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研究生：	楊行健 Yang, Hsing-Chien
論文名稱：	MPEG-2視訊編碼之場景轉換偵測 Scene-Change Detection for MPEG-2 Video Encoder
指導教授：	戴顯權 S.C.Tai
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2002
畢業學年度：	90
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	58
中文關鍵詞：	視訊編碼、小波轉換、場景偵測
外文關鍵詞：	MPEG, Wavelets, Scene-Change
相關次數：	點閱：60 下載：1
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MPEG-2視訊編碼之場景轉換偵測

楊行健* , 戴顯權**
國立成功大學電機研究所

摘要
近年來，視訊壓縮的技術在許多的應用上扮演著相當重要的角色，例如資料傳輸與資料儲存。MPEG-2標準是為了能提供更好的品質與更具彈性的應用而制定的。雖然MPEG-2視訊編碼標準能提供高品質的視覺效果，但如果有場景轉換發生時整體的編碼效能與視覺效果仍會下降。為了解決這個問題我們視訊編碼器提出一種新的場景轉換偵測機制以避免畫質的低落。我們提出一個以運動補償為基礎的演算法用來量測兩張相鄰畫面的相似性。為了更減低計算量我們使用小波轉換後最低頻的信號去判斷是否有場景轉換。我們的演算法可以避免兩張完全不同畫面卻具有相同特徵時所造成的誤判。實驗結果顯示所提出演算法就畫面品質與錯誤判斷上都具有相當好的效果。我們也發現所提出的演算法和傳統MPEG-2標準在相同的位元速率下畫質大約可以有0.33 dB的提昇。因此這篇論文所提出的演算法可以應用於視訊資料壓縮與視訊資料庫索引等方面。

*作者 **指導教授

Scene-Change Detection for MPEG-2 Video Encoder

Hsing-Chien Yang *, Shen-Chuan Tai**
Department of Electrical Engineering
National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C

Abstract
In recent years, video compression technique plays an important role in many applications such as data transmission and storage. MPEG-2 standard is instituted for better visual quality and more flexible applications. Although the MPEG-2 video standard can provide high quality, the performance will decrease if a scene-change occurs. To solve this problem, we propose a novel scene-change detection scheme for video encoder to prevent visual quality decrease in uncompressed domain. We present a motion-compensation based algorithm to measure the similarity of two adjacent frames. To further reduce the computational load, we use the lowest band of wavelet transform to estimate the occurrence of scene-change. Our algorithm can present false detection when two different images have the same feature. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is indeed superb in term of visual quality and false alarm. Also, we found that the proposed algorithm has the better visual quality than MPEG-2 standard about 0.33 dB at the same bitrate. As a result, this contribution could be applied in the video applications such as database indexing or data compression.

*Author **Advisor

CONTENTS

List of Figures
List of Tables

Chapter 1			Introduction										1
Chapter 2			MPEG-2 Video Coding								3
2.1 I-picture Coding							4
				2.2 P-picture Coding							5
				2.3 B-picture Coding							8
				2.4 Scalable Coding Techniques in MPEG-2			9
 					2.4.1 Spatial Scalability						10
					2.4.2 SNR Scalability						12
					2.4.3 Temporal Scalability					13
					2.4.4 Data Partitioning						14
Chapter 3			Scene-Changes Detection						15
				3.1 Types of Scene-Change						15
				3.2 Abrupt Scene-Change Detection Algorithms		17
					3.2.1 Pixel-Based Methods					18
					3.2.2 Histogram-Based Methods				19
					3.2.3 Edge-Based Methods					20
Chapter 4			Proposed Algorithm								22
				4.1 Influence of Scene-Changes					22
				4.2 Our Proposed Method						23
Chapter 5			Experimental Results and Comparison					31
				5.1 Filter Banks and Motion Estimation				31
				5.2 Video Sequence and Experimental Environment	32
				5.3 Experimental Results						32
Chapter 6 			Conclusions and Future Work							45
Reference             59




