隨著知識經濟時代的來臨，研發創新等無形資產儼然成為企業競爭優勢的來源，在研發能力普遍不足的工具機產業更為重要。而知識及技術已經漸漸被視為一種策略性的資產以及創造競爭優勢的主要來源，由於企業必須以技術創新開發具有特色的產品與服務在市場上創造利潤，而成功的技術創新又需要奠基於良好的知識資源基礎。所以本研究將探討工具機產業是否因知識管理的關係使得技術創新的提昇，並且產生對於新產品開發績效的影響。
整個研究以工具機產業為調查對象，而獲得的數值資料先以因素和信度分析，再以Person相關分析與迴歸分析來驗證其相關性及各構面之影響的顯著性，最後加入社經變數並以變異數分析來看看是否不同的公司特性及個人屬性對於知識管理、技術創新與新開發績效是否產生明顯的差異影響。
經由實證整個統計數據的結果可以發現：1.知識管理對技術創新有顯著正向的影響；2.知識管理對新產品開發績效有顯著正向的影響；3技術創新對新產品開發績效有顯著正向的影響。而且在社經變項的差異性分析部份：會因不同公司的規模(資本額)及公司研發人數之多寡在各分項構面上也有顯著性差異，顯示公司在一定規模下，相對的研發人數也會跟著增加，所以在知識管理的推行實施上，或是在技術創新及新產品開發績效上，都來得比研發人數較少的公司更具有績效。

With the coming of the era of knowledge economy, research and innovation, the intangible assets, have mostly become the key source of enterprise's competitive advantage; this is especially important to the machine tool industry which generally lacks for research and development capabilities. Knowledge and technology have been gradually considered as a kind of strategic asset and the main source of creating competitive advantages. The reason is that enterprise develops distinct products and service with its innovative technology to create profits from markets, and successful technology innovation has to rely on the solid knowledge foundation. This research intends to investigate whether knowledge management could enhance technology innovation and how it affects the performance of new product development in machine tool industry.
The study objectives are targeted at machine tool industry. The questionnaire data was firstly analyzed by factor analysis and reliability analysis. Person analysis and regression analysis were used in the research to verify the cause and result relationship among knowledge management, technology innovation and new product development performance. Finally ANOVA analysis was used to exam whether the differences of companies and individuals would have obvious sensitivities to various factors.
According to statistical analysis, several conclusions are summarized as below:
1.Knowledge management has positive influence on technology innovation.
2.Knowledge management has positive influence on new product development performance.
3.Technology innovation has positive influence on new product development performance.
In addition, the differences among company scale and the numbers of R&D employees will affect the performance of knowledge management, technology innovation and new product development performance.

一、中文文獻
1.Cooper, R. G.，(2000)，巫宗融譯，「新產品完全開發手冊」，遠流。
2.Peter & Donnelly(2001)，劉慶洲、李豐義譯，「行銷管理」，前程企業出版，台北。
3.Peter F. Drucker 等原著(1990)，張玉文譯，「知識管理」，台北：天下遠見出版公司。
4.Michael E. Potter(1990)，李明軒、秋如美譯，「國家競爭優勢」，天下文化出版社。
5.尹啟銘(1989)，「產品創新自由度、企業策略與技術政策之關係–台灣資訊電子業實證研究」，政治大學企研所未出版之博士論文。
6.甘路明、潘惠、劉景江等(2003)，「企業技術知識管理研究」，科學研究，頁201-204。
7.吳思華(1998)，「知識流通對產業創新的影響」，第七屆產業管理研討會，國立政治大學科技管理研究所主辦。
