持續成長中的高畫質多媒體影音與數位內容相關產品驅使業界必須面對實現高資料量無線傳輸的全球市場需求。以目前業界所定出的標準，其資料傳輸率將達到7 Gbps以上。60-GHz 及毫米波頻帶非常適合用來實現超高資料量無線傳輸系統。系統前端電路所需的頻率合成器操作頻帶位於V-band，而工作頻寬將高達7 GHz，這將會大大提升電路設計上的難度。考量系統中訊號源產生電路中的關鍵元件壓控振盪器，其所需要的頻率可調範圍將高達7 GHz；若更進一步考量相位雜訊與頻率可調範圍的權衡性，製程、電壓、溫度變異效應的影響，低相位雜訊寬頻壓控振盪器的實現對電路設計者將是一個極大的挑戰。
本論文首先探討具低相位雜訊之壓控振盪器實現在毫米波頻帶所面對的問題，並同時提出兩種可獲得較低相位雜訊的電路設計方式。一者採用雙推式電路架構配合共平面波導式單圈電感解決0.18-μm製程不易實現於毫米波頻帶並同時可提升電感的品質因素。二者採用駐波振盪器的架構配合錐狀式傳輸線與浮接金屬柵的電感設計以提高共振腔的品質因素，進而有效提高相位雜訊的表現。
為了符合60-GHz毫米波頻帶無線傳輸的系統規格，具低相位雜訊的超寬頻壓控振盪器是頻率轉換上的主要需求。本論文中也提出兩種新型切換電感感值技術用以實現在毫米波壓控振盪器以提供所需的系統要求。第一個技術提出的是一個具有微小化、高品質因素之浮接金屬柵非均勻式差動傳輸線電感並可以藉由電性方式改變電感感值的設計。就此技術所實現一個56-GHz的壓控振盪器，其量測結果除了有低功耗及好的相位雜訊外，可調頻寬也可達2 GHz。所得的效能指標為 -180 dBc/Hz。第二個技術為可切換式人工接地金屬保護環技術，應用此技術可將當前大部分積體電路製程所提供的平面電感架構有效的轉換為“可切換”式電感。此技術不僅具有保護環的效果，同時可以切換平面電感的感值。基於可切換式人工接的保護環技術所設計的切換電感利用90-nm製程製作所得的V-band與W-band壓控振盪器測試元件分別顯示出頻率可調範圍可達到9.43 GHz(17%) 並具有效能指標上具有-188 dBc/Hz的記錄以及17.8 GHz 並具有效能指標上具有-179.5 dBc/Hz的記錄。

Continuing growth of high definition multimedia and digital content has driven the industrial must to face the requirement of the high data rate wireless transmission in global market. According to the standards proposed by the industry, the greatest data transmission rates up to 7 Gbps. A frequency synthesizer with a bandwidth of 7 GHz in the V-band is required. A 60-GHz and millimeter-wave frequency band are very suitable for realizing ultra-high data rate wireless transmission systems. In such systems, VCO is a key component of the local signal generation and it requires a frequency tuning range (FTR) of 7 GHz. For further considering the trade-offs between the phase noise and frequency tuning range, as well as the effect of process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations, it is an extreme challenge to achieve the low phase noise and wide tuning range for a VCO to a circuit designer.
In this dissertation, the related issues are discussed for realizing the low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators in the millimeter-wave regime. Two approaches have been proposed to achieve low phase noise. The first one utilizes the push-push topology together with a high-Q co-planar waveguide (CPW) single-turn inductor to overcome the difficulty of implementation V-band oscillators in a 0.18-μm process. The second approach utilizes the standing wave oscillator topology together with a tapered transmission-line inductor which has floating metal strips to enhance the quality factor. By these ways, a millimeter wave VCO with low phase noise are achievable.
To satisfy the specifications of 60-GHz millimeter-wave wireless communication systems, a low-phase noise VCO with wide frequency tuning range is necessary for frequency conversion. In this dissertation, we also present two kinds of new switchable inductance techniques for realizing the requirement of the millimeter-wave VCOs in 60-GHz systems. The first proposed technique is an innovational design of non-uniform differential transmission-line inductor (Non-UDTL-inductor). By shorting the floating metal strips to the ground or not, the equivalent inductance of the Non-UDTL-inductor is changeable. A 56-GHz VCO, whose tuning range achieves 2 GHz wide, is demonstrated with this technique and the measurement results exhibit good performances of power consumption and phase noise. The calculated figure of merits (FOM) is about -180 dBc/Hz. The second proposed technique is a switchable artificial grounded metal guard ring (SWAG-MGR). By utilizing this technique, most of the planar inductors nowadays in the monolithic integrated circuit can be converted to a “switchable” inductor. This technique not only serves as a guard ring but also switches the inductance value of the planar inductor. A 60-GHz VCO testkey, which has a FTR of 9.43 GHz (17%) and a record FOMT of -188 dBc/Hz, is also successfully demonstrated with a switched inductor based on the proposed SWAG-MGR technique. Meanwhile, a W-band VCO with 17.8 GHz tuning range and a record FOMT of -179.5 dBc/Hz is successfully demonstrated by using this technique.

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