簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 葉佳楠
Yeh, Chia-Nan
論文名稱: 高動態範圍CMOS數位影像感測器
High Dynamic Range CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor
指導教授: 賴源泰
Lai, Yen-Tai
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 51
中文關鍵詞: 高速取像數位影像感測器高動態範圍
外文關鍵詞: digital CMOS image sensor, high dynamic range, high speed
相關次數: 點閱:151下載:4
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 在這篇論文當中我們將利用CMOS 0.18um 製程來製作數位式影像感測器,使用CMOS製程可便於與其他應用電路整合在一起,以達到降低成本與減少功率消耗。此外,利用數位式的影像感測器所具備高速取像的能力,可以有更多的應用。
    影像感測器的動態範圍是為最大未飽和訊號與最小可偵測訊號的比值,在影像感測器中是一個優缺的重要指標。而在這篇論文中我們提出一個新的演算法來增加動態範圍,此演算法改良許多過去增加動態範圍演算法的缺點,使得這個影像感測器系統可擁有高動態範圍與高速取像的能力。

    In this thesis we intend to develop a digital image sensor by using CMOS 0.18 um technology. The main reason of using CMOS technology lies in the compatibility with other circuit, which can lead to low cost and low power dissipation. Besides, digital pixel sensors can offer many applications if they are capable of high speed imaging.
    Dynamic range is the ratio of the largest non-saturating signal to the smallest detectable signal, which is a critical figure of merit for image sensor. In this thesis we will also propose a new algorithm to increase the dynamic range. This new algorithm is an improvement of the past improve-dynamic-range algorithm. With this algorithm, a imaging system will have the ability of capturing high dynamic range image and high speed capturing.

    CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Perspective 1 1.2 The Motivation 3 CHAPTER 2 Photodetectors 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Charge Couple Device 9 2.3 CMOS Pixel Sensor 12 2.3.1 Passive Pixel Sensor (PPS) 13 2.3.2 Active Pixel Sensor (APS) 14 CHAPTER 3 CMOS Digital Pixel sensor 18 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 Pixel Design 19 3.3 Sensor Operation 22 3.2.1 A/D Conversion Operation 23 3.2.2 Imaging modes 24 3.3 Experimental Results 26 CHAPTER 4 Dynamic Range Enhancement Methods 31 4.1 Sensor Model 32 4.2 Well Capacity Adjusting Method 34 4.3 Multiple Sampling Method 38 4.4 Adaptive Sampling Method 42 CHAPTER 5 Conclusions 48 REFERENCES 49

    [1] A. El Gamal and B. Fowler and D. Yang. “Pixel Level Processing Why, What and How?”. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.3649, January 1999
    [2] A. J. P. Theuwissen, Solid-State Imaging with Charge-Coupled Devices. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1995
    [3] B. Fowler, A. El Gamal, and D. Yang. “Techniques for Pixel Level Analog to Digital Conversion”. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.3360,pages 2 12, April 1998
    [4] D. Yang, A. El Gamal, B. Fowler, and H. Tian, “A 640×512 CMOS Image Sensor with Ultra Wide Dynamic Range Floating Point Pixel Level ADC”, ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, San Francisco, CA, February 1999
    [5] D. Yang and A. El Gamal. “Comparative Analysis of SNR for Image Sensors with Widened Dynamic Range”. Proceeding of SPIE, volume 3649, San Jose, CA, February 1999
    [6] D. Yang, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal. “A Nyquist Rate Pixel Level ADC for CMOS Image Sensors”. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, pages 348 356, March 1999
    [7] E. R. Fossum. “CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-chip”. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 1689-1698, Oct. 1997
    [8] G. Weckler. “Operation of p-n junction photodetectors in a photon flux integration mode”. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, SC-2(3):65-73, 1967
    [9] G. J. Michon and H. K. Burke. “Charge Injection Imaging”. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pages 138 139, February 1973
    [10] H. S. Wong. “CMOS active pixel image sensors fabricated using a 1.8V 0.25um CMOS technology”. Proceedings of International Electron Devices Meeting, pages 915,918, San Francisco, USA, December 1996
    [11] Lliana Fujimori, et al. “A 256×256 CMOS Differential Passive Pixel Imager with FPN Reduction Techniques”. ISSCC2000 Technical Digest, Volume 43. pages 106 107,2000
    [12] M. Sayag, “Non-linear Photosite Response in CCD Imagers”. U.S Patent No. 5,055,667, 1991. Filed 1990
    [13] M. Schanz, C. Nitta, A. Bussmann, B.J. Hosticka, and R.K. Wertheimer, “A high-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor for automotive applications.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 35, Issue 7, pp. 932-938, July 2000
    [14] Neil H.E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design:: A Systems Perspective second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1998
    [15] Nenad Stevanovic, et al. “A CMOS Image Sensor for High-Speed Imaging”. ISSCC2000 Technical Digest, Volume 43. pages 104 105, 2000
    [16] O. Yadid-Pecht and E. Fossum. “Wide Intrascene Dynamic Range CMOS APS Using Dual Sampling”. IEEE Transactions on Electronic Devices, 44(10):1721-23, October 1997
    [17] P. R. Gray and R. G. Meyer. Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits. Wiley, 1993
    [18] P. E. Allen and D. R. Holberg. CMOS Analog Circuit Design second edition. New York Oxford, 2002
    [19] R.Gregorian and G. C. Temes. Analog MOS integrated circuits for signal processing. Wiley, 1986
    [20] S. Mendis, S. Kemeny, and E. Fossum. “A 128×128 CMOS Active Pixel for Highly Integrated Imaging Systems”. IEEE IEDM Technical Digest, pages 583-6, San Jose, CA, December 1993.
    [21] S. Medis et al. “CMOS active pixel image sensor” IEEE Transactions Electron Devices, ED-41 No.3, pp.452-453, 1994
    [22] S. K. Mendis et al. “Progress in CMOS active pixel image sensors”. Charge Coupled Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors IV Proceedings of the SPIE, volume 2172, pages 19 29, San Jose, CA, USA, February 1994
    [23] S. Decker, R. McGrath, K. Brehmer and C. Sodini, “A 256×256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output,”ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 176-177, San Francisco, CA), February 1998
    [24] S. Kleinfelder, S.H. Lim, X. Q. Liu and A. El. Gamal, “A 10,000 Frames/s CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor”. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol 36, No. 12, December 2001
    [25] T. F. Knight, “Design of an Integrated Optical Sensor with On-Chip Preprocessing”. PhD thesis, MIT, 1983
    [26] T. Hamamoto, K. Aizawa, “New Design and Implementation of Adaptive Integration time Image Sensor”, IEEE ICASSP’2000
    [27] Y. Wang, S. Barna, S. Campbell, and E. Fossum, “A High Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor.” In Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Workshop on charge-Coupled Devices and advanced Image Sensors, pp. 137-140, June 2001

    下載圖示
    2006-07-21公開
    QR CODE