8.吳清山(2001)，「知識管理與學校效能」，台北市立師範學院學報，頁1-15。
9.林秋輝(1999)，「優勢商品開發過程團隊運用類型之探討–台灣機械企業的實證研究」，東海大學工業工程研究所碩士論文。
10.周永紅、張子剛、劉開軍(2004)，「知識管理對企業技術創新過程的能動機理研究」，研究與發展管理，16(6)，頁15-22。
11.周彥宏(2003)，技術創新績效指標之建立，南台科技大學企業管理所碩士論文。
12.洪文琪(2001)，「地理群聚內廠商之網絡關係對其競爭力影響之研究-彰化和美地區紡織」，碩士論文，朝陽科技大學企業管理研究所。
13.洪德芳(1993)，「高科技產業技術策略與行銷策略配合對新產品發展績效關係影響之研究」，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
14.陳志忠、張淑昭、王素玲(2006)，「影響技術創新策略與創新績效之研究」，朝陽商管評論，5(2)，頁21-52。
15.陳泰明(1997)，「產品設計與大量客製化」，科技研發管理新知交流通訊，(16)，頁41-45。
16.陳鐵元(1999)，「工具機工業全球競爭力發展願景與策略」，第四屆全國工業發展會議。
17.翁明祥(1989)，「技術創新政策與事業經營策略的配合對技術創新績效之影響–台灣合成樹脂業實證研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。
18.郭斌、劉鵬、湯佐群(2004)，「新產品開發過程中的知識管理，研究與發展管理」，16(5)，頁58-64。
19.莊立民(2002)，「組織創新模式建構與實證之研究－以台灣資訊電子業為例」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
20.康淵(2003)，「工具機的發展與困境」，中原大學演講稿。
21.許慶瑞(2000)，「研究、發展與技術創新管理」，北京:高等教育出版社。
22.蔡明田、莊立民、劉春初（2002），「組織創新衡量之研究」，產業論壇，3（2）， 頁63-72。
23.蔡明介(2002)，「競爭力的探求–IC設計、高科技產業實戰策略與觀察」，台北：財訊出版社。
24.蔡啟通（1997），「組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係」，台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
25.劉文卿、邵敏華(1997)，「建構開放式之企業知識管理系統」，資訊管理學報，5(2)，頁25-52。
26.劉仁傑(2007)，「雙波峯的成長典範–機械產業成長的引擎」，中衛報告，頁52-58。
27.劉美慧(1999)，「新產品發展各階段跨部門互動類型之研究」，中央大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
28.劉常勇(1997)，「技術資源管理能力對新產品開發影響之研究」，國科會專題計畫報告。
29.劉常勇、劉賓陽、傅清富等(2002)，「知識管理能力對新產品開發績效之影響」，中山大學學報， 42(5)，頁119-127。
30.劉嘉偉(2002)，「新產品發展活動中行銷與工業設計部門互動程度與績效之相關性研究」，政治大學科技管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
31.賴士葆(1990)，「影響企業產品創新績效內部關鍵因素」，管理新思潮，台北：管拓文化事業公司，頁83-108。
32.賴士葆(1990)，「技術創新特性與新產品發展績效相關之研究」，管理評論，頁102-114。
33.戴志強(2003)，「台灣工具機製造業在競爭力看法之研究-以中部相關產業為例」，朝陽科技大學工業工程研究所碩士論文。
34.魏永篤(1999)，「知識世紀與終身學習之未來趨勢」，知識世紀與終身學習研討會，台北：經濟部中小企業處。
35.羅政洲(2004)，「協同產品商務導入績效之研究」，朝陽科技大學企業管理管理碩士論文。
36.譚大純、劉廷揚、蔡明洲(1999)，「知識管理文獻之回顧與分類」，中華民國科技研討會論文集。
網站部份
1.工研院機械所，http://www.mirl.itri.org.tw/。
2.台灣區機器工業同業工會，http://www.tami.org.tw/。
3.財團法人工具機發展基金會，http://www.tmtf.org.tw/。
4.劉常勇(2000)，「知識管理」，http://www.cme.org.tw/know/。
5.Gardner Publications, Inc.，http://www.gardnerweb.com/。
二、英文文獻
1.Abermathy, W. and Utterback, J. M., (1978), “Patterns of Industrial Innovation,” Technology Review, pp. 41-48.
2.Afuah, A., (1998), “Innovation Management: Strategies, Implementation, and Profits,” NY: Oxford University Press.
3.Anderson, J. C. and Gerbing, D. W., (1988), “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach, Psychological Bulletin,” Vol.103, No.3, pp.411-423.
4.Badaracco, J. L., (1991), The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete Through Strategic Alliances, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press.
5.Beckett, A. J., Wainwright, C. E. R., & Bance, D., (2000), “Knowledge Management: Strategy or Software?” Management Decision, 38(9), pp.601-606.
