This dissertation presents the applications of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and their designed damping controllers to power systems with offshore wind farms (OWFs) for stability enhancement. Four kinds of FACTS are used, i.e. static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static VAR compensator (SVC), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), and series vectorial compensator (SVeC), as well as four kinds of damping controllers are designed such as proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC), hybrid PID plus FLC controller, and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller. A frequency-domain approach based on a linearized system model using eigenvalue analysis is performed while a time-domain scheme based on a nonlinear system model subject to different disturbances is also carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It can be concluded from the simulation results that the proposed four FACTS devices joined with the designed damping controllers have the ability to improve the performance of the studied systems under different operating conditions.

[1] E. Muljadi, T. B. Nguyen, and M. A. Pai, “Impact of wind power plants on voltage and transient stability of power systems,” in Proc. IEEE Energy 2030 Conf., Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Nov. 17-18, 2008, pp. 1-7.
[2] Z. Chen and E. Spooner, “A modular, permanent-magnet generator for variable speed wind turbines,” in Proc. Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, Durham, UK, Sep. 11-13, 1995, pp. 453-457.
[3] F. Wu, X.-P. Zhang, and P. Ju, “Small signal stability analysis and control of the wind turbine with the direct-drive permanent magnet generator integrated to the grid,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 12, pp. 1661-1667, Apr. 2009.
[4] H. Chong, A. Q. Huang, M. E. Baran, S. Bhattacharya, W. Litzenberger, L. Anderson, A. L. Johnson, and A. A. Edris, “STATCOM impact study on the integration of a large wind farm into a weak loop power system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 226-233, Mar. 2008.
[5] T. H. Nguyen and D.-C. Lee, “Advanced fault ride-through technique for PMSG wind turbine systems using line-side converter as STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no.7, pp. 2842-2850, Jul. 2013.
[6] M. J. Hossain, T. K. Saha, N. Mithulananthan, and H. R. Pota, “Control strategies for augmenting LVRT capability of DFIGs in interconnected power systems,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2510-2522, Jun. 2013.
[7] I. Erlich, J. Kretschmann, J. Fortmann, S. Mueller-Englhardt, and H. Wrede, “Modeling of wind turbines based on doubly-fed induction generators for power system stability studies,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 909-919, Aug. 2007.
[8] P. Ledesma and J. Usaola, “Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 388-397, Jun. 2005.
[9] Y. Lei, A. Mullane, G. Lightbody, and R. Yacamini, “Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 257-264, Mar. 2006.
[10] K. E. Okedu, S. M. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, and J. Tamura, “Comparative study of wind farm stabilization using variable speed generator and FACTS device,” in Proc. IEEE GCC Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Feb. 19-22, 2011, pp. 569-572.
[11] R. K. Varma, Y. Semsedini, and S. Auddy, “Mitigation of subsynchronous resonance in a series-compensated wind farm using FACTS controllers,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1645-1654, Jul. 2008.
[12] L. Wang and C.-T. Hsiung, “Dynamic stability improvement of an integrated grid-connected offshore wind farm and marine-current farm using a STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 690-698, May 2011.
[13] Z. Hua, W. Hongfen, Q. Xiaoyan, X. Jian, W. Xiwen, and W. Song, “Improvement of transient voltage stability of the wind farm using SVC and TCSC,” in Proc. Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Wuhan, China, Mar. 25-28, 2011, pp. 1-4.
[14] Y. Chang, Z. Xu, G. Chen, and J. Xie, “A novel SVC supplementary controller based on wide area signals,” in Proc. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Montreal, Canada, Jun. 16-22, 2006, pp. 1-7.
[15] L. Gyugyi, C. D. Schauder, and K. K. Sen, “Static synchronous series compensator: A solid-state approach to series compensation of transmission lines,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 406-417, Jan. 1997.
[16] H. F. Wang, “Design of SSSC damping controller to improve power system oscillation stability,” in Proc. IEEE AFRICON, Cape Town, South Africa, vol. 1, Sep./Nov. 1999, pp. 495-500.
