本論文的主要目的為在以光接取網路(Optical Access Networks, 簡稱OANs)經由光都會網路(Optical Metro Networks, 簡稱OMNs)再到光核心網路(Optical Core Networks, 簡稱OCNs)所形成的新世代光纖網路中探討對於網路傳輸影響甚鉅的相關議題。
在與末端使用者(end users)距離最接近的光接取網路中，當光網路單元(Optical Network Units, 簡稱ONUs)的數目不斷的增加而導致網路對傳輸頻寬的需求激增時，目前所廣泛使用的單一傳輸通道乙太被動式光纖網路(Ethernet Passive Optical Network, 簡稱EPON)便無法滿足這些新增傳輸頻寬的需求。為了改善上述的問題，本論文提出一個新式分波多工(Wavelength Division Multiplexing, 簡稱WDM)乙太被動式光纖網路架構。該網路架構除了提升光網路單至中央機房(central office)間的傳輸頻寬以滿足傳輸的需求外，也可使得末端使用者在區域網路中具有直接相互傳輸資料的能力。此外，本論文也研究與設計配套的動態頻寬分配技術與品質服務機制。再者，本論文針對此架構建立數學分析模型，分析平均等待佇列長度與平均封包等待時間等與乙太被動式光纖網路效能相關的數據參數。此模型所推算的系統效能也與模擬實驗結果互相印證。結果顯示兩者所得到的數據非常吻合。
針對光都會網路方面，由於目前廣泛使用的同步光纖環狀網路(Optical NETwork/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, 簡稱SONET)在傳輸非同步資料與叢集(burst)資料較無效率，因而在都會網路中產生所謂的都會缺口(metro gap)問題。為了解決都會缺口問題，本論文在光分封交換(Optical Optical Packet Switching, 簡稱OPS)與光叢集交換(Optical Burst Switching, 簡稱OBS)的封包交換技術上分別提出了一個全光學都會網路的架構。由於所提出的光分封交換都會環為一個雙向環狀網路，因此相較於單向環狀網路其具有較好的網路延展性，較高的網路效能與當網路節點或光纖故障時可提供較佳的錯誤容忍性(fault tolerance)等多項優點。再者，本論文所提出的光叢集交換都會環狀網路除了可確認在傳輸叢集資料時不會發生資料碰撞的情況，亦可同時保有傳統光叢集交換網路具有多樣資料傳輸的優勢。本論文也針對兩個環狀網路系統，各自提出了相關的介質存取控制(Medium Access Control, 簡稱MAC)機制。此機制能使得兩個環狀網路皆具有解決傳輸通道碰撞問題、保證存取公平性、支援不同的網路服務、與確保卓越網路資源使用率的能力。
最後，由於光叢集交換相對於光分封交換所需求技術層面的複雜度較低，因此光叢集交換衍然成為一個在光核心網路方面的新興光資料交換技術。在目前的光叢集交換核心網路中，大部分的研究皆把焦點放在如何解決叢集資料於傳輸時發生碰撞的議題上。本論文則將光核心網路的研究聚焦於評估叢集標頭封包(Burst Header Packets, 簡稱BHPs)在發生碰撞時對傳輸層(transport layer)應用傳輸效能方面的影響。有鑒於此，本論文提出一套包含硬體架構與搭配之演算法的機制以解決叢集標頭封包碰撞解造成網路效能下降的問題。本論文所提出的機制將碰撞的叢集標頭封包暫存在緩衝佇列中並補償暫存於緩衝佇列的叢集標頭封包與其相對應叢集資料之間的間隔時間(offset time)。因此，叢集標頭封包碰撞的問題可以全然解決，並將叢集資料遺失率降至最低以達到提升整體網路效能的目的。

This dissertation is aimed at addressing critical issues in the next-generation optical networks from Optical Access Networks (OANs), through Optical Metro Networks (OMNs), and then to Optical Core Networks (OCNs).
In OANs, the current single-channel Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) architecture is no longer adequate when the traffic demands imposed on an access network increase greatly as the number of Optical Network Units (ONUs) increases. In order to address this issue, this dissertation presents a novel multiple channel EPON system (i.e., a WDM EPON network). The proposed WDM EPON architecture not only resolves the insufficient bandwidth issue by dramatically increasing the transmission capability between OLT and ONUs, but also facilitates a truly-shared LAN capability amongst the end users by allowing ONU-ONU communication. An associated dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme and a QoS provisioning mechanism are also investigated. Furthermore, this study constructs an analytical model for evaluating the mean packet delay and mean queue length. The analytical results derived using this model are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from computer simulations.
In OMNs, current Synchronous Optical NETwork/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) ring networks have an efficiency issue, called “metro gap”, in terms of supporting asymmetric traffic and burst. This dissertation proposes two all-optical metro ring architectures based upon Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) approaches, respectively, to overcome the metro gap problem. The proposed OPS metro ring is a dual-ring network which has several key advantages compared to their single-ring counterparts, including a greater scalability, a higher throughput, and an enhanced fault tolerance in terms of node/fiber failures. On the other hand, the proposed OBS metro ring architecture ensures a collision-free transmission of data bursts, while retaining the advantage of the statistical multiplexing provided by conventional OBS networks. In both ring networks, the corresponding Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms have been also designed and investigated. As a result, the two metro rings are both capable of resolving the channel collision problem, guaranteeing access fairness under various traffic patterns, supporting differentiated services, and thereby ensuring excellent network resource utilization.
Finally, for OCNs, currently OBS is considered as a potential switching paradigm due to its less requirement of for complex hardware technology than OPS. Traditionally, in OBS core networks, research has been focusing on resolving collision issues of data bursts. This study has taken a look at how the collisions of Burst Header Packets (BHPs) impact the transmission performance, especially for the goodput of the transport layer applications. A BHP contention resolution mechanism has been proposed to resolve the BHP collision problem. In the proposed scheme, the collided BHP is temporarily stored in the electrical buffer and the offset time between the buffered BHP and its corresponding data burst is compensated. Hence, the BHP collision problems are entirely resolved, thereby minimizing the burst loss rate and enhancing the network performance.

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