應用數值模式推算颱風暴潮水位時，風剪應力的大小對於暴潮水位會產生影響。本文應用POM模式推算暴潮水位，檢討前人關於剪應力的研究成果，選擇適當的剪應力公式取代POM模式中的剪力項，以提升暴潮水位推算準確度。
POM模式中原有的剪力項以風速為單一變化，然而實測數據迴歸(Moon,2004)顯示剪力值在風速上的分布範圍較大，表示影響剪利項的因素並非只有風速。由Moon(2004)利用風速及波齡之關係討論海表面阻力係數的分佈結果顯示，考慮波浪及風速雙變數所決定的剪力係數時能有效降低剪力係數的變動範圍，能更精準的決定剪力值的大小。本文利用Janssen(1989)所提出之包含波浪影響的剪力公式，將海表面總剪應力表示為：波致應力及紊流應力之和，再應用SWAN波浪模式求得海表面上的波致應力，將波致應力與紊流應力代入POM海洋模式中求取暴潮水位。
利用2004年納坦颱風案例可驗證，以風速和波浪為雙變數的剪力公式能有效改善模式中原本對暴潮水位推算值偏高的情形，並可使暴潮水位的推算更接近實測值。

The value of sea-surface stress is known to have impacts on the numerical simulation results of storm surge. To improve the simulation accuracy of storm surge, this research makes an in-depth discussion of the previous studies and proposses a more suitable wind stress formula for the Princeton Ocean Model (POM).The original wind stress formula of POM considers only wind speed. However, regression analysis of the actual meausrement data (Moon, 2004) shows that the predicted sea-suface stress has a greater variation range, which means the wind speed is not the only variable influential to the sea-surface stress. Furthermore, Moon’s study on the influence of wind speed and wave age to the sea surface stress also suggests that dual-variable stress formula that considers both the wind and the wave can provide more accurate calculatuion results and decrease the variation range of the sea-surface stress. This research adopts the formula presented by Janssen (1989), which consider both wave induced stress and turbulence stress, and the SWAN wave model to calculate the wave induced stress. Then, the wave induced stress and the turbulence stress are substituted into POM to simulate the storm surge. A set of historical typhoon data is applied to verify the proposed method. Experiment results show that the presented method can effectively improve the deviation of sea level suggested by POM and make the simulation result closer to the real monitoring value.

（1） As-Salek, J.A., and Yasuda, T., (1995), “Comparative study of the storm surge model proposed for Bangladesh: Last developments and research needs.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 54-55, pp.595-610.
（2） Blumberg, A. F., and Mellor, G.L., (1987), “A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model”, Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Volume 4, pp. 1-16
（3） Charnock , H., (1955) : “Wind stress on a water surface .”, Quart .J. Roy .Meteor. Soc., Volume 81, pp.639-640
（4） Graham, H.E. and Nunn, D.E., (1959), “Meteorological conditions pertinent to standard project hurricane”, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States, National Hurricane Research Project, Report No. 3, US Weather Service.
（5） Holland, G. J., (1980) “An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes”, Monthly Weather Review, Volume 108, 8, pp. 1212-1218
（6） Janssen, P.A.E.M., (1989) “Wave induced stress and the drag of air flow over sea waves.”, Journal of Physical Oceanography., Volume 19, pp.745–754.
（7） Janssen, P.A.E.M., (1991),”Experimental Evidence of the Effect of Surface Waves on the Airflow.”, Journal of Physical Oceanography, Volume 22 ,pp.1600-1604.
（8） Jelensnianski, C.P., (1965), “A numerical calculation of storm tides induced by a tropical storm impinging on a continental shelf.”, Monthly Weather Review Volume 93, 6, pp.343-358
（9） Large, W. G., and Pond, S., (1980), “Open Ocean Moment Flux in Moderate to Strong Winds.”, Journal of Physical Oceanography, Volume 11, pp.324-335.
（10） Moon, I-J., Ginis, I., and Hara, T., (2004), ”Effect of surface waves on Charnock coefficient under tropical cyclones.”, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 31,L20302.
（11） Philips, N. A., (1957), “A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting” J. Meteorol., Volume 14,pp.184-185.
（12） Powell, M.D., Vickery P.J., and Reinhold T.A., (2003), “Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones.”, Nature ,Volume 422, pp.279-283.
（13） Smith, S. D., Anderson, R. J., Oost W. A., Maat N., Kraan C. , DeCosmo J., Katsaros K. B., Davidson K. L., Bumke K., Hasse. L., and Chadwick H. M., (1992), “Sea surface wind stress and drag coefficients : The HEXOS results.”, Boundary-Layer Meteor., Volume 60, pp.109-142.
（14） Ueno, T., (1981), “Numerical Computations of the Storm Surges in Tosa Bay.” Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, Volume 37, pp. 61-73.

（15） Wu, Jin , (1980), “Wind-Stress Coefficient over Sea Surface near Neutral Conditions--A Revisit.” Journal of Physical Oceanography., Volume 10 ,pp.727-740
（16） 楊春生 (1974) “台灣北岸暴潮推算之研究”，台南水工試驗所土木水利學術彙刊，pp.49-63。
（17） 黃壽銘 (1975) ”花蓮港暴潮推算之研究”，國立台灣大學海洋研究所碩士論文。
（18） 魏靖松 (1976) “暴潮統計分析及數值推算”，國立成功大學水利及海洋研究所碩士論文。.
（19） 李賢文 (1984) “沿海窪地與海水推升之研究(1)-台灣周圍海域颱風暴潮數值模式”，防災科技研究報告。
（20） 劉肖孔 (1987) “台灣海域颱風暴潮及氣象潮數值預報模式研究計畫，第三階段成果報告”，中央氣象局研究報告第279號。
（21） 徐月娟、曾淑芬、陳進義、蔡恆雄 (1998) “台灣地區八十三年至八十六年颱風暴潮特性之初步研究”，交通部氣象局氣象學報42卷第3期，pp.230-247。
（22） 王喜年,”風暴潮預報知識講座” ，海洋預報，2000
（23） 郭一羽 (2001) 海岸工程學，文山書局。
（24） 鄭允翔 (2003) “颱風暴潮與颱風特性關係之研究”，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文。
（25） 吳誌翰 (2004) “颱風暴潮特性分析”，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文。