[17] B. S. Rigby, N. S. Chonco, and R. G. Harley, “Analysis of a power oscillation damping scheme using a voltage-source inverter,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1105-1113, Jul./Aug. 2002.
[18] L. A. C. Lopes and G. Joós, “Pulse width modulated capacitor for series compensation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 167-174, Mar. 2001.
[19] G. Venkataramanan and B. K. Johnson, “Pulse width modulated series compensator,” IEE Proc. - Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 71-75, Jan. 2002.
[20] J. M. González, C. A. Cañizares, and J. M. Ramírez, “Stability modeling and comparative study of series vectorial compensators,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1093-1103, Apr. 2010.
[21] A. J. G. Westlake, J. R. Bumby, and E. Spooner, “Damping the power-angle oscillations of a permanent-magnet synchronous generator with particular reference to wind turbine application,” IEE Proc. - Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 269-280, May 1996.
[22] Y. Ch. Chen, P. Pillay, and A. Khan, “PM wind generator topologies,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1619-1626, Nov./Dec. 2005.
[23] B. J. Chalmers, W. Wu, and E. Spooner, “An axial-flux permanent magnet generator for a gearless wind energy system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 251-257, Jun. 1999.
[24] E. Spooner and A. C. Williamson, “Direct coupled, permanent magnet generator for wind turbine applications,” IEE Proc. - Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 1-8, Jan. 1996.
[25] E. Spooner, A. C. Williamson, and G. Catto, “Modular design of permanent-magnet generator for wind turbine,” IEE Proc. - Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 5, pp. 388-395, Sep. 1996.
[26] M. Chinchilla, S. Arnaltes, and J. C. Burgos, “Control of permanent-magnet generator applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to grid,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 130-135, Mar. 2006.
[27] V. Akhmatov, A. H. Nielsen, J. K. Pedersen, and O. Nymann, “Variable-speed wind turbine with multi-pole synchronous permanent magnet generators. Part I: modeling in dynamic simulation tools,” Wind Energy, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 531-548, Dec. 2003.
[28] K. Tan and S. Islam, “Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensor,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 392-399, Jun. 2004.
[29] S. Nishikata and F. Tatsuta, “A new interconnecting method for wind turbine/generators in a wind farm and basic performances of the integrated system,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 468-475, Feb. 2010.
[30] N. P. W. Strachan and D. Jovcic, “Stability of a variable-speed permanent magnet wind generator with weak AC grids,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2779-2788, Oct. 2010.
[31] R. Pena, J. C. Clare, and G. M. Asher, “Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable speed wind-energy generation,” IEE Proc. - Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 231-241, May 1996.
[32] J. B. Ekanayake, L. Holdsworth, X. Wu, and N. Jenkins, “Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 803-809, May. 2003.
[33] P. Ledesma and J. Usaola, “Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 388-397, Jun. 2005.
[34] Y. Lei, A. Mullane, G. Lightbody, and R. Yacamini, “Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 257-264, Mar. 2006.
[35] L. Shi, Z. Xu, J. Hao, and Y. Ni, “Modeling analysis of transient stability simulation with high penetration of grid-connected wind farms of DFIG type,” Wind Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 303-320, Mar. 2007.
[36] I. Erlich, J. Kretschmann, J. Fortmann, S. Mueller-Engelhardt, and H. Wrede, “Modeling of wind turbines based on doubly-fed induction generators for power system stability studies,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 909-919, Aug. 2007.
[37] O. Anaya-Lara, F. M. Hughes, N. Jenkins, and G. Strbac, “Rotor flux magnitude and angle control strategy for doubly fed induction generators,” Wind Energy, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 479-495, Sep./Oct. 2006.
[38] G. Tsourakis, B. M. Nomikos, and C. D. Vournas, “Effect of wind parks with doubly fed asynchronous generators on small-signal stability,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 190-200, Jan. 2009.
