| 研究生: |
張詠晴 Chang, Yung-Ching |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
最低稅負制實施前後有效稅率之研究 The Study of Alternative Minimum Tax On Corporate Effective Tax Rate |
| 指導教授: |
吳清在
wu, Tsingzai |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 財務金融研究所 Graduate Institute of Finance |
| 論文出版年: | 2010 |
| 畢業學年度: | 98 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 57 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 最低稅負制 、所得基本稅額條例 、有效稅率 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Alternative Minimum Tax, The Income Basic Tax Act, Effective tax rate |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:120 下載:10 |
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為促進經濟發展、我國長期採行租稅減免等措施以達成社會及經濟政策,致減免利益集中在特定產業,導致租稅不公、財政惡化的現象嚴重侵蝕稅收,有鑑於此,我國自95年起開始實施最低稅負制,其目的是希望因租稅減免而享有低稅負之企業或個人都能繳納基本稅額,以提升租稅公平,確保國家稅收。本研究主要係藉由上市(櫃)公司在最低稅負制實施前後有效稅率的變化探討租稅不公平的情形是否有所改善。
本研究實證結果如下:
一、有效稅率小於10%之企業,在最低稅負制實施後有效稅率的確有顯著的增加,但有效稅率大於10%的企業,在最低稅負制實施後有效稅率則無顯著增加,可見最低稅負制對有效稅率偏低之企業可提高其租稅負擔。
二、有效稅率小於10%的企業若其證券期貨交易所得越高,在最低稅負制實施後其有效稅率亦較會實施前提高,而企業為了避免增加稅負,會降低其出售證券期貨意願,進而造成企業證券期貨交易所得下降,可見最低稅負制對於有較高證券期貨交易所得的企業造成影響,可改善證券期貨交易所得停徵租稅不公平的情形。
三、有效稅率小於10%且有較高研究發展支出的公司者,在最低稅負制實施後其有效稅率有顯著增加,最低稅負制可達成減少租稅減免過度使用的情形。
In terms of economy development, Taiwan has been practicing various tax deduction and tax credit measures to fulfill certain economic and social objectives. These tax exemption measures mostly concentrated on specific industries; had caused the tax system unjustified and deteriorated the fiscal situation which damaged tax revenue seriously. Therefore, Taiwan adopted Alternative Minimum Tax(AMT) on 2006 to ensure the taxation fairness and consolidate national tax revenue. It is expected that enterprises or individuals who had enjoyed tax deduction and paid little or no tax at all should contribute basic tax to the nation. This study, examined the changes of effective tax rate(ETR) on TSEC and OTC listed companies after the adoption of AMT, to evaluated if the unfairness of tax burden has been improved.
The empirical results are summarized as follows:
1.After the adoption of AMT, the ETR gets significantly higher for enterprises whose ETR was below 10% before. However, the ETR does not change significantly for enterprises whose ETR was more than 10%. It shows that the adoption of AMT can raise the tax burden for enterprises owing lower ETR before.
2.Enterprises with ETR below 10% and higher gains derived from the securities and futures transactions, their ETR will rise after the adoption of AMT. To avoid the tax burden, those enterprises may reduce their willingness of selling the securities and futures. As a result, the gains derived from the securities and futures transactions are lower than before the adoption of AMT for those enterprises. This shows that the AMT will impact on enterprises with higher gains derived from the securities and futures transactions. This can improve the tax injustice situation that is caused by the tax exemption of gains derived from the securities and futures transactions.
3.Enterprises with ETR below 10% and higher expenditure in R&D, the ETR will rise significantly after the adoption of AMT. It shows that implementing AMT can reduce the over use of tax deduction.