List of Figures

                                               Page
Figure 2-1. A typical GOP structure…………………………………………………..4
Figure 2-2. Function block diagram for I-picture coding type………………………..4
Figure 2-3. Function block diagram for P-picture coding type……………………….6
Figure 2-4. Frame-prediction for P-pictures.………………………………………….6
Figure 2-5. Field prediction for P-picture. (a) Prediction of the first filed for P-pictures; (b) Prediction of the second filed for P-pictures when it is the bottom field. (c) Prediction of the second filed for P-pictures when it is the top field………………………………………………………………………...9
Figure 2-6. Function block diagram for B-picture coding type…………………….…8
Figure 2-7. Field-prediction of B field pictures…………………………………….…9
Figure 2-8. Frame-prediction for B-pictures………………………………………….9
Figure 2-9. Function block diagram for video encoder with spatial scalability……...11
Figure 2-10. Function block diagram for video encoder with SNR scalability……...13
Figure 2-11. A temporal scalability structure………………………………………...14
Figure 2-12. An example of data partitioning………………………………………..14
Figure 3-1. Table Tennis 66th frame…………………………………………………..15
Figure 3-2. Table Tennis 67th frame…………………………………………………..15
Figure 3-3. A fad-out example………………………………………………………..16
Figure 3-4. A fad-in example…………………………………………………………16
Figure 3-5. An example of dissolving………………………………………………..17
Figure 3-6. An example of wiping…………………………………………………...17
Figure 3-7. Hierarchical diagram of abrupt scene-change detection…………………18
Figure 4-1. The influence of a scene change: (a) I-frame is a scene-change frame, (b) P-frame is a scene-change frame, (c) B-frame is a scene-change frame, and (d) B-frame is a scene-change frame………………………………24
Figure 4-2. Phase 1: Inter-Frame Similarity Measurement…………………………..25
Figure 4-3. An example of inter-frame similarity measurement. (a),(b),(c) and (d) are input sequences. (e) motion-compensated by (a) and (b). (f) motion-compensated by (b) and (c). (g) motion-compensated by (c) and (d). (g) PSNR vs frame No……………………………………………….29
Figure 4-4. Illustration of a sliding window approach……………………………….29
Figure 4-5. Four different pictures with the same histogram distribution……………30
Figure 5-1. Spatial wavelet decomposition scheme resulting in 7 subbands………...31
Figure 5-2. Inter-frame similarity measurement of test video sequence 1…………...35
Figure 5-3. PSNR performance of test sequence 1 at 5Mbits/s and ±15.5 motion estimation search range both P and B frames…………………………….35
Figure 5-4. PSNR performance of test video sequence 1 at 5Mbits/s and ±63.5 motion estimation search range both P and B frames……………………36
Figure 5-5. Inter-frame similarity measurement of test video sequence 2…………...36
Figure 5-6. PSNR performance of test video sequence 2 at 5Mbits/s and ±15.5 motion estimation search range both P and B frames……………………37
Figure 5-7. PSNR performance of test sequence 2 at 5Mbits/s and ±63.5 motion estimation search range both P and B frames…………………………….37
Figure 5-8. Inter-frame similarity measurement of test video sequence 3…………...38
Figure 5-9. PSNR performance of test video sequence 3 at 5Mbits/s and ±15.5 motion estimation search range both P and B frames……………………38
Figure 5-10. Subband-DOH for test video sequence 1………………………………40
Figure 5-11. Subband-CHI for test video sequence 1………………………………..40
Figure 5-12. CHI for test video sequence 1………………………………………….41
Figure 5-13. Subband-DOH for test video sequence 2………………………………41
Figure 5-14. Subband-CHI for test video sequence 2………………………………..42
Figure 5-15. CHI for test video sequence 2…………………………………………..42
Figure 5-16. Subband-DOH for test video sequence 3………………………………43
Figure 5-17. Subband-CHI for test video sequence 3………………………………..43
Figure 5-18. CHI for test video sequence 3…………………………………………..44


List of Tables

                                               Page
Table 5-1 Composition of test sequence 1………………………………………….33
Table 5-2 Composition of test sequence 2………………………………………….34
Table 5-3 Composition of test sequence 3………………………………………….34
Table 5-4. The performance’s comparison between with and without Scene-Change Detection for test video sequence 1……………………………………..39
Table 5-5. The performance’s comparison between with and without Scene-Change Detection for test video sequence 2……………………………………..39
Table 5-6. The performance’s comparison between with and without Scene-Change Detection for test video sequence 3……………………………………..39
                                    

REFERENCE

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校內：2003-07-09公開
校外：2003-07-09公開

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