[39] G. Tsourakis, B. M. Nomikos, and C. D. Vournas, “Contribution of doubly fed wind generators to oscillation damping,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 783-791, Sep. 2009.
[40] O. Anaya-Lara, A. Arulampalam, G. Bathurst, F. M. Hughes, and N. Jenkins, “Transient analysis of DFIG wind turbines in multi-machine networks,” in Proc. 18th Int. Conf. and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution CIRED, Turin, Italy, Jun. 6-9, 2005, pp. 1-5.
[41] K. E. Okedu, S. M. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, and J. Tamura, “Improvement of fault ride through capability of wind farms using DFIG considering SDBR,” in Proc. 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Aug./Sep. 2011, pp. 1-10.
[42] T. K. A. Brekken and N. Mohan, “Control of doubly fed induction wind generator under unbalanced grid voltage conditions,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 129-135, Mar. 2007.
[43] N. Mohan, T. Undeland, and W. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, New York: Wiley, 2003.
[44] E. Acha, V. G. Agelidis, O. Anaya-Lara, and T. J. E. Miller, Power Electronic Control in Electrical Systems, Oxford, U.K.: Newnes Power Engineering Series, 2002, Ch. 6.
[45] C. Hochgraf and R. H. Lasseter, “STATCOM controls for operation with unbalanced voltages,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 538-544, Apr. 1998.
[46] S. Chen and G. Joos, “Series and shunt active power conditioners for compensating distribution system faults,” in Proc. Canadian Conf. Electrical Computer Engineering, vol. 2, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 13-16, 2000, pp. 1182-1186.
[47] P. S. Sensharma, K. R. Padiyar, and V. Ramanarayanan, “Analysis and performance of distribution STATCOM for compensating voltage fluctuation,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 259-264, Apr. 2001.
[48] C. Schauder and H. Mehta, “Vector analysis and control of advanced static VAR compensators,” IEE Proc.- Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 299-306, Jul. 1993.
[49] S. Yoshihiko, H. Yoshinobu, and T. Hasegawa, “New static VAR control using force-commutated inverters,” IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 100, no. 9, pp. 4216-4224, 1981.
[50] K. Matsuno, I. Iyoda, and Y. Oue, “An experience of FACTS development 1980s and 1990s,” in Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific, Oct. 6-10, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 1378-1381.
[51] C. Schauder, E. Stacey, M. Lund, L. Gyugyi, L. Kovalsky, A. Keri, A. Mehraban, and A. Edris, “AEPUPFC project: installation, commissioning and operation of the ±160 MVA STATCOM (phase I),” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1530-1535, Oct. 1998.
[52] M. H. Baker, B. D. Gemmell, C. Horwill, and D. J. Hanson, “STATCOM helps to guarantee a stable system,” in Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia, Oct./Nov. 2001, pp. 1129-1132.
[53] G. Reed, J. Paserba, T. Croasdaile, M. Takeda, N. Morishima, Y. Hamasaki, L. Thomas, and W. Allard, “STATCOM application at VELCO Essex substation,” in Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia, Oct./Nov. 2001, pp. 1133-1138.
[54] G. Reed, J. Paserba, and T. Croasdaile, “SDG&E Talega STATCOM project-system analysis, design, and configuration,” in Proc. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific, Oct. 6-10, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 1393-1398.
[55] P. W. Lehn and M. R. Iravani, “Experimental evaluation of STATCOM closed loop dynamics,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1378-84, Oct. 1998.
[56] K. R. Padiyar and A. M. Kulkarni, “Design of reactive current and voltage controller of static condenser,” International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 397-410, Aug. 1997.
[57] H. Gaztanaga, I. Etxeberria-Otadui, D. Ocnasu, and S. Bacha, “Real-time analysis of the transient response improvement of fixed-speed wind farms by using a reduced-scale STATCOM prototype,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 658-666, May 2007.
