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研究生：	王維瀚 Wang, Wei-Han
論文名稱：	以權變觀點探討聯盟組合對創新績效之影響 The effect of alliance portfolio on patents granted: Toward a contingency perspective
指導教授：	林清河 Lin, Chin-Ho
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	管理學院 - 工業與資訊管理學系 Department of Industrial and Information Management
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	61
中文關鍵詞：	聯盟組合、創新績效、技術距離、吸收能力、專利分析、組織間合作
外文關鍵詞：	Alliance Portfolio, Innovation Performance, Technological Distance, Absorptive Capacity, Patent Analysis, Interorganizational Collaboration
相關次數：	點閱：222 下載：2
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由於科技快速的進步與越來越短的產品生命週期，使得企業被迫要加強組織的創新能耐，以加速新產品的創新，並且達到成本效益的目標。為了達成更快速且更有效的創新，企業投注越來越多的資源在研發活動上；也有許多公司藉由與其他企業建立組織間的聯盟，增加獲取外部知識的機會，進而增加內部的創新能耐。但文獻亦指出，若夥伴間的技術距離過大，企業會缺乏能力將彼此的資源進行分享與重組，對聯盟中的學習造成負面的影響。由於組織學習理論強調，若組織擁有良好的吸收能力，可以幫助組織開拓（exploit）、認定（identify）、吸收（absorb）並運用（utilize）外部獲取的知識。因此，本研究由先前的文獻合理推論，並想驗證組織自身的吸收能力是否可以減少夥伴間過大的技術距離對聯盟合作中的學習所造成的負面影響。
本研究針對美國生技產業（bio-tech industry）中，企業間所建立的聯盟為主要研究對象，有效樣本數為220筆。研究的樣本資料分別取自全球合併收購及合作創業資料庫（SDC）、美國專利商標局（USPTO）與標準普爾（S&P）　COMPUSTAT等三個資料庫。
實證分析結果驗證了本研究提出的四個假設。首先，證實了專利組合和創新績效之間的正向關係。其次，分別確認技術距離與吸收能力對於專利組合和創新績效之間關係的干擾效果。最後，本研究驗證了企業若有很強的吸收能力，可以避免對於外在知識認知不足的情形發生，使得與夥伴間過大的技術距離所造成的負面影響減少。

Increasing studies on interorganizational collaborations have considered several contingency factors for demonstrating the relationship between inter-firm alliances and innovation performance. However, they have neglected the interacting impact of partner’s technological distance and absorptive capacity in the learning process of collaborating activities. In this study, we propose that absorptive capacity can reduce the negative effect of technological distance between R&D agreements upon innovation outputs, and provide evidence through an empirical test.
This research, firstly, confirms the positive relationship of R&D alliances and innovation performance. Secondly, examines the moderating effects of technological distance and absorptive capacity upon the relationship between alliance portfolio and firm innovation, respectively. Finally, we verify whether absorptive capacity decrease the adverse impact caused by technological distance on the relationship between alliance portfolio and novel creation. A research sample collected from the databases, Securities Data Company (SDC), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) as well as S&P COMPUSTAT, is used to test the proposed model.
The empirical results corroborate the hypotheses proposed in this study. We find that R&D alliance reliably contributes to innovation outcomes; and the moderating effects of technological distance and absorptive capacity are respectively verified. The key finding of this study is that firms with strong absorptive capacity can overcome the shortcomings of too large technological distance with partners.

Contents
Abstract	I
摘要	II
致謝	III
Contents	IV
List of Figures	VI
List of Tables	VII
1.	Introduction	1
1.1	Research Background and Motivations	1
1.2	Research Objectives	4
1.3	The Organization of This Study	4
2.	Literature Review	6
2.1	Organizational Performance	6
2.2	Interorganizational Collaboration	8
2.3	Patent Analysis	10
2.4	Bio-tech Industry	12
2.5	Moderators	13
2.5.1	Technological Distance	15
2.5.2	Absorptive Capacity	16
3.	Research Framework	20
3.1	Hypotheses Development	20
3.2	Operational Definition of Variables	24
3.2.1	Innovation Performance	25
3.2.2	Alliance Portfolio	26
3.2.3	Technological Distance	27
3.2.4	Absorptive Capacity	29
3.2.5	Firm Size	30
3.2.6	Firm Age	30
3.2.7	Total R&D Alliances Announced	31
3.3	Data	32
3.4	Data Collection Procedure	33
3.5	Statistics Method	38
4.	Empirical Results	42
5.	Discussion and Conclusions	50
5.1	Conclusions	50
5.2	Managerial Implications	52
5.3	Research Limitation and Future Research	54
Reference	55
 
List of Figures
Fig. 1.1	Conceptual Framework	5
Fig. 2.1	Novelty and absorptive capacity	15
Fig. 2.2	Conceptual model of sources of a firm’s technical knowledge	18
Fig. 3.1	Hypotheses of this study	20
Fig. 3.2	Time frame of research variables	25
Fig. 3.3	Time frame of dependent variable in this study	26
Fig. 3.4	User interface of SDC database	34
Fig. 3.5	User interface of S&P COMPUSTAT	37
Fig. 3.6	User interface of SAS 9.2 and codes for calculating TD	37
Fig. 3.7	Sample of data set of this study	38
Fig. 4.1	Moderating effect of technological distance	47
Fig. 4.2	Moderating effect of absorptive capacity	48


 
List of Tables
Table 2.1	Definitions of common indicators for financial performance	7
Table 2.2	Recent researches of technological distance and innovation	14
Table 2.3	Recent researches of absorptive and innovation	14
Table 3.1	Research variables in this study	24
Table 3.2	Sample of data drawn from SDC database	35
Table 3.3	Notation	39
Table 4.1	Descriptive statistics of variables (N = 220)	42
Table 4.2	Correlation matrix of variables (N = 220)	43
Table 4.3	Negative binomial regression result for determinants of innovation performance	45



                                    

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