6.Bettis, R. & Hitt, M., (1995), “The New Competitive Landscape, Strategic Management Journal,” 11, pp.7-19.
7.Betz, F., (1993), Strategic Technology Management, America: McGraw Hill Inc.
8.Bhatt G. D., (2000), “Organizing Knowledge in the Knowledge Development Cycle. Journal of Knowledge Management,” 4(1), pp.15-26.
9.Bitondo, D. and Frohman, A., (1981), “Linking Technological and Business Planning,” Research Management, pp.21.
10.Bonora, E. A. & Revang, O., (1991), “A Strategic Framework for Analying Professional Service Firms-Development Strategies for Sustained Performance,” Strategic Management Society Interorganizational Conference, Toronto, Canada.
11.Booz, Allen and Hamilton, (1982), New Products Management for the 1980’s, NY: Booz, Allen and Hamilton Inc.
12.Brown, R., (1992), “Managing the “S” Curves of Innovation,” The Journal of Consumer Marketing, pp.61-72.
13.Burgelman, R. A., Kosnik T. J. and Poel, M., (1988), “Toward an Innovative Capabilities Audit Framework,” in Burgelman & Maidique, (eds.), Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, Irwin, pp.31-44.
14.Burgelman, R. A., Christensen, C. M., and Wheelwright, S. C., (2004), Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill.
15.Carrillo, J. E.; Gaimon, C., (2004), “Managing Knowledge-Based Resource Capabilities Under Uncertainty,” Management Science, 50(11), pp.1504-1518.
16.Cooper. R.G., and Kleinschmidt, E.J., (1995), “Benchmarking The Firm's Critical Success Factors in New Product Development,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.12, pp.374-391.
17.Cooper, R.G. and Kleinschmidt, E.J., (1996), “Winning Businesses in Product Development-The Critical Success Factors,” Research Technology Management, pp.18-29.
18.Crawford, C.M., (1994), New Products Management, 4th Editions, Irwin.
19.Crawford, M. & Benedetto, D., (2003), “Appendices A-E in New Products Management,” ed. Crawford, M. & Benedetto, D London, McGraw-Hill, pp.517-546.
20.Christensen, C. M., (1997), “The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fall,” Harvard Business School Press.
21.Damanpour, F.; Evan, W. M., (1984), “Organizational Innovation & Performance: The Problem of Organizational Lag,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, pp.392-409.
22.Davenport, T.H., Jarvenpaa, S.L. (1996),”Improving Knowledge Work Processes,” Sloan Management Review, 37(4), pp.53-66.
23.Demarest, M., (1997), “Understanding Knowledge Management,” Long Range Planning, 30(3), pp.317-472.
24.Driva, Pawar,& Menon, (2000), “Measuring Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Organizations,” International Journal of Production Economics,Vol.63, pp.147.
25.Drucker, P. F., (1974), Management: Tasks Responsibility Practice, Harper & Row, New York.
26.Drucker, Peter F., (1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles, London: Heinemann.
27.Drucker, Peter F., (1993) Post-Capitalist Society. NY: Harper Business, 5. Andrew, H. G.
28.Frankle, E.G. (1990), Management of Technology Change, Kluwer Academic.
29.Freeman, C., (1982), The Economics of Industrial Innovation, MA: Cambridge, MIT Press.
30.Gilbert, M. & Gordey-Hayes, M., (1996), “Understanding the Process of Knowledge Transfer to Achieve Successful Technological Innovation.” Technovation, 16(6), pp.365-385.
31.Grant, R. M., (1996), “Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm.” Strategic Anagement Journal, 17(4), pp.109-122.
32.Gruner, K.E. and Homburg, C., (2000), “Does Customer Interaction Enhance New Product Success?” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 49, No.1, pp.1-14.
33.Guan, J. C., Yam R. C. M., Mok, C. K. and Ma, N., (2006), “A Study of the Relationship Between Competitiveness and Technological Innovation Capability based on DEA Models,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.170, No.1, pp.971-986.
34.Hafeez, K., Zhang, Y. B. and Malak, N., (2002), “Core Competence for Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Structured Methodology for Identifying Core Competence,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol.49, No.1, pp.28-35.