[58] A. Jain, K. Joshi, A. Behal, and N. Mohan, “Voltage regulation with STATCOMs: Modeling, control and results,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 726-735, Apr. 2006.
[59] B. Bla˘zi˘c and I. Papi˘c, “Improved D-STATCOM control for operation with unbalanced currents and voltages,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 225-233, Jan. 2006.
[60] A. H. Norouzi and A. M. Sharaf, “Two control schemes to enhance the dynamic performance of the STATCOM and SSSC,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 435-442, Jan. 2005.
[61] N. Mithulananthan, C. A. Canizares, J. Reeve, and G. J. Rogers, “Comparison of PSS, SVC, and STATCOM controllers for damping power system oscillations,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 786-792, May 2003.
[62] L. Cong and Y. Wang, “Transient stability and voltage regulation enhancement via coordinated control generator excitation and SVC,” International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 121-130, Feb. 2005.
[63] A. Janke, J. Mouatt, R. Sharp, H. Bilodeau, B. Nilsson, M. Halonen, and A. Bostrom, “SVC operation & reliability experiences,” in Proc. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, Jul. 25-29, 2010, pp. 1-8.
[64] A. Janke and J. Mouatt, “Operational experience with SVC’s in Australia,” in Proc. CIGRE 2008 Section , Paris, France, Aug. 24-29, 2008.
[65] Z. Junjie, Y. Zhongdong, X. Xiangning, and D. Yajing, “Enhancement voltage stability of wind farm access to power grid by novel SVC,” in Proc. 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Xian, China, May 25-27, 2009, pp. 2262-2266.
[66] Z. Yu, Z. Jianhua, and Z. Aiguo, “A novel topology structure of SVC based on energy saving for unbalanced three phase compensation in low voltage power system,” in Proc. IEEE Region 10 TENCON Conference, Singapore, Jan. 23-26, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[67] P. Vuorenpaa and P. Jarventausta, “Enhancing the grid compliance of wind farms by means of hybrid SVC,” in Proc. IEEE Power Tech, Trondheim, Norway, Jun. 19-23, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[68] R. K. Varma, S. Auddy, and Y. Semsedini, “Mitigation of subsynchronous resonance in a series-compensated wind farm using FACTS controllers,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1645-1654, Jul. 2008.
[69] L. Wang, “A comparative study of damping schemes on damping generator oscillations,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 613-619, May 1993.
[70] L. Wang and M.-H. Tsai, “Design of a static VAr controller for the damping of generator oscillations,” in Proc. International Conference on Power System Technology, Beijing, China, Aug. 18-21, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 785-789
[71] H. A. Yousef, M. A. Wahba, and B. Bouchiba, “Indirect adaptive fuzzy coordinated excitation and SVC control for multi-machine power system,” in Proc. International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems, Cairo, Egypt, Nov. 5-7, 2006, pp. 39-44.
[72] A. Jalilvand and M. D. Keshavarzi, “Adaptive SVC damping controller design, using residue method in a multi-machine system,” in Proc. 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Thailand, May 6-9, 2009, pp. 160-163.
[73] P. Vuorenpaa and P. Jarventausta, “Enhancing the grid compliance of wind farms by means of hybrid SVC,” in Proc. IEEE PowerTech, Trondheim, Norway, Jun. 19-23, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[74] Y. H. Song and A. T. Johns, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), The Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1999.
[75] N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
[76] L. Gyugyi, “Dynamic compensation of AC transmission line by solid state synchronous voltage sources,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 904-911, Apr. 1994.
[77] M. S. Castro, H. M. Ayres, V. F. da Costa, and L. C. P. da Silva, “Impacts of the SSSC control modes on small-signal and transient stability of a power system,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Jan. 2007.
[78] W. Qiao, G. K. Venayagamoorthy, and R. G. Harley, “Missing-sensor-fault-tolerant control for SSSC FACTS device with real-time implementation,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 740-750, Apr. 2009.
[79] K. K. Sen, “SSSC - Static synchronous series compensator: Theory, modeling, and applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 241-245, Jan. 1998.
