本研究建構在一個二階層供應鏈上，供應鏈的成員包含了製造商、零售商、消費者。製造商具有改變產品設計品質的能力，產品的生產成本受到設計品質的影響。製造商欲找出最佳的退貨價格與產品的設計品質來使得利潤最大，而零售商則根據製造商所提供的零售價與退貨價格來決定出最佳的訂購量。製造商與零售商之間存在賽局關係，由製造商先決定設計品質並制定出批發價與退貨價格，而零售商根據製造商所提出的批發價與退貨政策來決定自身的訂購量，雙方決策目標皆是自身獲利最大化。除此之外，亦求解當製造商零售商雙方存在協商機制的情況下之整體供應鏈獲利，並探討製造商零售商雙方可接受的退貨價格。
本研究以建立數學模式的方式來求解上述的問題，模式推導的部份求解出零售商在此情況下的最佳訂購量，並於數值分析的過程中求解出製造商的最佳設計品質以及退貨價格。在均勻分配的數值分析部份求解出全域最佳解，而常態分配的部分受限於常態分配的累積機率密度函數型式未知，故將製造商的決策變數定義為間斷型式，以搜尋的方式求解。
　　透過數值分析與敏感度分析的結果得知當需求服從常態分配時，製造商所提供的退貨價格將較均勻分配來得低廉；且隨產品的批發價趨於低廉的時候，製造商會選擇同步降低產品的設計品質與提供給零售商的退貨價格來加以應對，並由供應鏈協商前後的獲利數值比較反映出供應鏈成員之間彼此合作的重要性。

This study focuses on a two-echelon supply chain with one manufacturer, one retailer and consumers. The manufacturer is capable of changing the design quality of the product to affect the production cost. The manufacturer would find the best return price and optimal design quality of the product, and the retailer would find the best order quantity. There is a game with sequential moves between manufacturer and retailer. The manufacturer determines the design quality of the product and provides the return price first; then, the retailer decides an optimal order quantity depending on the return price. In this study, both manufacturer and retailer would maximize their revenues individually. Besides, this research also maximizes the total profit of the two-echelon supply chain when the coordination exists between manufacturer and retailer.
This research develops mathematical models to maximize the retailer and manufacturer’s profit respectively and maximize the total profit of the supply chain. By solving the models for the retailer’s optimal order quantity and the manufacturer’s design quality of the product and the return price. When demands follow uniform distribution, we calculated the manufacturer’s optimal solution for the design quality of the product and the return price. When demands follow normal distribution, we calculated the manufacturer’s optimal solution for the design quality of the product and the return price by searching barely since the cumulative density function is unknown.
In the results of this research, when demands are normal distributed, the manufacturer will offer less expensive return price for the retailer than demands are uniform distributed. When the wholesale price of the product is decreased, the manufacturer will reduce both the design quality of the product and the return price.

安乃駒，二階層供應鏈下最佳退貨價格與模組化設計之探討，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，民國96年。

徐維鴻，兩搭配性產品之單期最佳訂價與訂購量，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理研究所碩士論文，民國95年。

黃雅靖，資訊不對稱之短生命週期產品市場中定價與訂貨策略之研究，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理研究所碩士論文，民國95年。

傅和彥、黃士滔，品質管理，第二版，台北：前程，民國91年。

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