隨著奈米技術的迅速發展，人造奈米物質(ENMs)在工業和商業領域上都具有巨大的潛力。大量的生產和使用奈米物質有可能導致在其產品的生命週期(如：製造、使用、廢棄)中釋放到環境，而去影響到環境中的生物。如若水環境中的奈米物質被底棲生物攝食進入體內並在營養階層轉移，將增加高級掠食者(如：魚類)的飲食暴露風險。
本研究選擇奈米銀(AgNPs)作為實驗材料，並通過對斑馬魚進行奈米銀顆粒和離子態銀的食物暴露，來評估其生物累積性和淨化動力學。在之前的研究中，我們使用酵素消化方法，利用蛋白酶K消化斑馬魚組織，再配合單顆粒式感應耦合電漿質譜儀(spICP-MS)方法即可檢測魚組織中之奈米顆粒累積，且能得知組織內的奈米顆粒質量濃度、顆粒數濃度與粒徑。在我們的添加實驗中，結果表示此方法對奈米銀和銀離子的質量回收率通常大於90％，而顆粒數濃度的回收率則大於95％，且在消化過程中，奈米銀和銀離子並沒有改變(即溶解或形成顆粒)。
再者，我們以經濟合作暨發展組織測試規範No. 305 (OECD TG 305) 作為藍本，對斑馬魚進行生物累積性實驗測試，接著使用上述酵素消化方法配spICP-MS方法去分析和比較魚體內之奈米銀和銀離子濃度與粒徑分佈。結果表示，斑馬魚能夠從食物暴露中，在體內累積奈米銀和銀離子，並且其質量累積濃度幾乎相等；而在28天內的淨化階段，結果表示魚體內累積的奈米銀和銀離子能迅速降低至背景濃度。最後，我們利用實驗數據建立一室毒理動力學模型，計算奈米銀和銀離子的生物放大因子(BMF)皆為0.009，表示為不具生物放大作用。所建立的模型參數，在未來可應用於人造奈米物質的環境宿命模擬或交叉驗證(read-across)，有利於去評估人造奈米物質的潛在風險。

As the technology of nano has evolved and grown rapidly, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are great potential used in both industrial and commercial sectors. The extensive production and utilization of ENMs might inevitably lead to environmental release. The exposure of the surface water, sediments and benthic species may eventually influence the base of food webs.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was chosen as experimental materials. We evaluated the bioaccumulation and depuration kinetics of 35 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ionic Ag (as AgNO3) through the dietary route to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dietary exposure to ionic Ag was used to compare the bioaccumulation behavior of zebrafish to AgNPs. The bioaccumulation in zebrafish was analyzed with enzymatic digestion as the sample pretreatment prior to single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) analysis that allows to quantify mass and number concentrations, as well as the size distribution of the test ENMs in zebrafish tissues simultaneously. The spICP-MS method performance test result indicates that the mass recovery of AgNPs and ionic Ag were generally greater than 90% from spiked tissue samples, while those for the number concentrations were than 95%. There was no alteration (i.e., dissolution or particle formation) of AgNPs and AgNO3 in spiked samples during the enzymatic digestion.
Afterwards, this method was used to analyze zebrafish samples from a bioaccumulation experiment via dietary exposure. The result showed that zebrafish are able to uptake AgNPs and ionic Ag from food, and the dietary bioaccumulation of AgNPs and ionic Ag were almost equal. The depuration result indicates rapid decreases in body burdens to background levels for both ENMs and ionic Ag in 28 days. The bioaccumulated ENM sizes show some decreases with slight AgNPs dissolution. For ionic Ag exposure, particulate Ag signal could be observed, suggesting AgNPs formation in zebrafish.
Finally, we built a single compartment toxicokinetic (TK) model which is based on a mass balance equation and a first order fitting of experiment data. We found out that the AgNPs mass concentration measured by spICP-MS fitted with first order depuration kinetics very well. The bioaccumulation data adequately fit the TK model (R2 = 0.95).

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