[80] L. S. Kumar and A. Ghosh, “Modeling and control design of a static synchronous series compensator,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1448-1453, Oct. 1999.
[81] S. M. Sadeghzadeh, M. Ehsan, N. H. Said, and R. Feuillet, “Improvement of transient stability limit in power system transmission lines using fuzzy control of FACTS devices,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 917-922, Aug. 1998.
[82] K. Duangkamol, Y. Mitani, K. Tsuji, and M. Hojo, “Fault current limiting and power system stabilization by static synchronous series compensator,” in Proc. International Conference on Power System Technology, Sydney, Australia, vol. 3, Dec. 4-7, 2000, pp. 1581-1586.
[83] P. Kumkratug and M. H. Haque, “Improvement of stability region and damping of a power system by using SSSC,” in Proc. IEEE General Meeting on Power Engineering Society, Toronto, Canada, vol. 3, Jul. 13-17, 2003, pp. 1710-1714.
[84] G. Radman and R. S. Raje, “Dynamic model for power system with multiple FACTS controllers,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 361-371, Mar. 2008.
[85] J. Guo, M. L. Crow, and J. Sarangapani, “An improved UPFC control for oscillation damping,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 288-296, Feb. 2009.
[86] A. Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Shahidehpour, and R. Feuillet, “UPFC for enhancing power system reliability,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2881-2890, Oct. 2010.
[87] G. Venkataramanan and B. K. Johnson, “Pulse width modulated series compensator,” IEE Proc. - Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 71-75, Jan. 2002.
[88] L. A. C. Lopes and G. Joos, “Pulse width modulated capacitor for series compensation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 167-174, Mar. 2001.
[89] G. Venkataramanan, “Three-phase vector switching converters for power flow control,” IEE Proc. - Electric Power Applications, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 321-333, May 2004.
[90] F. Mancilla-David and G. Venkataramanan, “A pulse width modulated AC link unified power flow controller,” in Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, Jun. 12-16, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1314-1321.
[91] G. Venkataramanan, B. K. Johnson, and A. Sundaram, “An AC-AC power converter for custom power applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1666-1671, Jun. 1996.
[92] B. K. Johnson and G. Venkataramanan, “A hybrid solid-state phase shifter using PWM AC-AC converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1316-1321, Oct. 1998.
[93] K. A. Padiyar, FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution, New Delhi: New Age, 2007.
[94] N. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS - Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press/Wiley, 2000.
[95] K. R. Padiyar and N. Prabhu, “Design and performance evaluation of subsynchronous damping controller with STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1398-1405, Jul. 2006.
[96] M. Molinas, J. A. Suul, and T. Undeland, “Low voltage ride through of wind farms with cage generators: STATCOM versus SVC,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1104-1117, May 2008.
[97] F. Milano, Power System Modeling and Scripting, London: Springer, 1st Edition, 2010.
[98] S. Panda, N. P. Padhy, and R. N. Patel, “Power-system stability improvement by PSO optimized SSSC-based damping controller,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 468-490, Apr. 2008.
[99] A. C. Pradhan and P. W. Lehn, “Frequency-domain analysis of the static synchronous series compensator,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 440-449, Jan. 2006.
[100] G. N. Pillai, A. Ghosh, and A. Joshi, “Torsional oscillation studies in an SSSC compensated power system,” Electric Power System Research, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 57-64, Jul. 2000.
[101] S. M. Muyeen, M. H. Ali, R. Takahashi, T. Murata, J. Tamura, Y. Tomaki, A. Sakahara, and E. Sasano, “Transient stability analysis of wind generator system with the consideration of multi-mass shaft model,” in Proc. International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, Dublin, Irland, vol. 1, 16-18 Jan. 2006, pp. 511-516.
[102] P. M. Anderson and A. Bose, “Stability simulation of wind turbine system,” IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 102, no. 12, pp. 3791-3795, Dec. 1983.