35.Hedlund, G., (1994), “A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-form Corporation.” Strategic Management Journal, 15, pp.73-90.
36.Helleloid, D. & Simonin, S., (1994), “Organizational Learning and A Firm’s Core Competence.” Competence-base Competition. New York：John Wiley and Sons, pp.213-239.
37.Hill, Charles. W.L. and Jones, G.R., (1998), “Strategic Management Theory: A Integrated Approach, 4th ed.,” Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp.7.
38.Holt, K., (1988), “The Role of the User in Product Innovation,” Tech-innovation, Vol.12, pp.53-56.
39.Huang, X., Geoffrey, N. S. and Brown, A., (2004), “Measuring New Product Success: an Empirical Investigation of Australian SMEs,” Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.33, No.2, pp.117-123.
40.Hussey, D.E., (1997), “The Innovation Challenge”, In John-Wiley & Sons Eds, pp.216-218.
41.Iansiti, M. and Clark, K.B., (1994), “Integration and Dynamics Capability: Evidence from Product Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, pp.557-605.
42.Itami, H.R., (1987), Mobilizing Invisible Assets, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
43.Kleinschmidt, E. J., and Cooper, R. G., (1991), “The Impact of Product Innovativeness on Performance,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.9, pp.240-251.
44.Koskinen K U., (2000), “Tacit Knowledge as a Promoter of Project Success,” European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 6, pp.41-47.
45.Koskinen KU , et al., (2003), “Tacit Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing in A Project Work Context,” International Journal of Project Management, 21, pp.281-290.
46.Kuniyoshi, Child, Tadao Kagono,(1988) Innovation and the Japanese Management System, Berlin：Walter de Gruyter and Co.
47.Laurie J., (1997), Harnessing the Power of Intellectual Capital. Training & Development.
48.Kotler, P., (1994), Marketing Management, 8th, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
49.Larson, E. W. and Gobelio, D. H., (1988), “Organizing for Product Development Projects,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 5, pp.180-190.
50.Leenders, M.A.A.M., and Wierenga, B., (2002), “The Effectiveness of Different Mechanisms for Integrating Marketing and R&D,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, pp.305–317.
51.Leenders, R. T.A .J., van Engelen, J. M. L and Kratzer, J., (2003), “Virtuality, Communication, and New Product Team Creativity: A Social Network Perspective,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Mangement, Vol. 20, No.1-2, pp. 69-92.
52.Leonard-Barton, D., Gore C. & Core R., (1992), “A Paradox in Managing New Product Development.” Strategic Management Journal, 13, pp.111-125.
53.Liebowitz, J., (2000), “Building Organizational Intelligence: A Knowledge Management Primer,” London: CRC Press.
54.Madhavan, R. and R. Grover, (1998), “From Embedded Knowledge to Embodied Knowledge: New Product Development as Knowledge Management.” Journal of Marketing, Oct, pp.1-12.
55.Millar J., Demaid A. & Quintas P., (1997), “Trans-Organizational Innovation: A Framework for Research.” Technology Analysis of Strategic Management, 9(4): 399-418.
56.Mohrman S A , et al., (2003), “An Empirical Model of The Organization Knowledge System in New Product Development Firms,” Journal of Engineering and technology Management, 20, pp.7-38.
57.Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H., (1995), “The Knowledge-Creating Company,” New York: Oxford University Press.
58.O’Dell, C. and Grayson, C.J., (1998), “If Only We Knew What We Know: Identification and Transfer of Internal Best Practices,” California Management Review, 40(3), pp.154-173.
59.OECD, (1997), OSOL MANUAL: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activity.
60.Oliver, N., Dostaler, I. and Dewberry, E., (2004), “New Product Development Benchmarks: The Japanese, North American, and UK Consumer Electronics Industries,” The Journal of High Technology Management, Vol.23, No.1, pp.371-388.
61.Olson. Eric M., Orville C. Walker, and Roben W. Ruekert, (1995), “Organizing for New Product Development: The Moderating Role of Product Innovativeness,” Journal of Marketing, 59, 48-62.
62.Petroni, A. and Panciroli, B., (2002), “Innovation as A Determinant of Suppliers’ Roles and Performances: an Empirical Study in The Food Machinery Industry,” European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, Vol.8, pp.135–149.
