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研究生: 卡瑞娜
Rodriguez, Karina
論文名稱: The Choice of Apparel Brand Endorsers and its Influence on Purchase Intentions: A Study of Philippine Consumers
The Choice of Apparel Brand Endorsers and its Influence on Purchase Intentions: A Study of Philippine Consumers
指導教授: 林清河
Ho, Lin Chin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士班
Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 75
外文關鍵詞: Endorser Credibility, Power Distance, Endorser Type, Collectivism
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  • Each year, marketers spend a huge part of their budget on advertising. Hiring endorsers to represent a brand remains a very popular advertising strategy. Some advertisers believe that hiring celebrity spokespersons will result to higher sales as compared to hiring anonymous models. However, some theories like the Source Credibility Model and the Elaboration Likelihood Model state that endorsers who are perceived to be credible will yield higher brand recall and would have a more positive influence on consumer’s attitudes and behavior. Since hiring spokespersons remains an important decision, this study was conducted to make a contribution to Filipino managers and advertisers by examining the influences of endorser type (celebrity and anonymous) and endorser credibility on consumer’s attitude and purchase intentions. It also investigates the moderating effects of culture as measured through Hofstede’s cultural dimensions; Collectivism and Power Distance, to the relationship between the endorser and attitude towards the advertisement.
    This study conducted an experiment and employed the 2x2 research design. The 2 independent variables were endorser type and endorser credibility. The results showed that Filipino consumers had more positive attitudes and had higher purchase intentions towards advertisements featuring celebrities. It also showed that the qualities under endorser credibility that significantly influenced attitude towards the advertisement and purchase intentions were Experienced, Knowledgeable, Qualified, and Trustworthy. In addition, Collectivism and Power Distance were shown to moderate the relationship between Endorser Type and Attitude towards the Advertisement, and Endorser Credibility and Attitude towards the Advertisement respectively.
    The research outcome supports previous literature which state that celebrities have the ability to generate more purchase intentions and more positive attitudes towards a brand. However, managers and advertisers should also consider the results of other researches that yielded different results when deciding on which endorser to hire.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I ABSTRACT IV TABLE OF CONTENTS VI LIST OF TABLES X LIST OF FIGURES XII CHAPTER ONE 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation. 1 1.2 Research Objectives and Contribution. 3 1.3 Research Procedure. 4 1.4 The Structure of this Study. 5 CHAPTER TWO 6 2.1 Definition Relevant Research Constructs. 6 2.1.1 The Endorser Type (Celebrity or Anonymous). 6 2.1.2 Endorser Credibility. 9 2.1.3 Attitude towards the Advertisement. 10 2.1.4 Brand Attitude. 10 2.1.5 Purchase Intention. 11 2.1.6 Hofstede’s Cultural Framework (High Power Distance and Collectivism). 11 2.2 Related Models and Theories. 12 2.2.1 McCracken’s Meaning Transfer Model. 12 2.2.2 The Source Credibility Model. 13 2.2.3 The Source Attractiveness Model. 14 2.3.1 The Philippines. 15 2.3.2 Philippine History and its Influences on Culture. 15 2.4 Relationships between Research Constructs. 16 2.4.1 Celebrity Endorsers and Attitude towards the Advertisement. 16 2.4.2 Credible Endorsers and Attitude towards the Advertisement. 16 2.4.3 Philippine Culture and the Endorser. 17 2.4.4 The Endorser Type and Attitude towards the Brand 20 2.4.5 Endorser Credibility and Attitude towards the Brand. 20 2.4.6 The Endorser Type and Purchase Intentions. 21 2.4.7 Endorser Credibility and Purchase Intentions. 21 CHAPTER THREE 24 3.1 The Conceptual Framework of the Study. 24 3.3 Independent Variables. 25 3.3.3 The Type of Endorser (Celebrity or Anonymous). 25 3.4 Dependent Variables. 29 3.4.1 Attitude towards the Advertisement. 29 3.4.2 Attitude towards the Brand. 29 3.4.3 Intention to Purchase. 30 3.5 Moderating Variables. 30 3.5.1 Collectivism. 31 3.5.2 High Power Distance Index. 31 3.6 Sampling Plan. 31 3.7 Data Analysis Procedure. 32 3.7.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis. 32 3.7.2 Purification and Reliability of Measurement Variables. 32 3.7.3 Regression. 33 3.7.4 T-test. 33 CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND RELIABILITY TESTS 34 4.1 Characteristics of Respondents and Descriptive Analysis. 34 4.2 Descriptive Analyses for Questionnaire Variables. 35 4.3 Manipulation Checks. 38 4.4 Factor Analysis and Reliability Tests. 39 4.4.1 Purchase Intentions. 39 4.4.2 Endorser Credibility 41 4.4.4 Attitude towards the Brand. 42 4.4.5 Collectivism. 42 4.4.6 The Power Distance Index. 43 5.1 Comparison of Means. 44 5.1.1 Purchase Intentions before and after viewing the stimulus. 44 5.1.2 Comparison of Purchase Intentions among the Four Groups. 46 5.2 Results of Linear Regression Analysis. 47 5.2.1 Relationship between Endorser Type and Attitude towards the Advertisement. 48 5.2.2 Relationship between Endorser Credibility and Attitude towards the Advertisement. 48 5.2.3 Power Distance as a Moderating Variable. 49 5.2.4 Collectivism as a Moderating Variable. 49 5.2.5 Relationship between Endorser Type and Attitude towards the Brand. 50 5.2.6 Relationship between Endorser Credibility and Attitude towards the Brand. 51 5.2.7 Relationship between Endorser Type and Purchase Intentions. 51 5.2.8 Relationship between Endorser Credibility and Purchase Intentions. 51 5.2.9 Relationship between Attitude towards the Advertisement and Attitude towards the brand. 53 5.2.10 Relationship between Attitude towards the brand and Purchase Intentions. 53 CHAPTER SIX 55 6.1 Research Conclusions. 55 6.2 Implications for Managers and Advertisers. 57 6.3 Research Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study. 59 REFERENCES 61

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