[103] B. C. Pal and F. Mei, “Modeling adequacy of the doubly fed induction generator for small-signal stability studies in power systems,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 181-190, Sep. 2008.
[104] D. Saidani, O. Hasnaoui, and R. Dhifaoui, “Control of double fed induction generator for wind conversion system,” Int. Journal Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control & Computer Engineering, IJ-STA, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 710-721, Dec. 2008.
[105] N. Hatziargyriou, “Modeling new forms of generation and storage,” CIGRE Technical Brochure, TF 38.01.10, Nov. 2000.
[106] P. C. Krause, Analysis of Electric Machinery, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987.
[107] L. Wang and C.-N. Li, “Dynamic stability analysis of a tidal power generation system connected to an onshore distribution system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1191-1197, Dec. 2011.
[108] J. G. Slootweg, H. Polinder, and W. L. Kling, “Dynamic modeling of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator,” in Proc. IEEE PES Summer Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, vol. 1, Jul. 15-19, 2001, pp. 644-649.
[109] J. B. Ekanayake, L. Holdsworth, and N. Jenkins, “Comparison of 5th order and 3rd order machine models for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 207-215, Dec. 2003.
[110] J. Arbi, M. J.-B. Ghorbal, I. Slama-Belkhodja, and L. Charaabi, “Direct virtual torque control for doubly fed induction generator grid connection,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 4163-4173, Oct. 2009.
[111] G. Iwanski and W. Koczara, “DFIG-based power generation system with UPS function for variable-speed applications,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 3047-3054, Aug. 2008.
[112] A. Luna, F. K. de Araujo Lima, D. Santos, P. Rodriguez, E. H. Watanabe, and S. Arnaltes, “Simplified modeling of a DFIG for transient studies in wind power applications,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 9-20, Jan. 2011.
[113] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[114] X. Xu, R. M. Mathur, J. Jiang, G. J. Rogers, and P. Kundur, “Modeling of generators and their controls in power system simulations using singular perturbations,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 109-114, Feb. 1998.
[115] IEEE, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies, IEEE Standard 421.5-2005, Dec. 2005.
[116] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1977.
[117] L. Wang, S.-S. Chen, W.-J. Lee, and Z. Chen, “Dynamic stability enhancement and power flow control of a hybrid wind and marine-current farm using SMES,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 626-639, Sep. 2009.
[118] C. C. Lee, “Fuzzy logic in control system: Fuzzy logic controller, Part II,” IEEE Trans. System, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 404-435, Mar./Apr. 1990.
[119] M. N. Uddin and R. S. Rebeiro, “Improved dynamic and steady state performance of a hybrid speed controller based IPMSM drive,” in Proc. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, Oct. 9-13, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[120] M. N. Eskander and S. I. Amer, “Mitigation of voltage dips and swells in grid-connected wind energy conversion systems,” in Proc. ICCAS-SICE, Fukuoka, Japan, Aug. 18-21, 2009, pp. 885-890.
[121] L. O. Mak, Y. X. Ni, and C. M. Shen, “STATCOM with fuzzy controllers for interconnected power systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 87-95, Aug. 2000.
[122] I. Mansour, D. O. Abdeslam, P. Wira, and J. Merckle, “Fuzzy logic control of a SVC to improve the transient stability of ac power systems,” in Proc. 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, Porto, Portugal, Nov. 3-5, 2009, pp. 3240-3245.
[123] J.-S. R. Jang, “ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system,” IEEE Trans. Systems Man and Cybernetics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 665-685, May/Jun. 1993.
[124] S. R. Khuntia and S. Panda, “ANFIS approach for TCSC-based controller design for power system stability improvement,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICCCCT), Tamilnadu, India, Oct. 7-9, 2010, pp. 149-150.
[125] L. Wang and J.-H. Liu, “Dynamic analysis of a grid-connected marine-current power generation system connected to a distribution system,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1798-1805, Nov. 2010.