63.Polanyi, M., (1966), The Tacit Dimension, Doubleday Anchor, Garden City, NY.
64.Porter, M. E., (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: Free Press.
65.Robert, S. and David, P., (2004), Strategy Maps: Converting Intangible Assets Into Tangible Outcomes, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
66.Roberts, E. B. and Berry, C. A., (1985), “Entering New Business: Selecting Strategies for Success,” Sloan Management Review, pp.3-17.
67.Rochford L. and W. Rudelius, (1997), “New Product Development Process”, Industrial Marketing Management, 26(1), 67-84.
68.Sbragia, R., (1984), “Clarity of Manager Roles and Performance of R&D Multidisciplinary Projects in Matrix Structures,” R&D Management, 14, pp.113-126.
69.Schumpter, J. A. (1932), “The Theory of Economic Development,” Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
70.Schumpeter, J.A., (1950), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 3d ed. Harper, NY.
71.Song, X.M. and Parry, M.E., (1997), “A cross-National Comparative Study of New Product Development Processes: Japan and the United States”, Journal of Marketing, pp.1–18.
72.Song﹐M. and Montoya-Weiss﹐M.M., (2001), “The Effects of Perceived Tech- nological Uncertainty on Japanese New Product Development,” Academy of Management Journal﹐Vol.44, No.1﹐pp.61-80.
73.Souder, W. E., (1987), “Managing New Product Innovations,” Lexington Mass., pp.83-98.
74.Souder, W.E. and Song X. M., (1988),“Analysis of U.S. and Japanese Management Process Associated with New Product Success and Failure in High and Low Familiarity Market,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, pp.15.
75.Souitaris, V., (2002), “Firm-Specific Competencies Determining Technological Innovation: A Survey in Greece,” R&D Management, Vol. 32, pp. 61-77.
76.Strambach, S.(2002), “Germany: Knowledge-intensive Services in a Core Industrial Economy”, in P. Wood(Ed.) Consultancy and Innovation: The Business Services Resolution in Europe, London: Routledge, pp.124-151.
77.Sun, H. and Wing,W. C., (2005), “Critical Success Factors for New Product Development in the Hong Kong Toy Industry,” Technovation, Vol. 25, No.3, pp. 293-303.
78.Teece, D. J., (1986), “Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration,” Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy, Research Policy, Vol.15., pp.285-305.
79.Thomas, R. J., (1993), New Product Development, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
80.Tuominen, M., Piippo, P., Ichimura, T., & Matsumoto, Y., (1999), “An Analysis of Innovation Management Systems’ Characteristics.” International Journal of Production Economics, 60, 135-143.
81.Twiss B C., (1986), Managing Technological Innovation, New York: Pitman, 1986.
82.Verona G., (1999), “A Resource-Based View of Product Development,” The Academy of Management Review, Vol.24, pp.133.
83.Walsh, S. and Linton, J. D., (2002), “The Measurement of Technical Competencies,” Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol.13, No.1, pp.63-86.
84.Watkins, K. E., Ellinger, A. D., & Valentine, T.,(1999) “Understanding support for innovation in a large-scale change effort: The manager-as-instructor approach.” Human Resource Development Quarterly, 10(1), pp.63-79.
85.Wiig, K. M., (1995), Knowledge Management Methods: Practical Approaches to Managing Knowledge, Arlington, TX.
86.Wolfe, R. A., (1994), “Organizational Innovation: Review, Critique and Suggested Research Directions,” Journal of Management Studies, 31 (3), pp.405-430.
87.Yam, R. M., Guan J. C., Pun, K. F. and Tang, E. P. Y., (2004), “An Audit of Technological Innovation Capabilities in Chinese Firms: Some Empirical Finding in Beijing, China,” Research Policy, Vol.33, No.2, pp.1123-1140.
88.Yap, C. M. and Souder, W. E., (1994), “Factors Influencing New Product Success and Failure in Small Entrepreneurial High-Technology Electronics Firms,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.11, pp.418-432.
89.Zahra, S. A., R. S. Sisodia, and S. R. Das, (1994), “Technological Choices Within Competitive Strategy Types: A Conceptual Integration,” International Journal of Technology Management, 9, pp.172-195.