本論文探討了「幫派能否統治海地角？」這個核心問題。研究採用質性訪談、觀察資料和官方記錄，分析了國家機構、非國家武裝力量和當地社區在塑造海地北部城市秩序過程中的互動。研究結果揭示了海地角的混合安全環境：正規當局雖然承擔著主要的治理責任，但面臨結構性制約，使得非正規力量能夠提供補充性的安全保障、監管和服務。研究確定了幫派影響的三個核心維度。首先，幫派非正式地管理著包括電力、水、市場和交通在內的資源，展現了對公共資產的影響。其次，在公共資產監管方面，幫派參與了電力連接、用水、市場和交通樞紐等資源的非正式管理。第三，組織網絡使幫派能夠透過招募青年、建立社區聯盟以及與更廣泛的政治和經濟力量建立聯繫來維持其存在。然而，這些角色仍然有限：與太子港等較成熟的案例不同，海地角的幫派缺乏持續控制地盤、穩定執行規則和建立制度化治理的能力。基於此分析，本研究建議加強執法、改善公共服務、提升城市治理水準、投資青年就業和增強社區韌性。

This dissertation examined the central question: Can gangs govern Cap-Haitian? Drawing on qualitative interviews, observational data, and official records, the study analyzed the interaction between state institutions, non-state armed actors, and local communities in shaping urban order in northern Haiti. The findings revealed Cap-Haitian’s hybrid security environment, where formal authorities retain primary governance responsibility but faced structural constraints, enabling informal actors to provide supplementary security, regulation, and services. The study identified three core dimensions of gang influence. First, gangs informally managed resources, including electricity, water, marketplaces, and transportation, demonstrating their impact on public assets. Second, regarding the regulation of public assets, gangs engaged in the informal management of resources such as electricity connections, water access, marketplaces, and transportation hubs. Third, organizational networks allowed gangs to sustain their presence through youth recruitment, community alliances, and perceived ties to broader political and economic actors. However, these roles remained limited: unlike more consolidated cases such as Port-au-Prince, gangs in Cap-Haitian lack capacity for sustained territorial control, stable rule enforcement, and institutionalized governance. Building on this analysis, the study recommends strengthening law enforcement, improving public service delivery, enhancing urban governance, investing in youth employment and community resilience.

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