台東縣向陽地區蘊藏豐富的絹雲母礦，可採礦量約為1500萬噸，品位約為50%，目前年產量有3萬噸左右，是台灣地區最具經濟價值之工業礦物原料之一。絹雲母為片狀矽酸鹽礦物，在傳統工業上，絹雲母以優異的抗紫外線、除靜電、耐熱、絕緣、化學安定等性質，領先其他材料，可應用於電絕緣板、防火材料、油漆、及塑膠填充料等方面，目前向陽絹雲母尚未有較高單價的應用。
絹雲母之結晶構造與化學成份均與白雲母[KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2]相似，僅其粒徑較白雲母細。絹雲母的單位晶室之c軸長為20Å，屬奈米範圍，有可能成為一維奈米材料的候選者。但是向陽絹雲母有三個問題須先妥予解決，其奈米特性方有可能充分利用：首先為絹雲母之天然粒徑仍大，必須將其粒徑縮減至相當細的程度；其次為絹雲母的層間電荷高，剝層處理有困難，須將層間電荷降低，以利後續之插層工作；最後為向陽雲母礦之品位僅達百分之五十，另一半是葉蠟石，須先予以分離。若能將絹雲母粒徑中之一維縮減至奈米範圍，比表面積增大，其絕緣性、耐熱性、耐腐蝕、抗紫外線、除靜電、化學安定、良好的彈性等性質將可大幅發揮，可進一步提高絹雲母的經濟價值。
本研究探討向陽絹雲母礦之研磨及其對粒徑縮減極限及結晶度之影響，並以水熱反應進行絹雲母層間一價陽離子之置換，以為後續離子交換、插層之研究奠定基礎條件。
本研究首先以攪拌磨機研磨絹雲母樣品，結果顯示；攪拌研磨48 hr之樣品，已成非晶質，其等比表面積圓盤直徑可由絹雲母水洗礦之26.41μm縮減至0.12μm，依此直徑估算之絹雲母厚度為40 nm，為其單位晶室c軸長之二倍，繼續增加攪拌研磨時間至96 hr，其粒徑無繼續縮減之趨勢，顯示已達粒徑縮減之極限。其次將攪拌研磨12 hr之絹雲母與不同濃度鹽類溶液混合，在220℃及23 atm水熱條件下，進行層間一價陽離子之置換反應，結果發現經研磨處理已成為非晶質之絹雲母，經水熱處理後，一價陽離子有進入晶格重建絹雲母結構之效能，由X光繞射圖譜中觀察，重建效果的優劣順序為K+＞NH4+＞Na+＞Li+。水熱反應溶液中若同時含有一價陽離子及Al3+，則K+置換量較僅有一價陽離子時大幅升高，且Al3+ 濃度愈高，K+ 離子置換量愈大，Na+ 對K+ 的置換性最佳，其次為NH4+ 、Li+。本研究最佳條件為添加5 M 一價陽離子及5 M Al3+，220℃反應2 hr，其K+ 置換量百分比依Na+、NH4+、Li+ 之順序為63.6 %、52.5 %及39.4 %。
觀察絹雲母樣品中K+ 含量的減少及置換進入晶格的一價陽離子量的關係，發現Li+ 進入絹雲母中的量大約等於置換出之K+ 量，顯示Li + 置換絹雲母礦物中之K+，使其改質成某些層間為Li + 之鋰質雲母。Na+ 進入絹雲母中的量均超過置換出之K+ 量，顯示Na+ 不僅置換絹雲母中之K+，使其轉變為鈉雲母，並有可能將葉臘石轉換為鈉雲母，在5 M Na+，0.5 M Al3+，220℃，1 hr之水熱反應條件下，絹雲母及葉臘石轉換成鈉雲母之轉換率分別為41.1 % 及20.1 %。

In Hsiang-Yang area of Taitung county, there is a huge amount of reservation of sericite deposite. The recoverable amount is estimated to be about 15 million tons with a grade of 50%. The annual production at present is about 30000 tons. It is one of the most economically important industrial minerals in Taiwan Province. Sericite is a layered silicate mineral. It has excellent properties in anti-ultraviolet, anti-static, heat resistance, electricity insulation, chemical stability, etc. It is already used in conventional industry, as filler in the manufacturing of electric insulating plate, fire-resistant material, paint and plastics. However, no high-valued application has been discovered until present.
The crystalline structure and chemical composition of sericite is similar to muscovite [KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2]. The thickness of the unit cell is about 20 Å, which falls in nanometer range, making sericite an ideal candidate of nano-material. However, three problems should be solved in order to utilize sericite’s nano-properties. The first is that the natural size of sericite is still large. Size must be reduced to relatively fine range. The second is that the interlayer charge of sericite is high, which makes the exfoliation of sericite difficult. The charge must be reduced. The last is that only 50% of the concentrate is sericite. The other half is pyrophyllite, which must be separated. If the size of sericite can be reduced to nanosize range and specific surface area increased, the properties of insulation, heat-resistance, erosion-resistance, anti -ultraviolet, anti-static, chemical stability and elasticity can all be fully developed. The economic value of sericite can be further increased.
The objectives of this research are to investigate the size reduction limit and crystallinity change of grinding operation; to investigate the hydrothermal reaction conditions on interlayer atom substitution. The results can be used for the future cation exchange and intercalation of sericite.
The grinding of sericite was performed using a stirrer-mill. The original sericite equivalent specific surface area disk diameter of sericite sample is 26.41 μm, after grinding for 48 hr, the size is reduced to 0.12μm. The estimated thichness form this diameter is 40 nm, which is about 2 times of lattice c-axis. Further lengthened grinding to 96 hours, seemed to have no effect on size reduction, a hint of reaching the grinding limit. Sericite samples which have been ground for 12 hr were mixed with different salt solutions. Hydrothermal reactions under 220℃ and 23 atmospheres were carried out to perform interlayer ion substitution experiment. The results showed that the sericite which is amorphous after grinding seems to recover its crystallinity by hydrothermal reaction. Form the observation of X-ray diffraction patterns, the reconstruct ion capability of valence-one ions decreases in the order K+, NH4+, Na+, Li+.
The substitution of K+ will substantially be increased if hydrothermal solutions contain valence-one ions and Al3+ simultaneously. The K+/Na+ substitution was the highest, followed by K+/NH4+ and K+/Li+ substitution. The best condition in this resarch is with 5M valence -one ion and 5 M Al3+, under 220℃, 2 hr reaction time. The substitution of K+ by Na+, NH4+ and Li+ are 63.6%, 52.5% and 39.4% respectively. The decrease in K+ and increase in valence-one ions in sericite has been investigated. The amount of K+ substituted was almost equal to Li+ entering the lattice. It shows Li+ replaces the K+ of sericite and transformd it to Li-mica. On the other hand, the amount of Na+ entering the lattice was higner than the K+ substituted. It shows that Na+ not only transforms some sericite to paragonite (sodium mica) but also some pyrophyllite to paragonite. The transformation percentages of sericite and pyrophyllite are 41.1% and 20.1% respectively under the conditions of 5 M Na+, 5 M Al3+, 220℃ and 2 hr reaction.

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