中文部分:
1.李建興、黃國芬(2007),<租稅公平與最低稅負之探討>,《財稅研究》,第39卷第4期,第146-167頁。
2.李婉萍(2009),《最低稅負制對企業證券期貨交易所得及投資抵減行為之影響》,私立天主教輔仁大學會計研究所論文。
3.林世銘、楊朝旭(1994),<上市公司營利事業所得稅負擔之研究>,《財稅研究》,26卷6期,第34-52頁。
4.林世銘 (2002),<兩稅合一前後,產業租稅環境與經營績效之比較>,《財稅研究》,第34卷第3期,第64-78頁。
5.林世銘、陳明進、葛克昌、朱澤民(2005),《建立我國所得稅最低稅負制度之研究》,財政部賦稅署委託研究計畫。
6.林文義(2006),《最低稅負制對公司稅負影響之研究—以台灣五十指數成分股為例》,國立臺灣大學經濟學研究所論文。
7.洪瑞隆(2007),《營利事業所得稅最低稅負制之研究》,臺灣大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
8.財政部(2006),所得基本稅額條例疑義解答。
9.財政部(2006),建立我國所得稅最低稅負制度討論會會議資料。
10.高妮瑋(2006),<試估最低稅負制對上市櫃公司之影響>,《貨幣觀測與信用評等》,第45-57頁。
11.陳明進(2002),<營利事業有效稅率決定因素之實證研究>,《會計評論》,第34期,第57-75頁。
12.陳明進、汪瑞芝、蔡靜文(2003),<我國兩稅合一前後公司有效稅率之研究>,《財稅研究》,第35卷第5期,第120-134頁。
13.陳明進(2007),<兩稅合一實施前後公司有效稅率之研究—上市櫃公司與非上市櫃公開發行公司之比較>,《財稅研究》,第39卷第5期,第
41-61頁。
14.陳紫雲(2006),<在美國最低稅負令人失望>,《稅務旬刊》,第1955期,第11-17頁。
15.陳振銘、楊永列,魯奎彰(2007),<淺論我國最低稅負制制訂緣由與主要內容>,《財稅研究》,第39卷第1期,第123-141頁。
16.曹美華(2006),《最低稅負制實施影響營利事業所得稅之模擬研究-以臺灣省北區國稅局為範圍》,中原大學會計系碩士論文。
17.曾巨威、朱琇妍(2004),<最低稅負制之介紹與相關問題研究>,《財稅研究》,第36卷第6期,第14-33頁。
18.黃琬瑜(2000),《台灣高科技產業有效稅率之主要影響因素---兩稅合一實施前後的比較》,中央大學碩士論文。
19.黃仁德、胡貝蒂(2005),<台灣租稅獎勵實施成效的評估>,《財稅研究》,第37卷第2期,第39-43頁。
20.黃銘啟(2006),《最低稅負制對營利事業影響之模擬研究》,國立政治大學會計研究所論文。
21.趙寅州(2004),<有效稅率與資本結構之探討—兩稅合一實施前後的比較>,《財稅研究》,第36卷第4期,第151-182頁。
22.劉其昌(2006),<所得基本稅額條例之分析>,《財稅研究》,第38卷第3期,第45-65頁。
23.蔡素幸(1993),《臺灣上市公司規模與有效稅率關係之實証研究-實徵會計理論政治成本假設之探討》,國立中山大學企業管理研究所論文。
英文部分:
1. Dworin, L. (1987), “Impact of the corporate alternative minimum tax”, National Tax Journal, 40 (September), pp.505-513.
2.Gupta, S. and K. Newberry (1997),”Determinants of the Variability in Corporate Effective Tax Rates: Evidence from Longitudinal Data”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 16, pp.1-34.
3.Lyon,A.B. (1997), “Cracking the Code:Making sense of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax”, Washington, D.C, Brooking Institution Press.
4. Pope, T. R., Anderson, K. E., and Kramer, J. L.(2003), “Prentice Hall’s Federal Taxation 2004: Comprehensive”, Prentice Hall.
5. Porcano, T. (1986), “Corporate Tax Rates: Progressive, Proportional, or Regressive”, The Journal of the American Taxation Association, (7)2, pp.17-31.
6. Robert S. McIntyre et al. (1985), “Corporate Taxpayers & Corporate Freeloaders : four Years of continuing ,Legalized Tax Avoidance by America’s Largest Corporations 1981-1984”, Citizen for Tax Justice, from the World Wide Web:http://www.ctj.org/pdf/corp0885.pdf
7. Shevlin, T. and S. Porter (1992), “The Corporate tax comeback in 1987: Some further evidence”, The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 14(1), pp. 58-79.
8. Stickney, C. and V. McGee (1982), “Effective Corporate Tax Rates: The Effect of Size, Capital Intensity, Leverage, and Other Factors,” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 1(2), pp.125-152.
9. Zimmerman, J. (1983), “Taxes and firms size”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5(2), pp.119-149.