這項研究分析了影響新創公司維持其業務經營時間的影響因子。全球創業觀察 (GEM)定義一間公司創立後給薪持續3到42個月為“新創公司”(New Firm)。此研 究假設新創公司與家庭支持有顯著相關性,而家庭所提供的工具性支持分為兩種,即金 融資本和社會性支持。同時,本研究假設不同程度的經濟發展水平、創業之必要性驅動 會給新創公司的活動帶來差異;以及,不同國家文化背景下有不同程度的集體意識 (Collectivism),而此因素也間接影響企業活動。為了檢驗假設,我們研究來自於全 球創業觀察(GEM)從2012年至2015年,93個國家的早期創業活動(TEA)的數據, 藉由“已結束經營之新創公司”為論證樣本。
結果顯示,“來自家庭的財務支持”,“東方國家”對於“已結束經營之新創公司”, 其結果呈負顯性相關,表示家庭財務支持及東方國家特性,能夠支持新創公司的持續營 運。我們進一步強調,“東方國家”之文化及民族特性其“群體內集體主義”(In-group collectivism) 對其他變數有增強的影響,對新創公司能持續經營業務有正向積極的作用。

In this paper, we analyze the effects of start-ups (new firms) that have discontinued their business. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) definition of new firm is “the firm has made payments of any salaries and wages for more than three months to employees, including owners”. We hypothesize that the duration of a new firm is associated with family support. There are two types of instrumental support from a family: financial and social capital, as mentioned by Edelman (2016). In parallel, we estimate that differ economic development level, and necessity driven, bring difference to an entrepreneur’s activities; furthermore, different cultures lead to a difference in collective consciousness, which will indirectly have influence on an entrepreneur’s activities.

To test our hypotheses, we studied the Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of 93 countries, drawing from 2012 to 2015 GEM data, a survey of entrepreneurship activities from worldwide countries, and we tested on new firms that were in the process of starting new business.

The results reveal that financial support from family and Eastern country is negative and significantly associated with new firms that have discontinued their business, which means those factors help new firms maintain their business longer. We further argue that the effect is enhanced by Eastern country, which was estimated in high in-group collectivism, and is strongly performed in family groups (social support in the form of family cohesiveness) in Eastern country; therefore, the result shows the interaction of Eastern country and financial support from family further negatively effects on new firms that have discontinued their business, which means they maintain business longer.

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