稀土是現今各產業不可或缺的重要資源，其開採過程卻對環境造成了極大的威脅。為了因應稀土開採的環境議題與日益枯竭的稀土資源，商業上對於馬達零稀土化/零磁石化之發展需求日漸提高，使繞線式同步馬達重新被人們所關注。然而，傳統繞線式同步馬達運作過程的電刷摩擦，會造成額外損失、磨損、維護等問題，對長期運轉操作產生不利的影響，因此繞線式馬達無刷化成為工程上待解決的議題。
　　常見的諧波無刷勵磁方法需要多組驅動器、複雜繞線拓撲或是非正弦電流注入，使其增加額外驅動器成本或較低定子線圈佔槽率。因此，本文欲探索以單驅動器、常見繞線拓撲實現繞線式馬達無刷化之概念，最終提出一創新無刷繞線式馬達架構，以繞線式馬達為基礎加入游標馬達之運作原理使馬達無刷化，並探討新架構之可行性、馬達特性及限制。

In response to the environmental concerns associated with rare earth mining and the growing depletion of these resources, there has been an escalating demand in the commercial sector for the development of magnet-free technologies in motors. Consequently, the wound field synchronous motor has regained attention. However, the conventional operation of motor, characterized by brush friction, gives rise to additional losses and maintenance issues. Hence, the transformation of this motors into brushless configurations has become an outstanding engineering challenge.
　　Methods for harmonic brushless excitation necessitate multiple sets of drivers, intricate winding topologies, or non-sinusoidal current injection, thereby escalating the cost of additional drivers or reducing the fill factor of stator coil slots. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the concept of achieving brushless transformation in wound field motors using a single driver and common winding topologies. Ultimately, an innovative brushless wound field motor architecture is proposed, incorporating the operational principles of vernier motor into the foundation of wound field motors to achieve brushless capabilities. The feasibility, motor characteristics, and limitations of this novel architecture are thoroughly investigated.

[1]曾台輔，鄭雅文，吳佳樺，產業脈動，全球馬達市場與產業發展趨勢解析，機械淨零碳排技術專輯-機械工業雜誌-機械工業網，Available [Online]https://www.automan.tw/magazine/magazineContent.aspx?id=5688
[2]魯皓平，科技背後的沉痛代價！稀土讓環境陷入死寂，遠見雜誌，Available [Online]https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/42377
[3]薛乃綺，侯貫智，產業評析開發不使用稀土材料的馬達日益重要，金屬中心
[4]S. Sakurai, and T. Suwazono, “EV Traction Wound Field Synchronous Motor,” MEIDEN REVIEW, Series no. 182, no. 2, 2021.
[5]F. Kutt, M. Michna, and G. Kostro, “Non-Salient Brushless Synchronous Generator Main Exciter Design for More Electric Aircraft,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2696, May 2020.
[6]A. Toba, and T. A. Lipo, “Generic torque-maximizing design methodology of surface permanent-magnet vernier machine,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1539-1546, Nov.-Dec. 2000.
[7]Q. Ali, T. A. Lipo, and B. Kwon, “Design and analysis of a novel brushless wound rotor synchronous machine,” in Proceeding of IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), Beijing, China, pp. 1-1, 2015.
[8]S. S. H. Bukhari, G. J. Sirewal, F. A. Chachar, and J.-S. Ro, “Dual-Inverter-Controlled Brushless Operation of Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines Based on an Open-Winding Pattern,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2205, May 2020.
[9]S. S. H. Bukhari, G. J. Sirewal, M. Ayub, and J. S. Ro, “A New Small-Scale Self-Excited Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor Topology,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1-5, Art no. 8200205, Feb. 2021.
[10]S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and S. Khan, “A novel two-layer winding topology for sub-harmonic synchronous machines,” Springer on Electrical Engineering, no. 104, pp 3027–3035, 2022.
[11]C. H. Lee, “Vernier Motor and Its Design,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 82, no. 66, pp. 343-349, June 1963.
[12]A. Ishizaki, T. Tanaka, K. Takasaki, and S. Nishikata, “Theory and optimum design of PM Vernier motor,” in Proceeding of Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, Publ. No. 412, Durham, UK, pp. 208-212, 1995.
[13]Y. Oner, Z. Q. Zhu, and W. Chu, “Comparative Study of Vernier and Interior PM Machines for Automotive Application,” in Proceeding of IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Hangzhou, China, pp. 1-6, 2016.
[14]E. Spooner, and L. Haydock, “Vernier hybrid machines,” IEEE Proc. on Electric Power Applications, vol.150, no. 6, pp. 655-662,7 Nov. 2003.
[15]D. Li, R. Qu, and T. A. Lipo, “High-Power-Factor Vernier Permanent Magnet Machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 3664-3674, Nov.-Dec. 2014.
[16]Y. Kataoka, M. Takayama, Y. Matsushima, and Y. Anazawa, “Comparison of three magnet array-type rotors in surface permanent magnet-type vernier motor,” in Proceeding of 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Sapporo, Japan, pp. 1-6, 2012.
[17]L. Xu, G. Liu, W. Zhao, J. Ji, H. Zhou, W. Zhao, and T. Jiang, “Quantitative comparison of integral and fractional slot permanent magnet vernier motors,” IEEE Transaction Energy Conversion, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1483– 1495, Dec. 2015.
[18]S. L. Ho, S. Niu, and W. N. Fu, “Design and Comparison of Vernier Permanent Magnet Machines,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3280-3283, Oct. 2011.
[19]D. Li, R. Qu, J. Li, and W. Xu, “Consequent-Pole Toroidal-Winding Outer-Rotor Vernier Permanent-Magnet Machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 4470-4481, Nov.-Dec. 2015.
[20]陳桂村，IPMSM擴展區間(MTPA&FW)速度控制模擬分析，勢流科技，2016
[21]徐藝明，永磁游標馬達轉矩諧波分析與優化設計，天津大學電氣自動化與信息工程學院碩士學位論文，2019
[22]T. A. Lipo, Introduction to AC Machine Design, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2017.
[23]K. Atallah, S. D. Calverley, and D. Howe, “High-performance magnetic gears,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 272–276, pp E1727-E1729, 2004.
[24]B. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “Operation and Design Principles of a PM Vernier Motor,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 3656-3663, Nov.-Dec. 2014.
[25]陳念慈，碳化矽功率元件應用於永磁同步馬達驅動器之系統響應分析，國立成功大學電機工程學系，2019
[26]D. C. Hanselman, Brushless permanent magnet motor design, Writers' Collective, 2003
[27]J. Pyrhonen, T. Jokinen, and V. Hrabovcova, Design of Rotating Electrical Machines, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
[28]余軻，永磁游標電機的無位置感測器控制系統研究，東南大學工程學院碩士學位論文，2021
[29]P. C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, and S. D. Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ED, Wiley India Pvt. Limited, 2010.