現行的網路裡，光通訊的進步促使骨幹網路與都會型網路的基礎架構普遍地使用光通訊系統，光網路龐大的頻寬滿足現行應用程式對網路的需求，一個新穎IEEE 802.17彈性封包環都會型光網路提供有效的封包傳輸與通訊可靠度，然而它內部運作的公平機制卻可能導致現行傳輸控制協定流量的效能低落，在這篇博士論文中我們利用分析模型去研究現行傳輸控制協定流量如何受彈性封包環網路內公平機制的影響，並且發展出兩種機制去改善傳輸控制層流量的效能。一種是設計緩衝區去容納突然的流量，另一種則是設計一個健全的主動式佇列管理機制。我們發現第一種方法在彈性封包環網路下會因各種網路情形而需不同的緩衝區大小，另一種方法會有比較好的效能表現。而且我們進一步研究發現佇列管理機制內的參數若不能隨網路環境改變則會使傳輸控制協定流量效能變差，因此我們提出一個隨彈性封包環網路傳回訊號變動之新穎的佇列管理機制，因為每個彈性封包環網路下的網路節點都會傳現在網路可用頻寬通知上游的網路節點，所以佇列管理機制加入此一訊息將可以使佇列內封包數呈現平穩，透過一些模擬演練各種網路場景，第二種新穎的佇列管理機制確實有比較好的表現。
　　此外我們也嘗試在彈性環網路下設計一個快速收歛的公平機制，在這個機制下每個網路節點都可以快速地利用估計出之未約束流量數目去計算公平速率，而且可以避免發生於彈性封包環網路公平機制下流量不穩定的震盪。我們的機制不需要記憶任何的資料就進行估計所以既簡單又具擴充性，利用模擬也證實我們的公平演算法確實比彈性封包環網路與之前前人所發展的DVSR有相近的效能表現。
　　之後我們進行有關於彈性封包環光網路下的群播流量的效能研究，發現現行光網路由於技術限制無法提高光波通道使用率，導致光通訊成本提高，為解決這些問題許多研究一直在進行中，我們發現以電路交換為基礎的網路在最近將是主流，並且根據此一技術發展我們的光通訊網路，此一網路可以有效地支援單一或群播流量，並有效地增加光波通道的使用效率，我們在這篇博士論文內也對此一網路進行分析發現確實有很好的效能表現，最後我們將研究觸角延伸到一般網路上的多點對多點傳輸公平性的研究，傳輸控制層的流量無法保證各種網路流量的公平性，我們發展我們的演算法去滿足各種網路公平參數，此一演算法是利用ABR的回傳機制將現行網路分配之公平速率給每個發送端，而這公平速率是利用每個路由器上估計主動式或被約束的流量的權重去計算出現行網路通過各路由器之公平速率，我們所建議分散式網路可以達到多點對多點網路公平性定義。

Nowadays, the advance of optical communication dominates the deployment of backbone and metropolitan area networks. Great bandwidth of the optical networks meets the increasing demand of current applications. Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), a novel IEEE 802-series MAC scheme over optical network for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), provides flexible data efficient delivery and optical transmission reliability.
However, RPR fairness scheme causes TCP performance degradation. In this dissertation, an analytical traffic model is developed to study the impact of congestion control of TCP under RPR AM fairness scheme. Basically, two possible ways may be able to improve this impact, to equip a buffer to accommodate the burst or to employ a robust active queue management (AQM). However, buffer requirement in RPR networks may be different for various network scenarios and AQM scheme should be better for RPR networks. Furthermore, our study shows that TCP works not well if queue management parameters are fixed at a value. Hence, a novel adaptive queue management scheme with RPR feedback information is proposed. Available bandwidth for each ingress aggregated flow should be passed to its upstream nodes in RPR MAC scheme. Accordingly, queue management design parameters could be adaptively tuned to achieve better queueing behavior. Through detailed simulations in various scenarios, our proposed schemes are able to improve TCP performance obviously.
Additionally，we propose a fast-convergent fairness scheme in IEEE 802.17 RPR networks. In the proposed scheme, each station could rapidly approach fair rate by estimating number of unbounded flows at each link. In addition, the fast-convergent scheme could prevent rate oscillations in the RPR AM scheme under unbalanced traffic. The estimation mechanism is simple and scalable since it is stateless without per-flow management. Through analytical and simulation evaluations, our scheme showed stable and speedy, when compared with 802.17 RPR fairness scheme or the proposed DVSR scheme.
Then, we study the performance of multicast traffic in RPR networks. We discover the low usage of wavelength channel in legacy optical network with native limitation. This cause high cost of optical equipment. To improve this issue, many researches have been developed. We find circuit-based switch optical network is feasible in near future. Based on this technique, we propos a new optical network which can support unicast and multicast traffic and increase the usage of wavelength. In this dissertation, we make several analyses and confirm its performance.
Finally, we discuss the multipoint-to-multipoint fairness in general network. TCP can not ensure the fairness among flows. We define several fairness parameters and propose our algorithm. This algorithm use ABR to inform senders with fair rates. Fair rate in a router is computed with the estimation of weights of active and bounded flows. Our distributed algorithm can achieve the multipoint-to-multipoint fairness.

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