位。(2)智能障礙者三種形象在年齡分佈：在「悲傷沮喪形象」裡，以成年角色為最多(56.7%)、孩童/青少年次之(32.2%)，而年齡無指涉比例最低(11.1%)；「需求形象」以年齡無指涉比例最高(64.2%)、成年最低(10.2%)；積極肯定形象中以孩童/青少年最多(40.3%)，成年最少(22.3%)。除此之外，在智能障礙者新聞樣本中，54.2%的報導並無性別指涉的描述。 (3) 根據形象類別的比率，智能障礙者新聞此十年間，可將媒體形象切分為三個時程來描述其變化，分別為1) 2001~2002年「正向形象期」；2) 2003~2007年「負向形象增長期」以及3) 2008~2010年「形象扭轉期」。
研究結論：(1)智能障礙者社會形象仍以悲傷沮喪形象為居多，若就年代區分來檢視每年形象比例，可發現悲傷沮喪、需求及積極肯定三形象具明顯差異。(2)三種形象中，「悲傷沮喪形象」中，傾向呈現成年的角色；而「積極肯定形象」描述則多以孩童角色及性別無指涉的方式出現。(3)透過媒體長期資料的分析可知，智能障礙者平面媒體形象會因社會脈絡而有不同的變化。
研究建議：基於本研究結果，建議臨床從業人員或團體應對媒體在智能障礙者所形塑的形象有所敏感度，呼籲媒體減少偏重悲觀沮傷的負面形象描寫，並增加公共議題的討論，而稱謂改變的策略應與正向積極的形象傳遞作為結合，才有可能有效降低智能障礙者社會烙印的問題。

Background: People with Intellectual Disability (ID) frequently experience stigma in society. One of the factors that causes stigma in this special group is the stereotyping produced and transmitted by the mass media. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the image of people with ID as they are portrayed in the mass media. To date there has been only limited research, from a longitudinal perspective, analyzing newspaper portrayals of people with ID.
Purpose: to understand general image and its change of persons with ID presented in printed newspapers in Taiwan over a period of 2001 to 2010.
Method: In this study, the samples of articles were selected from the media databank UDNDATA. There were three stages in our sampling. (1) Since 2001, every two months was as a unit and the time period of procedure (2001~2010) was divided into 60 units. (2) Two weeks were selected randomly from each unit, therefore there were total 120 weeks as the time slot of articles sampling. (3) Each article was selected from 120 weeks through the keyword “Zhan-Zhang (intellectual disability in Chinese)”. Finally, 1,177 articles were analyzed by content analysis.
Results :(1) Three main images were portrayed. The most of articles revolved around the “dispirited” image (36.7%), followed by “affirmative” (32.5%), and “needy” (30.8%). Of the four subthemes pertaining to the dispirited image, “personal suffering” is the one most often described (15.1%). The “need for charitable assistance (19.4%)” is most often associated with the “needy” image, whereas “normalcy (20.2%)” is a commonly identified attribute related to an “affirmative” image. (2) The ratio of children/adolescents, adults and no age description in dispirited portrayals is 32.2%, 56.7% and11.1%. In needy image is 25.6%, 10.2% and 64.2%. In affirmative image is 40.3%, 22.3% and 37.4%. (3) From a longitudinal perspective, the change of the image of people with ID can be classified into three periods. During the first period (2001~2002) the affirmative image was portrayed in the greatest proportion of the articles examined, and the dispirited image was the least portrayed of the three classifications. In the second period（2003~2007）the dispirited image was increasingly portrayed, and it reached its highest point in 2007. The third period（2008~2010）was notable for the switching of the dispirited image and the affirmative image in the frequency rankings, with portrayals of the affirmative image vaulting to the top.
Conclusion: (1) During ten years, the pessimistic portrayal of people with ID (classified as the “dispirited” image) was most of the three kinds of images. (2) People with ID who are portrayed as exhibiting the dispirited image are often also identified as adults. In portrayals of the affirmative image for people with ID, the subjects are tending to be described as children or adolescents. (3)Through content analysis in a longitudinal perspective, the newspaper portrayal of people with ID was found to be related with the social context.
Suggestion: The professionals and social groups working for the people with ID need to have sensitivity to the social image represented in media, appealing to cease description of dispirited image and add the discussion of public issue about the people with ID. Besides, it may be effective for confronting social stigma among the people with ID to combining the strategy of rectifying the name and transmitting of positive image of people with ID.

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